初接触Linux，LNMMP服务安装与构建
今天给大家带来的是LNMMP服务
一.LNMMP
什么是LNMMP？
LNMMP是相当于一个组合的名字，就像Beyond！每个人都是单独的个体，但组合起来就不是简单的1+1层次的问题。
LNMMP（Linux Nginx Memcached PHP/Perl/Python)的一套组合构架。主要是实现互联网WEB服务的一套组建，和之前说过的LAMP有着很大的相同性，且又有从根本上的区别！！
二.安装各个组件
安装Nginx
①安装前需要的程序开发组建
yum -y groupinstall "Development Tools" "Server Platform Deveopment" yum -y install openssl-devel pcre-devel
②安装前创建nginx用户和nginx组，因为创建用户时会直接以相同的名字创建一个组，所以不用再单独创建一个组。
useradd -r -g nginx nginx
③解压nginx包，并移动到解压的文件中
tar xf nginx-1.4.7.tar.gz cd nginx-1.4.7
④执行编译命令
./configure --prefix=/usr --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log --pid-path=/var/run/nginx/nginx.pid --lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/client/ --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/proxy/ --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/fcgi/ --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/uwsgi --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/scgi
--prefix=
/usr
安装的目录
--sbin-path=
/usr/sbin/nginx
执行程序
--conf-path=
/etc/nginx/nginx
.conf 配置文件
--error-log-path=
/var/log/nginx/error
.log 错误日志
--http-log-path=
/var/log/nginx/access
.log 访问日志
--pid-path=
/var/run/nginx/nginx
.pid pid文件
--lock-path=
/var/lock/nginx
.lock 锁文件
--user=nginx 运行程序所使用的用户
--group=nginx 运行程序的所以用的组
--with-http_ssl_module 启用SSL认证模块
--with-http_flv_module 启用流媒体模块
--with-http_gzip_static_module 启用静态页面压缩
--http-client-body-temp-path=
/var/tmp/nginx/client/
HTTP包体
--http-proxy-temp-path=
/var/tmp/nginx/proxy/
临时文件
--http-fastcgi-temp-path=
/var/tmp/nginx/fcgi/
接收到FastCGI服务器数据，并临时存放的目录
⑤添加Nginx脚本
vim /etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx
#!/bin/sh
#
# nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemon
#
# chkconfig: - 85 15
# description: Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \
# proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server
# processname: nginx
# config: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
# config: /etc/sysconfig/nginx
# pidfile: /var/run/nginx.pid
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
# Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network
# Check that networking is up.
[ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0
nginx="/usr/sbin/nginx"
prog=$(basename $nginx)
NGINX_CONF_FILE="/etc/nginx/nginx.conf"
[ -f /etc/sysconfig/nginx ] && . /etc/sysconfig/nginx
lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/nginx
make_dirs() {
# make required directories
user=`nginx -V 2>&1 | grep "configure arguments:" | sed 's/[^*]*--user=\([^ ]*\).*/\1/g' -`
options=`$nginx -V 2>&1 | grep 'configure arguments:'`
for opt in $options; do
if [ `echo $opt | grep '.*-temp-path'` ]; then
value=`echo $opt | cut -d "=" -f 2`
if [ ! -d "$value" ]; then
# echo "creating" $value
mkdir -p $value && chown -R $user $value
fi
fi
done
}
start() {
[ -x $nginx ] || exit 5
[ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6
make_dirs
echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
retval=$?
echo
[ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile
return $retval
}
stop() {
echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
killproc $prog -QUIT
retval=$?
echo
[ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile
return $retval
}
restart() {
configtest || return $?
stop
sleep 1
start
}
reload() {
configtest || return $?
echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
killproc $nginx -HUP
RETVAL=$?
echo
}
force_reload() {
restart
}
configtest() {
$nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
}
rh_status() {
status $prog
}
rh_status_q() {
rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1
}
case "$1" in
start)
rh_status_q && exit 0
$1
;;
stop)
rh_status_q || exit 0
$1
;;
restart|configtest)
$1
;;
reload)
rh_status_q || exit 7
$1
;;
force-reload)
force_reload
;;
status)
rh_status
;;
condrestart|try-restart)
rh_status_q || exit 0
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}"
exit 2
esac
⑥加入自动开机启动列表和验证，并启动服务
chomd +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx chkconfig --add nginx chkconfig nginx on chkconfig --list |grep nginx nginx 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
service nginx start Starting nginx: [ OK ]
安装MariaDB
①安装前依所需要的包组
yum install -y cmake
②添加mysql用户
useradd -r -g mysql mysql
③解压并安装
cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mari -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/mariadb/data -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_READLINE=1 -DWITH_SSL=system -DWITH_ZLIB=system -DWITH_LIBWRAP=0 -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci make && make install
④创建数据库目录及改变权限
mkdir -p /mariadb/data chown -R mysql.mysql /mariadb/ cd /usr/local/ chown -R mysql.mysql mari/
⑤添加MariaDB的服务脚本
cd /usr/local/maria/ cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/maria chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/maria chkconfig --add maria chkconfig maria on chkconfig --list |grep maria maria 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
⑦修改其配置文件
cp support-files/my-large.cnf /etc/my.cnf vim /etc/my.cnf grep -v "#" /etc/my.cnf |grep -v "^$" [client] port = 3306 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock [mysqld] port = 3306 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock skip-external-locking key_buffer_size = 256M max_allowed_packet = 1M table_open_cache = 256 sort_buffer_size = 1M read_buffer_size = 1M read_rnd_buffer_size = 4M myisam_sort_buffer_size = 64M thread_cache_size = 8 query_cache_size= 16M thread_concurrency = 4 datadir=/mariadb/data log-bin=mysql-bin binlog_format=mixed server-id = 1 [mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet = 16M [mysql] no-auto-rehash [myisamchk] key_buffer_size = 128M sort_buffer_size = 128M read_buffer = 2M write_buffer = 2M [mysqlhotcopy] interactive-timeout
⑧初始化，导出库文件,变量及帮助手册
scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/mariadb/data/ #echo "export PATH=/usr/local/maria/bin:$PATH" >/etc/profile.d/mysql.sh #source /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh #echo "MANPATH /usr/local/maria/man" >> /etc/man.config #ln -s lib /usr/include/mysql
⑨启动MariaDB服务
service mari start Starting MySQL.................... [ OK ]
安装PHP和Xcache
①安装前所需要解决的包组
yum install bzip2-devel -y
②解决依赖关系
wget http://xmlsoft.org/sources/libxml2-2.9.0.tar.gz tar xf libxml2-2.9.0.tar.gz cd libxml2-2.9.0 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libxml make && make install wget ftp://mcrypt.hellug.gr/pub/crypto/mcrypt/attic/libmcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.7.tar.gz tar xf libmcrypt-2.5.7.tar.gz cd libmcrypt-2.5.7 ./configure make && make install
③解压编译PHP
tar xf php-5.4.26.tar.bz2 cd php-5.4.26 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-mysql=mysqlnd --with-openssl --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd --with-mysqli=mysqlnd --enable-mbstring --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr/local/libxml --enable-xml --enable-sockets --enable-fpm --with-mcrypt --with-config-file-path=/etc --with-config-file-scan-dir=/etc/php.d --with-bz2 make && make install
④添加脚本并设置开机自动启动
cp php.ini-production /etc/php.ini cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm chkconfig --add php-fpm chkconfig --list |grep php-fpm php-fpm 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
⑤编辑配置文件
cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf #vim /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf [root@essun php-5.4.26]# grep -v "^;" /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf |grep -v "^$" [global] pid = /usr/local/php/var/run/php-fpm.pid error_log = log/php-fpm.log process.max = 128 [www] user = nobody group = nobody listen = 192.168.1.107:9000 listen.backlog = 128 pm = dynamic pm.max_children = 50 pm.start_servers = 5 pm.min_spare_servers = 2 pm.max_spare_servers = 6
⑥启动php-fpm程序
service php-fpm start Starting php-fpm done ss -tnl |grep 9000 LISTEN 0 128 192.168.1.107:9000 *:*
⑦安装Xcache
tar xf xcache-3.1.0.tar.bz2 cd xcache-3.1.0 usr/local/php/bin/phpize ./configure --enable-xcache --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config make && make install #将最后一行生成的类似“/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20100525/”复制到后面的xcache.ini文件中 mkdir /etc/php.d cp xcache.ini /etc/php.d/ vim /etc/php.d/xcache.ini [xcache-common] ;; non-Windows example: extension = /usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20100525/xcache.so #如果有多个"extension ="，请将复制的记录放在第一条！
⑧修改Nginx配置文件
vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
grep -v "#" /etc/nginx/nginx.conf |grep -v "^$"
worker_processes 1;
error_log logs/error.log notice;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
sendfile on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root html;
index index.php index.html index.htm;
}
error_page 404 /404.html;
location = /404.html {
root html;
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
location ~ \.php$ {
root html;
fastcgi_pass 192.168.1.107:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
}
}
⑨写一个验证的网页页面
#eradd -r -g nginx nginx
#dir -p /usr/html
chown -R nginx.nginx /usr/html
vim /usr/html/index.php
<?php
phpinfo();
?>
⑩重启php-fpm程序
service php-fpm restart
①①测试与数据库的链接
vim /usr/html/index.php
<?php
$link = mysql_connect('192.168.9.31','root','ctrlaltdel');
if ($link)
echo "Success...";
else
echo "Failure...";
mysql_close();
?>
①②下载wordpress，解压并安装
tar xf wordpress-3.9-zh_CN.tar.gz -C /usr/html/
cd /usr/html/wordpress
cp wp-config-sample.php wp-config.php
vim wp-config.php
<?php
/**
* WordPress基础配置文件。
*
* 本文件包含以下配置选项：MySQL设置、数据库表名前缀、密钥、
* WordPress语言设定以及ABSPATH。如需更多信息，请访问
* {@link http://codex.wordpress.org/zh-cn:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91_wp-config.php
* 编辑wp-config.php}Codex页面。MySQL设置具体信息请咨询您的空间提供商。
*
* 这个文件被安装程序用于自动生成wp-config.php配置文件，
* 您可以手动复制这个文件，并重命名为“wp-config.php”，然后填入相关信息。
*
* @package WordPress
*/
// ** MySQL 设置 - 具体信息来自您正在使用的主机 ** //
/** WordPress数据库的名称 */
define('DB_NAME', 'wordpress');
/** MySQL数据库用户名 */
define('DB_USER', 'root');
/** MySQL数据库密码 */
define('DB_PASSWORD', 'ctrlaltdel');
/** MySQL主机 */
define('DB_HOST', '192.168.9.31');
......省略中........
安装Memcached
①先安装所需要的包组
yum install -y libevent-devel
②编译安装
tar xf memcached-1.4.17.tar.gz cd memcached-1.4.17 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/memcached make && make install
③更新二进制，帮助文件及库文件
echo "export PATH=/usr/local/memcached/bin:$PATH" > /etc/profile.d/memcache.sh cat /etc/profile.d/memcache.sh export PATH=/usr/local/memcached/bin:/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/lib64/qt-3.3/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin:/root/bin . /etc/profile.d/memcache.sh /share/man" >> /etc/man.config ln -s include/memcached /usr/include/memcache
④启动Memcached
useradd -r memcached memcached -u memcached
⑤为php安装扩展memcache模块
tar xf memcache-2.2.7.tgz cd memcache-2.2.7 /usr/local/php/bin/phpize Configuring for: PHP Api Version: 20100412 Zend Module Api No: 20100525 Zend Extension Api No: 220100525 ./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config --enable-memcache make && make install
⑥编辑测试页面
vim /usr/html/wordpress/testmemcached.php
<?php
$mem = new memcache;
$mem->connect("192.168.9.21", 11211) or die("Could not connect");
$version = $mem->getVersion();
echo "Server's version: ".$version."<br/>\n";
$mem->set('hellokey', 'Hello World', 0, 600) or die("Failed to save data at the memcached server");
echo "Store data in the cache (data will expire in 600 seconds)<br/>\n";
$get_result = $mem->get('hellokey');
echo "$get_result is from memcached server.";
?>
⑦查看刚才的动作是否被缓存
telnet 127.0.0.1 11211
安装Memadmin
tar xf memadmin-1.0.12.tar.gz cd memadmin mv memadmin /usr/html/
打开页面，点击开始管理就能看到监控memcached的一切数据，而且还是中文界面的呦！！！