SQLServer常用系统函数(摘自网络)

--字符串函数

--分别取左边个字符、右边个字符

Declare @S Varchar(200)='abcdefghijk'

Select Left(@S,3) as S1,Right(@S,3) as S2

Go

--从第个字符开始，取个字符

Declare @S Varchar(200)='abcdefghijk'

Select SubString(@S,3,4) as S1

Go

--从第个字符开始，取个字符，中文字符当成个字对待

Declare @S Varchar(200)='a中国bcd'

Select SubString(@S,3,4) as S1

Go

--返回首字符ASCII码值，仅英文字母有效

Select ASCII('a') as A1,ASCII('A') as A2

--返回ASCII码的字符

Select CHAR(65) as A1,CHAR(97) as A2

--产生个空格，为便于查看显示结果，前后补上了字符x、y

Select 'x'+Space(10)+'y'

--将数字转为固定宽度的字符串，总宽度，位小数，不足宽度前置空格

--若宽度不足，则返回* 号代替，若小数位不足，则四舍五入

Select Str(1234,12,2) as A1,Str(1234.4,12,2) as A2,Str(12345.678,12,2) as A3,Str(12345.678,3,2)

--字符串替换，将字母bc 全部替换为xxx

Select Replace('abcdefbc','bc','xxx')

--取子串位置，结果为

Select CharIndex('bc','abcdef')

--取子串位置，从第个字符开始，结果为，表示未找到

Select CharIndex('bc','abcdef',3)

--取子串位置，含通配符，%百分号表示任意字符，_下划线表示个字符，中文字也算个字符

Select PatIndex('%cd%','abcdef') as A1,PatIndex('%c_e%','abcdef') as A2,PatIndex('%c_e%','abc中ef') as A3

--取字符串长度，Len将中文字当个字符，DataLength将个中文字当个字符

Select Len('abc') as A1,Len('ab中') as A2,DataLength('abc') as A3,DataLength('ab中') as A4

--字符串反转

Select Reverse('abcdef')

 

--字符串大、小写

Select Upper('abcdef'),Lower('aBCdEF')

--删除前后空格，字符串中间空格不受影响，为便于查看显示结果，前后补上了字符x、y

Select 'x'+RTrim(' ab ')+'y' as A1,'x'+LTrim(' ab ')+'y' as A2,'x'+LTrim(RTrim(' ab '))+'y' as A3

--数值函数

--取绝对值

Select ABS(5) As A1,ABS(-5) as A2,ABS(-2.5) as A3

--四舍五入

Select Round(2.34567,1) as A1,Round(2.34567,2) as A2,Round(2.34567,3) as A3

--较小整数

Select Floor(2.0) as A1,Floor(2.3) as A2,Floor(2.8) as A3

--较大整数

Select Ceiling(2.0) as A1,Ceiling(2.3) as A2,Ceiling(2.8) as A3

--取随机数，不提供种子，返回值每次都变化

--理论上，叫伪随机数，实际应用中，理解为随机数就OK

Select Rand() as A1,Rand() as A2

--取随机数，给定种子，返回值始终相同

Select Rand(1000),Rand(100)

--取幂值，返回的次方，若返回值超过INT范围，则报错

Select Power(2,8)

--判断是否为数字

Select IsNumeric(2) as A1,IsNumeric('2.5') as A2,IsNumeric('2.5A') as A3

 

--日期型函数

--当前时间

Select GetDate()

--往后天、往前天

Select GetDate()+3 as A1,GetDate()-3 as A2

--往后秒、往前秒，用函数DateAdd

Select DateAdd(Second,3,GetDate()) as A1,DateAdd(Second,-3,GetDate()) as A2

--往后分、往前分，用函数DateAdd

Select DateAdd(Minute,3,GetDate()) as A1,DateAdd(Minute,-3,GetDate()) as A2

--往后小时、往前小时，用函数DateAdd

Select DateAdd(Hour,3,GetDate()) as A1,DateAdd(Hour,-3,GetDate()) as A2

--往后天、往前天，用函数DateAdd

Select DateAdd(Day,3,GetDate()) as A1,DateAdd(Day,-3,GetDate()) as A2

--往后月、往前月，用函数DateAdd，若碰到结果为月时，会自动处理好最大天数

Select DateAdd(Month,3,'20140531') as A1,DateAdd(Month,-3,'20140531') as A2

--往后年、往前年，用函数DateAdd，若碰到结果为月时，会自动处理好最大天数

Select DateAdd(Year,1,'20160229') as A1,DateAdd(Year,-1,'20160229') as A2

--取年、月、日

Select Year(GetDate()) as A1,Month(GetDate()) as A2,Day(GetDate()) as A3

--取年、月、日，用函数DatePart

Select DatePart(Year,GetDate()) As A1,DatePart(Month,GetDate()) As A2,

 

DatePart(Day,GetDate()) As A3

--取月份最后一天，后月最后一天，前月最后一天**从SQL Server 2012开始支持

Select EOMonth('20140603') as A1,EOMonth('20140603',2) as A2,EOMonth('20140603',-2) as A3

--取月份最后一天**SQL Server 2012之前版本计算，在当月号加个月，再减天就是

Declare @D DateTime='20140603'

Select DateAdd(Day,-1,DateAdd(Month,1,Convert(Char(6),@D,112)+'01'))

--判断字符串是否是日期

Select IsDate('2015/02/29') as A1,IsDate('20150228') as A2,

IsDate('20150228 25:00:00') as A3,IsDate('23:15') as A4

 

--数据类型转换

--SQL Server会自动根据数据类型优先级作隐式转换

--但有时可能并不是想要的效果

Declare @A1 Varchar(200),@A2 Int,@A3 Date,@A4 Varchar(200)

Select @A1=GetDate(),@A2='259',@A3=GetDate(),@A4=123.45

Select @A1 as A1,@A2 as A2,@A3 as A3,@A4 as A4

Go

--按指定格式将日期转换为字符

Select Convert(VarChar(30),GetDate(),112) as A1 --YYYYMMDD

Select Convert(VarChar(30),GetDate(),12) as A2 --YYMMDD

Select Convert(VarChar(19),GetDate(),121) as A3 --YYYY-MM-DD HH:NN:SS

Select Convert(VarChar(30),GetDate(),101) as A4 --MM/DD/YYYY

Select Convert(VarChar(30),GetDate(),102) as A5 --YYYY.MM.DD

Go

--将数字、文字转换为日期

--数字就是1900-01-01，日期在SQL SERVER内部就是存储为数字的，小数部分对应小时:分:秒

Declare @A1 DateTime,@A2 DateTime,@A3 DateTime

Select @A1=10,@A2='20140603 08:05',@A3='2014-05-03 18:09:05'

Select @A1 as A1,@A2 as A2,@A3 as A3

Go

--将日期转换为数字

--注意A1、A2的值有点区别

Declare @A1 Int,@A2 Int,@A3 Numeric(12,2)

Select @A1=Cast(GetDate() as Int)

Select @A2=Cast(Cast(GetDate() as Numeric(12,2)) as Int)

Select @A3=Cast(GetDate() as Numeric(12,2))

Select @A1 as A1,@A2 as A2,@A3 as A3