heartbeat + pacemaker实现流复制自动切换(1)

原文地址:http://my.oschina.net/lianshunke/blog/200411



heartbeat + pacemaker + postgres_streaming_replication

说明:

该文档用于说明以hearbeat+pacemaker的方式实现PostgreSQL流复制自动切换。注意内容包括有关hearbeat/pacemaker知识总结以及整个环境的搭建过程和问题处理。

一、介绍

Heartbeat

3版本开始,heartbeat将原来项目拆分为了多个子项目(即多个独立组件),现在的组件包括:heartbeatcluster-glueresource-agents

各组件主要功能:

heartbeat:属于集群的信息层,负责维护集群中所有节点的信息以及各节点之间的通信。

cluster-glue:包括LRM(本地资源管理器)、STONITH,将heartbeatcrm(集群资源管理器)联系起来,属于一个中间层。

resource-agents:即各种资源脚本,由LRM调用从而实现各个资源的启动、停止、监控等。

Heartbeat内部组件关系图:

112120_zHcm_1011289.png

Pacemaker

Pacemaker,即Cluster Resource ManagerCRM),管理整个HA,客户端通过pacemaker管理监控整个集群。

常用的集群管理工具:

1)基于命令行

crm shell/pcs

2)基于图形化

pygui/hawk/lcmc/pcs

Hawk:http://clusterlabs.org/wiki/Hawk

Lcmc:http://www.drbd.org/mc/lcmc/

Pacemaker内部组件、模块关系图:

112120_8UbZ_1011289.png

二、环境

2.1 OS

1 # cat /etc/issue
2 CentOS release 6.4 (Final)
3 Kernel \r on an \m
4
5 # uname -a
6 Linux node1 2.6.32-358.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Fri Feb 22 00:31:26 UTC 2013 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

2.2 IP

node1:

eth0 192.168.100.161/24  GW 192.168.100.1    ---真实地址

eth1 2.2.2.1/24                              ---心跳地址

eth2 192.168.2.1/24                          ---流复制地址

node2:

eth0 192.168.100.162/24  GW 192.168.100.1    ---真实地址

eth1 2.2.2.2/24                              ---心跳地址

eth2 192.168.2.2/24                          ---流复制地址

虚拟地址:

eth0:0 192.168.100.163/24                    ---vip-master

eth0:0 192.168.100.164/24                    ---vip-slave

eth2:0 192.168.2.3/24                        ---vip-rep

2.3 软件版本

01 # rpm -qa | grep heartbeat
02 heartbeat-devel-3.0.3-2.3.el5
03 heartbeat-debuginfo-3.0.3-2.3.el5
04 heartbeat-3.0.3-2.3.el5
05 heartbeat-libs-3.0.3-2.3.el5
06 heartbeat-devel-3.0.3-2.3.el5
07 heartbeat-3.0.3-2.3.el5
08 heartbeat-debuginfo-3.0.3-2.3.el5
09 heartbeat-libs-3.0.3-2.3.el5
10
11 # rpm -qa | grep pacemaker
12 pacemaker-libs-1.0.12-1.el5.centos
13 pacemaker-1.0.12-1.el5.centos
14 pacemaker-debuginfo-1.0.12-1.el5.centos
15 pacemaker-debuginfo-1.0.12-1.el5.centos
16 pacemaker-1.0.12-1.el5.centos
17 pacemaker-libs-1.0.12-1.el5.centos
18 pacemaker-libs-devel-1.0.12-1.el5.centos
19 pacemaker-libs-devel-1.0.12-1.el5.centos
20
21 # rpm -qa | grep resource-agent
22 resource-agents-1.0.4-1.1.el5
23
24 # rpm -qa | grep cluster-glue
25 cluster-glue-libs-1.0.6-1.6.el5
26 cluster-glue-libs-1.0.6-1.6.el5
27 cluster-glue-1.0.6-1.6.el5
28 cluster-glue-libs-devel-1.0.6-1.6.el5


PostgreSQL Version9.1.4

三、安装

3.1 设置YUM

1 # wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/pacemaker.repo http://clusterlabs.org/rpm/epel-5/clusterlabs.repo


3.2 安装heartbeat/pacemaker

安装libesmtp

1 # wget ftp://ftp.univie.ac.at/systems/linux/fedora/epel/5/x86_64/libesmtp-1.0.4-5.el5.x86_64.rpm
2 # wget ftp://ftp.univie.ac.at/systems/linux/fedora/epel/5/i386/libesmtp-1.0.4-5.el5.i386.rpm
3 # rpm -ivh libesmtp-1.0.4-5.el5.x86_64.rpm
4 # rpm -ivh libesmtp-1.0.4-5.el5.i386.rpm


安装pacemaker corosync:

1 # yum install heartbeat* pacemaker*


通过命令查看资源脚本:

01 # crm ra list ocf
02 AoEtarget            AudibleAlarm         CTDB                 ClusterMon           Delay                Dummy                EvmsSCC
03 Evmsd                Filesystem           HealthCPU            HealthSMART          ICP                  IPaddr               IPaddr2
04 IPsrcaddr            IPv6addr             LVM                  LinuxSCSI            MailTo               ManageRAID           ManageVE
05 Pure-FTPd            Raid1                Route                SAPDatabase          SAPInstance          SendArp              ServeRAID
06 SphinxSearchDaemon   Squid                Stateful             SysInfo              SystemHealth         VIPArip              VirtualDomain
07 WAS                  WAS6                 WinPopup             Xen                  Xinetd               anything             apache
08 conntrackd           controld             db2                  drbd                 eDir88               exportfs             fio
09 iSCSILogicalUnit     iSCSITarget          ids                  iscsi                jboss                ldirectord           mysql
10 mysql-proxy          nfsserver            nginx                o2cb                 oracle               oralsnr              pgsql
11 pingpingd                portblock            postfix              proftpd              rsyncd               scsi2reservation
12 sfex                 syslog-ng            tomcat               vmware

禁止开机启动:

1 # chkconfig heartbeat off

3.3 安装PostgreSQL

安装目录为/opt/pgsql

{安装过程略}

postgres用户配置环境变量:

01 [postgres@node1 ~]$ cat.bash_profile
02 # .bash_profile
03
04 # Get the aliases and functions
05 if[ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
06 . ~/.bashrc
07 fi
08
09 # User specific environment and startup programs
10
11
12 exportPATH=/opt/pgsql/bin:$PATH:$HOME/bin
13 exportPGDATA=/opt/pgsql/data
14 exportPGUSER=postgres
15 exportPGPORT=5432
16 exportLD_LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/pgsql/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH


四、配置

4.1 hosts设置

1 # vim /etc/hosts
2 192.168.100.161 node1
3 192.168.100.162 node2


4.2 配置heartbeat

创建配置文件:

1 # cp /usr/share/doc/heartbeat-3.0.3/ha.cf /etc/ha.d/

修改配置:

01 # vim /etc/ha.d/ha.cf
02 logfile /var/log/ha-log
03 logfacility local0
04 keepalive 2
05 deadtime 30
06 warntime 10
07 initdead 120
08 ucast eth1 2.2.2.2 #node2上改为2.2.2.1
09 auto_failback off
10 node node1
11 node node2
12 pacemaker respawn #自heartbeat-3.0.4改为crm respawn

4.3 生成密钥

1 # (echo -ne "auth 1\n1 sha1 ";dd if=/dev/urandom bs=512 count=1 | openssl sha1 ) > /etc/ha.d/authkeys
2 1+0 records in
3 1+0 records out
4 512 bytes (512 B) copied, 0.00032444 s, 1.6 MB/s
5
6 # chmod 0600 /etc/ha.d/authkeys


4.4同步配置

1 [root@node1 ~]# cd /etc/ha.d/
2 [root@node1 ha.d]# scp authkeys ha.cf node2:/etc/ha.d/

4.5 下载替换脚本

pgsql脚本过旧,不支持配置pgsql.crm中设置的一些参数,需要从网上下载并替换pgsql

下载地址:

https://github.com/ClusterLabs/resource-agents

1 # unzip resource-agents-master.zip
2 # cd resource-agents-master/heartbeat/
3 # cp pgsql /usr/lib/ocf/resource.d/heartbeat/
4 # cp ocf-shellfuncs.in /usr/lib/ocf/lib/heartbeat/ocf-shellfuncs
5 # cp ocf-rarun /usr/lib/ocf/lib/heartbeat/ocf-rarun
6 # chmod 755 /usr/lib/ocf/resource.d/heartbeat/pgsql


修改ocf-shellfuncs

if [ -z "$OCF_ROOT" ]; then

#    : ${OCF_ROOT=@OCF_ROOT_DIR@}

   : ${OCF_ROOT=/usr/lib/ocf}

Fi

pgsql资源脚本特性:

主节点失效切换

master宕掉时,RA检测到该问题并将master标记为stop,随后将slave提升为新的master

异步与同步切换

如果slave宕掉或者LAN中存在问题,那么当设置为同步复制时包含写操作的事务将会被终止,也就意味着服务将停止。因此,为防止服务停止RA将会动态地将同步转换为异步复制。

初始启动时自动识别新旧数据

当两个或多个节点上的Pacemaker同时初始启动时,RA通过每个节点上最近的replay location进行比较,找出最新数据节点。这个拥有最新数据的节点将被认为是master。当然,若在一个节点上启动pacemaker或者该节点上的pacemaker是第一个被启动的,那么它也将成为masterRA依据停止前的数据状态进行裁定。

读负载均衡

由于slave节点可以处理只读事务,因此对于读操作可以通过虚拟另一个虚拟IP来实现读操作的负载均衡。

4.6 启动heartbeat

启动:

1 [root@node1 ~]# service heartbeat start
2 [root@node2 ~]# service heartbeat start

检测状态:

01 [root@node1 ~]# crm status
02 ============
03 Last updated: Fri Jan 24 08:02:54 2014
04 Stack: Heartbeat
05 Current DC: node2 (43a4f083-c5d3-4c66-a387-b05d79b5dd89) - partition with quorum
06 Version: 1.0.12-unknown
07 2 Nodes configured, unknown expected votes
08 0 Resources configured.
09 ============
10
11 Online: [ node1 node2 ]

{heartbeat启动成功}

测试:

禁用stonith,创建一个虚拟ip资源vip

01 [root@node1 ~]# crm configure property stonith-enabled="false"
02 [root@node1 ~]# crm configure
03 crm(live)configure# primitive vip ocf:heartbeat:IPaddr2 \
04 >     params \
05 >         ip="192.168.100.90"\
06 >         nic="eth0"\
07 >         cidr_netmask="24"\
08 >     opstart   timeout="60s"interval="0s"on-fail="stop"\
09 >     opmonitor timeout="60s"interval="10s"on-fail="restart"\
10 >     opstop    timeout="60s"interval="0s"on-fail="block"
11 crm(live)configure# commit
12 crm(live)configure# quit
13 bye

01 [root@node2 heartbeat]# crm_mon -1
02 ============
03 Last updated: Fri Jan 24 08:23:09 2014
04 Stack: Heartbeat
05 Current DC: node2 (43a4f083-c5d3-4c66-a387-b05d79b5dd89) - partition with quorum
06 Version: 1.0.12-unknown
07 2 Nodes configured, unknown expected votes
08 1 Resources configured.
09 ============
10
11 Online: [ node1 node2 ]
12
13 vip (ocf::heartbeat:IPaddr2): Started node1

{vip资源在node1上运行}

1 [root@node1 ~]# ping 192.168.100.90
2 PING 192.168.100.90 (192.168.100.90) 56(84) bytes of data.
3 64 bytes from 192.168.100.90: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.060 ms
4 64 bytes from 192.168.100.90: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.111 ms
5 64 bytes from 192.168.100.90: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.123 ms


模拟node1故障

01 [root@node1 ~]# service heartbeat stop
02
03 [root@node2 heartbeat]# crm_mon -1
04 ============
05 Last updated: Fri Jan 24 08:22:22 2014
06 Stack: Heartbeat
07 Current DC: node2 (43a4f083-c5d3-4c66-a387-b05d79b5dd89) - partition with quorum
08 Version: 1.0.12-unknown
09 2 Nodes configured, unknown expected votes
10 1 Resources configured.
11 ============
12
13 Online: [ node2 ]
14 OFFLINE: [ node1 ]
15
16 vip (ocf::heartbeat:IPaddr2): Started node2

{node2顺利接管资源vip}

重新恢复node1

01 [root@node1 ~]# service heartbeat start
02
03 [root@node2 heartbeat]# crm_mon -1
04 ============
05 Last updated: Fri Jan 24 08:23:09 2014
06 Stack: Heartbeat
07 Current DC: node2 (43a4f083-c5d3-4c66-a387-b05d79b5dd89) - partition with quorum
08 Version: 1.0.12-unknown
09 2 Nodes configured, unknown expected votes
10 1 Resources configured.
11 ============
12
13 Online: [ node1 node2 ]
14
15 vip (ocf::heartbeat:IPaddr2): Started node1

{node1顺利收回vip资源的接管权}

删除资源:

1 [root@node1 ~]# crm_resource -D -r vip -t primitive
2 [root@node1 ~]# crm_resource -L
3 NO resources configured

4.7 配置流复制

node1/node2上配置postgresql.conf/pg_hba.conf

01 postgresql.conf :
02 listen_addresses = '*'
03 port = 5432
04 wal_level = hot_standby
05 archive_mode = on
06 archive_command = 'test ! -f /opt/archivelog/%f && cp %p /opt/archivelog/%f'
07 max_wal_senders = 4
08 wal_keep_segments = 50
09 hot_standby = on
10
11 pg_hba.conf :
12 host    replication     postgres        192.168.2.0/24           trust


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