mariadb

MariaDB介绍    

    MariaDB数据库管理系统是MySQL的一个分支，主要由开源社区在维护，采用GPL授权许可。开发这个分支的原因之一是：甲骨文公司收购了MySQL后，有将MySQL闭源的潜在风险，因此社区采用分支的方式来避开这个风险。 MariaDB的目的是完全兼容MySQL，包括API和命令行，使之能轻松成为MySQL的代替品。在存储引擎方面，使用XtraDB（英语：XtraDB）来代替MySQL的InnoDB。

 

   为了将开源进行到底，接下来让我们编译安装并使用一个MariaDB

 

编译安装MariaDB

2、创建mysql用户mysql组（考虑到应用安全）    

#groupadd -r mysql     创建mysql组 #useradd -g mysql -r -d /mydata/data 创建mysql用户 #chown mysql;mysql /mydata/data 更改数据目录的属主属组

 

  3、安装编译器cmake    

#yum -y install cmake

 

     

安装特定的开发包(防止编译时出错) #yum -y install readline-devel zlib-devel openssl-devel

       

cmake指定编译选项的方式不同于make，其实现方式对比如下： ./configure           cmake . ./configure --help    cmake . -LH or                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     指定安装文件的安装路径时常用的选项： -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysql -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     默认编译的存储引擎包括：csv、myisam、myisammrg和heap。若要安装其它存储引擎，可以使用类似如下编译选项： -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   若要明确指定不编译某存储引擎，可以使用类似如下的选项： -DWITHOUT_<ENGINE>_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 比如： -DWITHOUT_EXAMPLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITHOUT_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITHOUT_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   如若要编译进其它功能，如SSL等，则可使用类似如下选项来实现编译时使用某库或不使用某库： -DWITH_READLINE=1 -DWITH_SSL=system -DWITH_ZLIB=system -DWITH_LIBWRAP=0                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   其它常用的选项： -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DWITH_DEBUG=0 -DENABLE_PROFILING=1                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       如果想清理此前的编译所生成的文件，则需要使用如下命令： make clean rm CMakeCache.txt

  

  4、下载MariaDB源码包5.5.36

     

下载地址 #https://downloads.mariadb.org/interstitial/mariadb-5.5.36/kvm-tarbake-jaunty-x86/mariadb-5.5.36.tar.gz/from/http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/mariadb

    

   

 

  5、编译安装  

#tar xf mariadb-5.5.36.tar.gz #cd mariadb-5.5.36 #cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/mydata/data/ -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_ARCHIVE_STPRAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWIYH_READLINE=1 -DWIYH_SSL=system -DVITH_ZLIB=system -DWITH_LOBWRAP=0 -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci #make && make install

 

  6、准备MariaDB脚本及配置文件

 

初始化数据库 #cd /usr/local/mysql #chown -R mysql:mysql *  更改属主属组 #scripts/mysql_install_db --datadir=/mydata/data --user=mysql 初始化库文件 #chown -R root * 更改属主为root

 

   

提供脚本 #cd /usr/local/mysql #cp support-files/mysql.server  /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld 提供脚本 #chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld   赋予执行权限 #chkconfig --add mysqld   添加mysqld为系统服务 #chkconfig mysqld on      添加为开机启动

   

提供配置文件 #cd /usr/local/mysql #cp support-files/my-large.cnf  /etc/my.cnf #vim /etc/my.cnf 编辑配置文件[mysqld]段填写如下内容 [mysqld] datadir = /mydata/data  数据目录 thread_concurrency = 4  设置线程数=核心数x2

 

 7、提供二进制文件，库文件，头文件，man手册

   

提供二进制文件 # echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh 提供库文件 # echo '/usr/local/mysql/lib' > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf 提供头文件 # ln -sv /usr/local/include /usr/include/mysql 提供man手册 # echo 'MANPATH /usr/local/mysql' >> /etc/man.config # man -M /usr/local/mysql/man mysqld 让man手册立刻生效为最新

      

 8、启动服务，连接MariaDB服务器

  

启动服务 #service mysqld start #ss -ntl | grep :3306

   

   

   

 

初始化MariaDB

  1、初始化第一个操作

配置文件my.cnf           集中式的配置：多个应用程序共用的配置文件           [mysqld]           [mysqld_safe]           [client] 查看mysql服务器的所有配置信息          #cd /usr/local/mysql/bin          #. /mysqld --help --verbose | head -20 Default options are read from the following files in the given order:          /etc/mysql/my.conf  /etc/my.cnf  ~/.my.conf          使用配置文件的方式          1、它一次查找每个需要查找的文件，结果是所有文件的并集          2、如果某参数在多个文件中出现多次，后读取的最终生效                                                                           # /user/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --help --verbose          1、显示mysqld程序启动时可用的选项，通常都是长选项          2、显示mysqld的配置文件中可用的服务变量             mysql> SHOW GLOGAL VARIABLES             mysql> SHOW SESSION VARIABLES

  

    2、初始化第二个操作

 

   

1、删除所有匿名用户       mysql> DROP USER ''@'localhost';       mysql> DROP  USER ''@'127.0.0.1';  2、给所有的root用户设定密码：    第一种方式      mysql> set password for usrName@hostName = password('your_passwd');    第二种方式      mysql> update user set password = password('your_passwd') where user = 'root'      mysql> flush privileges;    第三种方式 (shell命令)     # mysqladmin -uUserName -hHost password 'new_passwd' -p       Host为远程mysql服务器的ip地址     # msyqladmin -uUserName -hHost -p flush-privileges;