搭建PXE 实现自动装机
PXE自动装机是通过网络来实现的，需要装机的电脑从PXE服务器上获得IP，引导文件，系统安装文件，这些都是在PEX服务器上设置的，而需要装机的电脑只要设置为网络启动就可以了，可在BIOS中设置。想从服务器上获得IP就需要DHCP服务，通信需要TFTP服务，共享安装文件需要NFS、FTP、SAMBA都可以，选一种即可。这样就可以网络引导和安装了，但并不是自动的，想实现自动安装系统，还需要自动安装的配置文件，在里面写上，安装信息，分区大小，安装组件等等。这个配置文件可以通过SYSTEM-CONFIG-KICKSTART来生成ks.cfg文件。
实验拓扑：
-----PXE Server（vmnet1）-------------Client（vmnet1）------
实验一：搭建PXE Server
服务器IP为192.168.10.253，可以给192.168.10.0/24安装 RHEL5.9
分别给每台客户端分配主机名，格式如下(1-100)
stationx.tarena.com 192.168.10.x
安装所需要的软件包存放在/data/iso/rhel5.9
前期准备：
1、设置网络参数
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth0 | grep "inetaddr"
inet addr:192.168.10.253 Bcast:192.168.10.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network
NETWORKING=yes
NETWORKING_IPV6=yes
HOSTNAME=server01.example.com
[root@localhost ~]# grep server01 /etc/hosts
192.168.10.253 server01.example.com server01
2、创建YUM源
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /data/iso/rhel5.9
[root@localhost ~]# cp -rpf /misc/cd/* /data/iso/rhel5.9/
3、配置YUM客户端
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[[email protected]]# cprhel-debuginfo.repo rhel5.9.repo
[[email protected]]# cat rhel5.9.repo
[rhel-server]
name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server
baseurl=file:///data/iso/rhel5.9/Server
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release
实验步骤：
1、配置DHCP（给需要安装系统的主机分配ip）
[root@server01 ~]# rpm -q dhcp
packagedhcp is not installed
[root@server01 ~]# yum -y install dhcp
[root@server01 ~]# cat /etc/dhcpd.conf
ddns-update-style interim;
default-lease-time 21600;
max-lease-time 43200;
option routers 192.168.10.254;
option domain-name "tarena.com";
option domain-name-servers 192.168.10.253;
next-server 192.168.10.253;
filename "pxelinux.0";
subnet 192.168.10.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
range dynamic-bootp 192.168.10.1 192.168.10.100;
}
[root@server01 ~]# servicedhcpd restart
[root@server01 ~]# chkconfigdhcpd on
[root@server01 ~]# netstat -tulnp | grep :67
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:67 0.0.0.0:* 5219/dhcpd
2、配置DNS
[root@server01 ~]# rpm -q bind bind-chroot caching-nameserver
package bind is not installed
package bind-chroot is not installed
package caching-nameserver is not installed
[root@server01 ~]# yum -y install bind bind-chroot caching- nameserver
[root@server01 ~]# cd /var/named/chroot/etc/
[root@server01 etc]# cp -p named.caching-nameserver.confnamed.conf
[root@server01 etc]# vimnamed.conf
...
15 listen-on port 53 { 192.168.10.253; };
16 // listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; };
...
27 allow-query { any; };
28 allow-query-cache { any; };
...
37 match-clients { any; };
38 match-destinations { any; };
[root@server01 etc]# vim named.rfc1912.zones
...
51 zone "tarena.com" IN {
52 type master;
53 file "tarena.com.zone";
54 };
[root@server01 etc]# named-checkconfnamed.conf
[root@server01 etc]# cd /var/named/chroot/var/named/
[root@server01 named]# cp -p named.localtarena.com.zone
[root@server01 named]# cattarena.com.zone
$TTL 86400
@ IN SOA localhost. root.localhost. (
2014061801 ; Serial
28800 ; Refresh
14400 ; Retry
3600000 ; Expire
86400 ) ; Minimum
IN NS server01.tarena.com.
server01 IN A 192.168.10.253
$GENERATE 1-100 station$ IN A 192.168.10.$
[root@server01 named]# named-checkzonetarena.com tarena.com.zone
zone tarena.com/IN: loaded serial 2014061801
OK
[root@server01 named]# service named restart
[root@server01 named]# chkconfig named on
3、配置TFTP
[root@server01 ~]# rpm -q tftp-server
tftp-server-0.49-2
[root@server01 ~]# vim /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
...
13 server_args = -s /tftpboot
14 disable = no
...
[root@server01 ~]# servicexinetd restart
[root@server01 ~]# chkconfigxinetd on
[root@server01 ~]# netstat -tulnp | grepxinetd
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:69 0.0.0.0:* 5842/xinetd
[root@server01 ~]# rpm -ql syslinux | grep pxelinux.0
/usr/share/syslinux/gpxelinux.0
/usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0
[root@server01 ~]# mkdir /tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg
[root@server01 ~]# cp /data/iso/rhel5.9/isolinux/isolinux.cfg /tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
[root@server01 ~]# cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /tftpboot/
[root@server01 ~]# cp /data/iso/rhel5.9/isolinux/vmlinuz /tftpboot/
[root@server01 ~]# cp /data/iso/rhel5.9/isolinux/initrd.img /tftpboot/
4、配置NFS共享
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/exports
/data/iso/rhel5.9 *(ro)
[root@localhost ~]# serviceportmap restart
[root@localhost ~]# servicenfs restart
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfigportmap on
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfignfs on
或者配置FTP
[root@server01 ~]# yum -y install vsftpd
[root@server01 ~]# tail -n 1 /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
anon_root=/data/iso/rhel5.9
[root@server01 ~]# servicevsftpd restart
[root@server01 ~]# chkconfigvsftpd on
在或者配置HTTP
[root@server01 ~]# yum -y install httpd
[root@server01 ~]# grepDocumentRoot /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf | grep -v "^#"
DocumentRoot "/data/iso/rhel5.9"
[root@server01 ~]# grep Indexes /etc/httpd/conf.d/welcome.conf
Options Indexes
[root@server01 ~]# servicehttpd restart
[root@server01 ~]# chkconfighttpd on
实验二：通过Kickstart实现无人值守安装（接着实验一）
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install system-config-kickstart
操作过程见图片
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install httpd
[root@localhost ~]# cp /root/ks.cfg /var/www/html/
[root@localhost ~]# servicehttpd restart
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfighttpd on
[root@localhost ~]# vim /var/www/html/ks.cfg
在文件中添加key --skip 跳过注册
[root@server01 ~]# vim /tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
...
10 label linux
11 kernel vmlinuz
12 append initrd=initrd.imgks=http://192.168.10.253/ks.cfg
ks=nfs:/192.168.10.253:/ks.cfg