创建分区、格式化分区、挂载分区
大致思路：
1.查看分区状态
2.创建分区
3.重新加载分区表
4.格式化分区
5.挂载分区到目录
查看当前分区状态：
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -cul Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders, total 41943040 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00078e53 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 616447 307200 83 Linux /dev/sda2 616448 37814271 18598912 83 Linux /dev/sda3 37814272 41943039 2064384 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes 139 heads, 49 sectors/track, 6158 cylinders, total 41943040 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x1d3fabd1 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 2048 20973567 10485760 83 Linux
为第二块磁盘进行分区：
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -cu /dev/sdb
Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 2
First sector (20973568-41943039, default 20973568):
Using default value 20973568
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (20973568-41943039, default 41943039): +5G
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
分区后查看当前分区状态：
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -cul Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders, total 41943040 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00078e53 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 616447 307200 83 Linux /dev/sda2 616448 37814271 18598912 83 Linux /dev/sda3 37814272 41943039 2064384 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders, total 41943040 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x1d3fabd1 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 2048 20973567 10485760 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 20973568 31459327 5242880 83 Linux
尝试格式化新分区失败，原因是被分区所在设备有分区被挂载，并且需要内核重新读取新的分区表：
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb2 mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) Could not stat /dev/sdb2 --- No such file or directory The device apparently does not exist; did you specify it correctly? [root@localhost ~]# partprobe /dev/sdb Warning: WARNING: the kernel failed to re-read the partition table on /dev/sdb (Device or resource busy). As a result, it may not reflect all of your changes until after reboot. [root@localhost ~]# umount /data1 [root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb2 mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) Could not stat /dev/sdb2 --- No such file or directory The device apparently does not exist; did you specify it correctly?
不重启系统，让内核立即读取新的分区表，识别新分区：
[root@localhost ~]# partprobe /dev/sdb
格式化文件系统：
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb2 mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 327680 inodes, 1310720 blocks 65536 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=1342177280 40 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 8192 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736 Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (32768 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done This filesystem will be automatically checked every 35 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
创建挂载目录：
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /data2
将sdb2挂载至/data2目录：
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sdb2 /data2/ [root@localhost ~]# cd /
创建测试文件：
[root@localhost /]# ls -l > /data2/test.txt
查看测试文件：
[root@localhost /]# cat /data2/test.txt total 94 dr-xr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jul 24 17:41 bin dr-xr-xr-x. 5 root root 1024 Jul 25 00:06 boot drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jul 25 00:46 data1 drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 Jul 25 00:59 data2 drwxr-xr-x. 18 root root 3860 Jul 25 00:57 dev drwxr-xr-x. 94 root root 4096 Jul 25 00:58 etc drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 4096 Jul 24 23:49 home dr-xr-xr-x. 17 root root 12288 Jul 24 17:40 lib drwx------. 2 root root 16384 Jul 24 23:52 lost+found drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Sep 23 2011 media drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 Jul 25 00:08 mnt drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 Jul 24 16:09 opt dr-xr-xr-x. 164 root root 0 Jul 25 00:26 proc dr-xr-x---. 2 root root 4096 Jul 25 00:13 root dr-xr-xr-x. 2 root root 12288 Jul 24 23:19 sbin drwxr-xr-x. 7 root root 0 Jul 25 00:26 selinux drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Sep 23 2011 srv drwxr-xr-x. 13 root root 0 Jul 25 00:26 sys drwxrwxrwt. 19 root root 4096 Jul 25 00:51 tmp drwxr-xr-x. 12 root root 4096 Jul 24 23:53 usr drwxr-xr-x. 21 root root 4096 Jul 25 00:05 var
卸载sdb2文件系统：
[root@localhost /]#umount /dev/sdb2
删除分区：
fdisk -cu /dev/sdb 命令执行后有删除分区的选项
格式化swap分区：
mkswap命令