linux学习命令总结⑧

#chown命令：通过chown改变文件的属主和属组。在更改文件的属主或所属组时，可以使用用户名称和用户识别码设置。普通用户不能将自己的文件改变成其他的属主。其操作权限一般为管理员。

修改文件属主和属组：

[root@VM_168_102_centos ~]# ls -l 
total 8
drwxr-xr-x 2 wanghan hx      4096 Aug 12 10:32 abe
drwxr-xr-x 2 root    wanghan 4096 Aug 12 10:32 xab
[root@VM_168_102_centos ~]# chown root:root abe
[root@VM_168_102_centos ~]# ls -l
total 8
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root    4096 Aug 12 10:32 abe
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wanghan 4096 Aug 12 10:32 xab

[root@VM_168_102_centos ~]# chown user1:wanghan abe
[root@VM_168_102_centos ~]# ls -l
total 8
drwxr-xr-x 2 user1 wanghan 4096 Aug 12 10:32 abe
drwxr-xr-x 2 root  wanghan 4096 Aug 12 10:32 xab

仅修改文件属组:

[root@VM_168_102_centos ~]# ls -l
total 8
drwxr-xr-x 2 user1 wanghan 4096 Aug 12 10:32 abe
drwxr-xr-x 2 root  wanghan 4096 Aug 12 10:32 xab
[root@VM_168_102_centos ~]# chown :root abe
[root@VM_168_102_centos ~]# ls -l
total 8
drwxr-xr-x 2 user1 root    4096 Aug 12 10:32 abe
drwxr-xr-x 2 root  wanghan 4096 Aug 12 10:32 xab

修改文件属主且属组自动修改成其属主对应的属组

[root@VM_168_102_centos ~]# ls -l
total 8
drwxr-xr-x 2 user1 root    4096 Aug 12 10:32 abe
drwxr-xr-x 2 root  wanghan 4096 Aug 12 10:32 xab
[root@VM_168_102_centos ~]# chown wanghan: abe
[root@VM_168_102_centos ~]# ls -l
total 8
drwxr-xr-x 2 wanghan hx      4096 Aug 12 10:32 abe
drwxr-xr-x 2 root    wanghan 4096 Aug 12 10:32 xab

chown �CR：递归处理文件的属主或属组

[root@VM_168_102_centos tmp]# ls -l
total 4
srwxrwxrwx 1 root    root       0 Aug  9 10:05 agent_cmd.sock
-rw------- 1 root    root       0 Aug  4 13:58 ap_1014.pid
drwxr-xr-x 3 wanghan wanghan 4096 Aug 11 15:52 ceshi
[root@VM_168_102_centos tmp]# ls -l ceshi/
total 4
drwxr-xr-x 2 wanghan wanghan 4096 Aug 11 15:52 123
[root@VM_168_102_centos tmp]# chown -R root:root ceshi/
[root@VM_168_102_centos tmp]# ls -l 
total 4
srwxrwxrwx 1 root root    0 Aug  9 10:05 agent_cmd.sock
-rw------- 1 root root    0 Aug  4 13:58 ap_1014.pid
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Aug 11 15:52 ceshi
[root@VM_168_102_centos tmp]# ls -l ceshi/
total 4
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Aug 11 15:52 123

#chgrp命令：修改文件属组

[root@VM_168_102_centos tmp]# ls -l 
total 4
srwxrwxrwx 1 root root    0 Aug  9 10:05 agent_cmd.sock
-rw------- 1 root root    0 Aug  4 13:58 ap_1014.pid
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Aug 11 15:52 ceshi
[root@VM_168_102_centos tmp]# chgrp wanghan ceshi
[root@VM_168_102_centos tmp]# ls -l
total 4
srwxrwxrwx 1 root root       0 Aug  9 10:05 agent_cmd.sock
-rw------- 1 root root       0 Aug  4 13:58 ap_1014.pid
drwxr-xr-x 3 root wanghan 4096 Aug 11 15:52 ceshi

chgrp -R：递归处理

[root@VM_168_102_centos tmp]# ls -l
total 4
srwxrwxrwx 1 root root    0 Aug  9 10:05 agent_cmd.sock
-rw------- 1 root root    0 Aug  4 13:58 ap_1014.pid
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Aug 11 15:52 ceshi
[root@VM_168_102_centos tmp]# ls -l ceshi/
total 4
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Aug 11 15:52 123
[root@VM_168_102_centos tmp]# chgrp -R user1 ceshi/
[root@VM_168_102_centos tmp]# ls -l
total 4
srwxrwxrwx 1 root root     0 Aug  9 10:05 agent_cmd.sock
-rw------- 1 root root     0 Aug  4 13:58 ap_1014.pid
drwxr-xr-x 3 root user1 4096 Aug 11 15:52 ceshi
[root@VM_168_102_centos tmp]# ls -l ceshi/
total 4
drwxr-xr-x 2 root user1 4096 Aug 11 15:52 123

#chmod命令：修改文件与文件夹权限

操作指定类别用户的权限：使用u,g,o,a来赋权,基于=或+/-来进行

[root@VM_168_102_centos ~]# ls -l 
total 8
dr-----r-- 2 root wanghan 4096 Aug 12 10:32 abe
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wanghan 4096 Aug 12 10:32 xab
[root@VM_168_102_centos ~]# chmod u=x,g=x,o=x abe
[root@VM_168_102_centos ~]# ls -l
total 8
d--x--x--x 2 root wanghan 4096 Aug 12 10:32 abe
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wanghan 4096 Aug 12 10:32 xab
[root@VM_168_102_centos ~]# chmod u+w,g+w,o+w abe
[root@VM_168_102_centos ~]# ls -l
total 8
d-wx-wx-wx 2 root wanghan 4096 Aug 12 10:32 abe
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wanghan 4096 Aug 12 10:32 xab
[root@VM_168_102_centos ~]# chmod a+r abe        
[root@VM_168_102_centos ~]# ls -l
total 8
drwxrwxrwx 2 root wanghan 4096 Aug 12 10:32 abe
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wanghan 4096 Aug 12 10:32 xab
[root@VM_168_102_centos ~]# chmod u-w,g-w,o-w abe
[root@VM_168_102_centos ~]# ls -l
total 8
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root wanghan 4096 Aug 12 10:32 abe
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wanghan 4096 Aug 12 10:32 xab

二进制：

[root@VM_168_102_centos ~]# ls -l 
total 8
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root wanghan 4096 Aug 12 10:32 abe
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wanghan 4096 Aug 12 10:32 xab
[root@VM_168_102_centos ~]# chmod 777 abe
[root@VM_168_102_centos ~]# ls -l
total 8
drwxrwxrwx 2 root wanghan 4096 Aug 12 10:32 abe
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wanghan 4096 Aug 12 10:32 xab
[root@VM_168_102_centos ~]# chmo 007 abe
-bash: chmo: command not found
[root@VM_168_102_centos ~]# chmod 07 abe
[root@VM_168_102_centos ~]# ls -l
total 8
d------rwx 2 root wanghan 4096 Aug 12 10:32 abe
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wanghan 4096 Aug 12 10:32 xab
[root@VM_168_102_centos ~]# chmod 777 abe
[root@VM_168_102_centos ~]# ls -l
total 8
drwxrwxrwx 2 root wanghan 4096 Aug 12 10:32 abe
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wanghan 4096 Aug 12 10:32 xab
[root@VM_168_102_centos ~]# chmod 007 abe
[root@VM_168_102_centos ~]# ls -l
total 8
d------rwx 2 root wanghan 4096 Aug 12 10:32 abe
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wanghan 4096 Aug 12 10:32 xab
[root@VM_168_102_centos ~]# chmod 101 abe
[root@VM_168_102_centos ~]# ls -l
total 8
d--x-----x 2 root wanghan 4096 Aug 12 10:32 abe
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wanghan 4096 Aug 12 10:32 xab

chmod --reference：参照其它文件的权限为当文件赋

[root@VM_168_102_centos ~]# ls -l
total 8
d--x-----x 2 root wanghan 4096 Aug 12 10:32 abe
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wanghan 4096 Aug 12 10:32 xab
[root@VM_168_102_centos ~]# chmod --reference xab abe
[root@VM_168_102_centos ~]# ls -l
total 8
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wanghan 4096 Aug 12 10:32 abe
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wanghan 4096 Aug 12 10:32 xab