Log4j Source Analysis (2)

2、Log4j在程序中的使用
要在自己的程序中使用Log4j，首先需要将commons-logging.jar和logging-log4j-1.2.9.jar导入到构建路径中。然后再将log4j.properties放到src根目录下。这样就可以在程序中使用log4j了。在类中使用log4j， 首先声明一个静态变量 Logger logger=Logger.getLog("classname")；现在就可以使用了，用法如下：logger.debug("debug message")或者logger.info("info message")，看下面一个小例子：

import com.foo.Bar;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.apache.log4j.PropertyConfigurator;
public class MyApp {
    static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(MyApp.class.getName());
    public static void main(String[] args) {
      // BasicConfigurator replaced with PropertyConfigurator.
      PropertyConfigurator.configure(args[0]);
      logger.info("Entering application.");
      Bar bar = new Bar();
      bar.doIt();
      logger.info("Exiting application.");
    }
}

log4j.rootLogger=DEBUG,CONSOLE,DATABASE,FILE
log4j.addivity.org.apache=true

# 应用于控制台
log4j.appender.CONSOLE=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.CONSOLE.Threshold=INFO
log4j.appender.CONSOLE.Target=System.out
log4j.appender.CONSOLE.Encoding=GBK
log4j.appender.CONSOLE.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.CONSOLE.layout.ConversionPattern=[framework] %d - %c -%-4r [%t] %-5p %c %x - %m%n

# 用于数据库
log4j.appender.DATABASE=org.apache.log4j.jdbc.JDBCAppender
log4j.appender.DATABASE.URL=jdbc:oracle:thin:@192.168.0.103:1521:ORCL
log4j.appender.DATABASE.driver=oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver
log4j.appender.DATABASE.user=Nation
log4j.appender.DATABASE.password=1
log4j.appender.CONSOLE.Threshold=WARN
log4j.appender.DATABASE.sql=INSERT INTO LOG4J(stamp,thread, infolevel,class,messages) VALUES ('%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss}', '%t', '%p', '%l', '%m')
# INSERT INTO LOG4J (Message) VALUES ('[framework] %d - %c -%-4r [%t] %-5p %c %x - %m%n')
# 写入数据库中的表LOG4J的Message字段中，内容％d（日期）%c: 日志信息所在地（类名）%p: 日志信息级别%m: 产生的日志具体信息 %n: 输出日志信息换行
log4j.appender.DATABASE.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.DATABASE.layout.ConversionPattern=[framework] %d - %c -%-4r [%t] %-5p %c %x - %m%n

# 每天新建日志
log4j.appender.A1=org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender
log4j.appender.A1.File=C:/log4j/log
log4j.appender.A1.Encoding=GBK
log4j.appender.A1.Threshold=DEBUG
log4j.appender.A1.DatePattern='.'yyyy-MM-dd
log4j.appender.A1.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.A1.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{ABSOLUTE} %5p %c{1}:%L : %m%n

#应用于文件
log4j.appender.FILE=org.apache.log4j.FileAppender
log4j.appender.FILE.File=C:/log4j/file.log
log4j.appender.FILE.Append=false
log4j.appender.FILE.Encoding=GBK
log4j.appender.FILE.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.FILE.layout.ConversionPattern=[framework] %d - %c -%-4r [%t] %-5p %c %x - %m%n

# 应用于文件回滚
log4j.appender.ROLLING_FILE=org.apache.log4j.RollingFileAppender
log4j.appender.ROLLING_FILE.Threshold=ERROR
log4j.appender.ROLLING_FILE.File=rolling.log
log4j.appender.ROLLING_FILE.Append=true
log4j.appender.CONSOLE_FILE.Encoding=GBK
log4j.appender.ROLLING_FILE.MaxFileSize=10KB
log4j.appender.ROLLING_FILE.MaxBackupIndex=1
log4j.appender.ROLLING_FILE.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.ROLLING_FILE.layout.ConversionPattern=[framework] %d - %c -%-4r [%t] %-5p %c %x - %m%n

#自定义Appender
log4j.appender.im = net.cybercorlin.util.logger.appender.IMAppender
log4j.appender.im.host = mail.cybercorlin.net
log4j.appender.im.username = username
log4j.appender.im.password = password
log4j.appender.im.recipient = [email protected]
log4j.appender.im.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.im.layout.ConversionPattern =[framework] %d - %c -%-4r [%t] %-5p %c %x - %m%n

#应用于socket
log4j.appender.SOCKET=org.apache.log4j.RollingFileAppender
log4j.appender.SOCKET.RemoteHost=localhost
log4j.appender.SOCKET.Port=5001
log4j.appender.SOCKET.LocationInfo=true
# Set up for Log Facter 5
log4j.appender.SOCKET.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.SOCET.layout.ConversionPattern=[start]%d{DATE}[DATE]%n%p[PRIORITY]%n%x[NDC]%n%t[THREAD]%n%c[CATEGORY]%n%m[MESSAGE]%n%n
# Log Factor 5 Appender
log4j.appender.LF5_APPENDER=org.apache.log4j.lf5.LF5Appender
log4j.appender.LF5_APPENDER.MaxNumberOfRecords=2000

# 发送日志给邮件
log4j.appender.MAIL=org.apache.log4j.net.SMTPAppender
log4j.appender.MAIL.Threshold=FATAL
log4j.appender.MAIL.BufferSize=10
[email protected]
log4j.appender.MAIL.SMTPHost=www.wusetu.com
log4j.appender.MAIL.Subject=Log4J Message
[email protected]
log4j.appender.MAIL.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.MAIL.layout.ConversionPattern=[framework] %d - %c -%-4r [%t] %-5p %c %x - %m%n

在实际编程时，要使Log4j真正在系统中运行事先还要对配置文件进行定义。定义步骤就是对Logger、Appender及Layout的分别使用。Log4j支持两种配置文件格式，一种是XML格式的文件，一种是java properties（key=value）【Java特性文件（键=值）】。（这里只说明properties文件）