一、NSclient++与nrpe
nagios对windows的监控主要有两种方法,一种是NSclient++,另一种是通过nrpe的方式来达到监控目的
NSclient++与nrpe最大的区别就是:
1、被监控机上安装有nrpe,并且还有插件,最终的监控是由这些插件来进行的.当监控主机将监控请求发给nrpe后,nrpe调用插件来完成监控.
2、NSclient++则不同,被监控机上只安装NSclient++,没有任何的插件.当监控主机将监控请求发给NSclient++后,NSclient++直接完成监控,所有的监控是由NSclient++完成的。
这也说明了NSclient++的一个很大的问题,不灵活,没有可扩展性.它只能完成自己本身包含的监控操作,不能由一些插件来扩展.好在NSclient++已经做的不错了,基本上可以完全满足我们的监控需要。
NSclient++的原理图
二、部署过程
1、在windows上安装NSclient++
(1)一直下一步
(2)设置nagios服务器IP地址
(3)检查NSclient++的端口是否成功开启
如果服务没有开启,就:win+r --> services.msc --> nsclient++ 开启服务即可
(4)防火墙打开tcp 12489端口
2、设置nagios服务器
(1)检测nagios命令是否可以正常监测windows主机
[root@cacti libexec]# ./check_nt -H 192.168.200.15 -p 12489 -s dianyi123 -v UPTIME System Uptime - 3 day(s) 12 hour(s) 32 minute(s) [root@cacti libexec]# [root@cacti libexec]# ./check_nt -H 192.168.200.15 -p 12489 -s dianyi123 -v CPULOAD -w 80 -c 90 -l 5,80,90 CPU Load 0% (5 min average) | '5 min avg Load'=0%;80;90;0;100 #-w 警告比例 -c 紧急比例 -l(小写L) 表示过去5分钟的平均值,80%为警告,90%为紧急 [root@cacti libexec]# [root@cacti libexec]# ./check_nt -H 192.168.200.15 -p 12489 -s dianyi123 -v USEDDISKSPACE -w 80 -c 90 -l C C:\ - total: 100.83 Gb - used: 13.71 Gb (14%) - free 87.12 Gb (86%) | 'C:\ Used Space'=13.71Gb;80.66;90.74;0.00;100.83
(2)定义命令、主机、服务
①、定义命令
[root@cacti ~]# vim /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/commands.cfg define command{ command_name check_win command_line $USER1$/check_nt -H "$HOSTADDRESS$" -p 12489 -s dianyi123 -v $ARG1$ $ARG2$ }
②、定义主机和服务
为了方便,主机和监控服务都定义在一个配置文件里面
首先创在/usr/local/nagios/etc建一个文件夹servers专门保存各服务器的配置文件,然后以服务器IP命名各服务器配置文件
这样的话,nagios.cfg里面就需要开启对servers目录的支持
[root@cacti etc]# pwd /usr/local/nagios/etc [root@cacti etc]# [root@cacti etc]# ls cgi.cfg htpasswd.users nagios.cfg objects resource.cfg servers [root@cacti etc]# [root@cacti etc]# vim nagios.cfg cfg_dir=/usr/local/nagios/etc/servers [root@cacti etc]# [root@cacti etc]# vim servers/192.168.200.15.cfg define host{ use windows-server ; Name of host template to use host_name 192.168.200.15 alias my computer address 192.168.200.15 } #define hostgroup{ # hostgroup_name windows-servers ; The name of the hostgroup # alias Windows Servers ; Long name of the group # } define service{ use generic-service host_name 192.168.200.15 service_description NSClient++ Version check_command check_win!CLIENTVERSION } define service{ use generic-service host_name 192.168.200.15 service_description Uptime check_command check_win!UPTIME } define service{ use generic-service host_name 192.168.200.15 service_description CPU Load check_command check_win!CPULOAD!-l 5,80,90 } define service{ use generic-service host_name 192.168.200.15 service_description Memory Usage check_command check_win!MEMUSE!-w 80 -c 90 } define service{ use generic-service host_name 192.168.200.15 service_description C:\ Drive Space check_command check_win!USEDDISKSPACE!-l c -w 80 -c 90 } define service{ use generic-service host_name 192.168.200.15 service_description D:\ Drive Space check_command check_win!USEDDISKSPACE!-l d -w 80 -c 90 } define service{ use generic-service host_name 192.168.200.15 service_description E:\ Drive Space check_command check_win!USEDDISKSPACE!-l e -w 80 -c 90 } #define service{ # use generic-service # host_name 192.168.200.15 # service_description W3SVC # check_command check_win!SERVICESTATE!-d SHOWALL -l W3SVC # } define service{ use generic-service host_name 192.168.200.15 service_description Explorer check_command check_win!PROCSTATE!-d SHOWALL -l Explorer.exe }
(3)检查配置文件有无错误
/usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios -v /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg
如果没有消息,那就是最好的消息,下一步,就可以重启nagios服务了
(4)重启nagios服务
[root@cacti ~]# service nagios restart Stopping nagios: [ OK ] Starting nagios: [ OK ]
三、nagios监控页面查看主机与服务
1、主机状态
2、服务状态
四、排错阶段
本次部署nagios监控windows主机主要碰到两个问题
1、主机状态(status)是down,而不是正常的up
原因:这种情况下,一般都是服务器禁ping了,监控服务器是通过ping服务来检查被监控服务器是否在线,当把windows服务器ping的回显请求开启后,监控成功
解决:win2008:服务器管理器――设置――高级安全windows防火墙――入站规则――找到“文件和打印机共享(回显请求-ICMPv4-in)”右击……选择“启用规则”
2、could not fetch information from server
当把第1个问题解决掉后,Status是UP起来了,可是所有的服务全部都是could not fetch information from server
原因:出现这种状况的原因是因为nagios服务器没有从被监控端服务器上获得相关数据,直接原因就是NSclient++的配置文件中Allowed hosts的IP没有设置正确
解决:NSclient++的配置文件中 Allowed hosts = nagios服务器IP
当时在安装NSclient++时,我的 Allowed hosts = 192.168.200.105 ,我的设置是正确的,但是为什么会变成15我也不知道为什么
五、nagios监控linux主机
1、服务端定义主机
define host{ use linux-server host_name 192.168.200.111 alias linux address 192.168.200.111 } define service{ use generic-service host_name 192.168.200.111 service_description root_/ check_command check_nrpe!check_xvda!5%!10% } define service{ use generic-service host_name 192.168.200.111 service_description /dev/xvdb2 check_command check_nrpe!check_xvdb2!5%!10% } define service{ use generic-service host_name 192.168.200.111 service_description Check Swap check_command check_nrpe!check_swap } define service{ use generic-service host_name 192.168.200.111 service_description total check_command check_nrpe!check_total_procs } define service{ use generic-service host_name 192.168.200.111 service_description check_load check_command check_nrpe!check_load } define service{ use generic-service host_name 192.168.200.111 service_description check_tcp_3306 check_command check_tcp!3306 } define service{ use generic-service host_name 192.168.200.111 service_description check_users check_command check_nrpe!check_users } define service{ use generic-service host_name 192.168.200.111 service_description check_mem check_command check_nrpe!check_mem } define service{ use generic-service host_name 192.168.200.111 service_description check_mysql check_command check_nrpe!check_mysql } define service{ use generic-service host_name 192.168.200.111 service_description check_mysql_slave check_command check_nrpe!check_mysql_slave } define service{ use generic-service host_name 192.168.200.111 service_description check_http 192.168.200.111/test.html check_command check_http!'-u /test.html' #nagios监控网页状态(如 200),在commands.cfg中有自带check_http命令,也可监控域名! }
2、客户端修改:vim /usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg
command[check_users]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_users -w 3 -c 5 command[check_load]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_load -w 15,10,5 -c 30,25,20 command[check_xvda]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_disk -w 10% -c 5% -p /dev/xvda command[check_zombie_procs]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_procs -w 5 -c 10 -s Z command[check_total_procs]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_procs -w 150 -c 200 command[check_xvdb2]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_disk -w 10% -c 5% -p /dev/xvdb2 #阿里云 command[check_swap]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_swap -w 20% -c 10% #/dev/xvdb1 分区做了swap command[check_mem]=/usr/bin/sudo /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_mem -w 20 -c 10 command[check_mysql]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_mysql -H 192.168.200.111 -unagios -dnagios_monitor -p dianyi123 command[check_mysql_slave]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_mysql_slave
3、在nrpe.cfg配置文件中允许nagios服务器IP
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg allowed_hosts=127.0.0.1,192.168.200.105
4、客户端以独立进程方式启动 nrpe
/usr/local/nagios/bin/nrpe -c /usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg -d
5、修改nagios的命令模板
[root@monitor ~]# vim /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/commands.cfg #添加以下一行 define command { command_name check_nrpe command_line $USER1$/check_nrpe -H $HOSTADDRESS$ -c $ARG1$ }
否则重启nagios会报错:
Error: Service check command 'check_nrpe!check_total_procs' specified in service 'total' for host '192.168.200.105' not defined anywhere!
6、服务端检测 :
/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_nrpe -H 192.168.200.111 -c check_sda
六、补充
1、nagios监控windows端口
基本上socket(收发通信协议)写的程序都会对应一个tcp端口出来,我们只要监控此端口就相当于监控了此程序;如FTP 21,pop 110,smtp 25 这些是常见的tcp端口,常见的端口一般nagios内都有定义的check_nt!,如果不是常见的端口,就需自定义程序的tcp端口。
在监控之前,要确认端口是打开的,可以在CMD中telnet一下端口
C:\Users\Administrator>telnet 192.168.200.15 3389
(1)定义命令
[root@cacti objects]# vim /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/commands.cfg define command{ command_name tcp3389 command_line $USER1$/check_tcp -H $HOSTADDRESS$ -p 3389 -v CLIENTVERSION }
(2)定义服务
主机已定义,主机和服务在一个配置文件里
[root@cacti servers]# vim /usr/local/nagios/etc/servers/192.168.200.15.cfg define service{ use generic-service host_name 192.168.200.15 service_description port3389 check_command tcp3389 }
(3)重启nagios服务
(4)查看验证
2、nagios监控linux端口
[root@cacti servers]# pwd /usr/local/nagios/etc/servers [root@cacti servers]# [root@cacti servers]# vim 192.168.200.18.cfg define service{ use generic-service host_name 192.168.200.18 service_description check_tcp_3306 check_command check_tcp!3306 } define service{ use generic-service host_name 192.168.200.18 service_description check_tcp_873 check_command check_tcp!873 } # [root@cacti ~]# service nagios restart
############# 如果监听的端口是这样的,而不是 *:5666 这样 ############### tcp LISTEN 0 50 61.138.78.59:7003 *:* tcp LISTEN 0 5 *:5666 *:* 则需要修改commands中的 $HOSTADDRESS$ 为61.138.78.59,然后修改command_name,再定义服务即可
3、nagios监控mysql主从同步
判断mysql的主从同步主要还是看那两个线程:Slave_IO线程和Slave_SQL线程,两个都是YES的话,就证明是没有问题的
MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 192.168.200.17 Master_User: doteyplay Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: master-bin.000008 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 1277 Relay_Log_File: relay-bin.000025 Relay_Log_Pos: 1486 Relay_Master_Log_File: master-bin.000008 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
第一部分:客户端配置
(1)在被监控的从服务器增加一个用户
MariaDB [(none)]> grant Replication client on *.* to nagios@localhost identified by 'nagios'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
(2)验证命名执行状态
[root@DBSlave ~]# mysql -unagios -pnagios -e "show slave status\G;" *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 192.168.200.17 Master_User: doteyplay Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: master-bin.000008 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 1277 Relay_Log_File: relay-bin.000025 Relay_Log_Pos: 1486 Relay_Master_Log_File: master-bin.000008 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
(3)编写脚本/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_mysql_slave(这是监控其作用的核心)
#!/bin/sh declare -a slave_is slave_is=($(/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -unagios -pnagios -e "show slave status\G"|grep Running |awk '{print $2}')) if [ "${slave_is[0]}" = "Yes" -a "${slave_is[1]}" = "Yes" ] then echo "OK C2-slave is running" exit 0 else echo "Critical C2-slave is error" exit 2 fi # [root@DBSlave libexec]# chmod +x check_mysql_slave #赋予执行权限 [root@DBSlave libexec]# chown nagios.nagios check_mysql_slave
(4)在从服务器安装 nrpe,然后在配置文件nrpe.cfg加入一行
[root@DBSlave ~]# vim /usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg command[check_mysql_slave]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_mysql_slave
(5)手动执行脚本,观察输出状态
[root@DBSlave libexec]# sh check_mysql_slave OK C2-slave is running
(6)检查被监控端的5666端口
[root@DBSlave libexec]# ss -antulp | grep 5666 tcp LISTEN 0 5 :::5666 :::* users:(("nrpe",26512,5)) tcp LISTEN 0 5 *:5666 *:* users:(("nrpe",26512,4)) [root@DBSlave libexec]# /usr/local/nagios/bin/nrpe -c /usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg -d
第二部分:服务端配置
(1)在监控机上检查是否可成功监控被监控机
[root@cacti ~]# /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_nrpe -H 192.168.200.18 -c check_mysql_slave NRPE: Command 'check_mysql_slave' not defined #遇到问题
排错:NRPE: Command
'check_mysql_slave'
not defined
[root@cacti ~]# /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_nrpe -H 192.168.200.18 NRPE v2.15
证明在被监测主机上配置的NRPE已经正常工作,并且监测主机能够通过SSL与被监测主机上的NRPE正常通信。
[root@DBSlave libexec]# ps -ef | grep nrpe root 10287 9703 0 12:01 pts/1 00:00:00 vim /usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg root 10522 9639 0 12:30 pts/0 00:00:00 grep nrpe nagios 26512 1 0 Aug15 ? 00:01:09 /usr/local/nagios/bin/nrpe -c /usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg -d #这里的nrpe是以独立进程运行的,而非守护进程。先kill一下nrpe再说 [root@DBSlave libexec]# [root@DBSlave libexec]# kill -9 26512 #kill nrpe进程 [root@DBSlave libexec]# [root@DBSlave libexec]# ps -ef | grep nrpe root 10287 9703 0 12:01 pts/1 00:00:00 vim /usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg root 10524 9639 0 12:31 pts/0 00:00:00 grep nrpe #kill 成功 [root@DBSlave libexec]# [root@DBSlave libexec]# [root@DBSlave libexec]# /usr/local/nagios/bin/nrpe -c /usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg -d #重启nrpe [root@DBSlave libexec]# [root@DBSlave libexec]# ps -ef | grep nrpe root 10287 9703 0 12:01 pts/1 00:00:00 vim /usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg nagios 10526 1 0 12:31 ? 00:00:00 /usr/local/nagios/bin/nrpe -c /usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg -d root 10528 9639 0 12:31 pts/0 00:00:00 grep nrpe
再次在监控端测试
[root@cacti ~]# /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_nrpe -H 192.168.200.18 -c check_mysql_slave OK C2-slave is running #终于顺利通过了,就是nrpe进程的事儿
(2)定义主机、服务
[root@cacti servers]# pwd /usr/local/nagios/etc/servers [root@cacti servers]# vim 192.168.200.18.cfg define host{ use linux-server host_name 192.168.200.18 alias linux address 192.168.200.18 } define service{ use generic-service host_name 192.168.200.18 service_description check_mysql_slave check_command check_nrpe!check_mysql_slave }
(3)重启nagios服务
(4)查看监控状态
4、nagios通过web界面修改某个服务时报错
例如对某个服务进行临时安排其执行时间,或者不让它发警告,web页面上都有这样的设置.但是常常会有错误信息如下:
Could not open command file '/usr/local/nagios/var/rw/nagiosNaNd' for update!The permissions on the external command file and/or directory may be incorrect. Read the FAQs on how to setup proper permissions.An error occurred while attempting to commit your command for processing. |
(1)修改属组
[root@monitor ~]# chown -R nagios.nagios /usr/local/nagios/var/rw/
(2)把apache用户加入到nagios组
[root@monitor ~]# usermod -G nagios apache
(3)重启服务
[root@monitor ~]# service nagios restart [root@monitor ~]# service httpd restart