一、准备反向代理环境
1、环境介绍
2、同步时间
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[root@proxy ~]# ntpdate 202.120.2.101
[root@node1 ~]# ntpdate 202.120.2.101
[root@node2 ~]# ntpdate 202.120.2.101
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3、node1、node2节点安装启动httpd并提供测试页
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[root@node1 ~]# rpm -q httpd
httpd-2.2.15-45.el6.centos.x86_64
[root@node1 ~]# cat /www/a.com/htdoc/index.html
<h1>This is node1 !</h1>
[root@node1 ~]# service httpd start
正在启动 httpd: [确定]
[root@node2 ~]# rpm -q httpd
httpd-2.2.15-45.el6.centos.x86_64
[root@node2 ~]# cat /www/a.com/htdoc/index.html
<h1>This is node2 !</h1>
[root@node2 ~]# service httpd start
正在启动 httpd: [确定]
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4、测试各节点是否正常启动
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[root@proxy ~]# curl http://192.168.1.9
<h1>This is node1 !</h1>
[root@proxy ~]# curl http://192.168.1.10
<h1>This is node2 !</h1>
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5、安装haproxy
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[root@proxy ~]# rpm -q haproxy
haproxy-1.5.4-2.el6_7.1.x86_64
[root@proxy ~]# rpm -ql haproxy
/etc/haproxy
/etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
/etc/logrotate.d/haproxy
/etc/rc.d/init.d/haproxy
/etc/sysconfig/haproxy
/usr/bin/halog
/usr/bin/iprange
/usr/sbin/haproxy
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6、haproxy常用选项
语法:
haproxy [-f < 配置文件>] [ -vdVD ] [-n 最大并发连接总数] [-N 每个侦听的最大并发数] [ -p <当前的PID文件> ] [-m <内存限制M>]
-v 显示当前版本信息;-vv 显示已知的创建选项
-d 前台,debug模式;-db 禁用后台模式,程序跑在前台
-V 详细模式
-D daemon模式启动
-q 安静模式,不输出信息
-c 对配置文件进行语法检查
-n 最大并发连接总数
-m 限制的可用内存大小
-N 设置默认的连接数
-p 设置当前的PID文件
-de 不使用epoll
-ds 不使用speculative epoll
-dp 不使用poll
-sf 程序启动后向pidlist里的进程发送FINISH信号,这个参数放在命令行的最后
-st 程序启动后向pidlist里的进程发送TERMINATE信号,这个参数放在命令行的最后
7、查看rpm包提供的配置文件
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[root@proxy ~]# cat /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# Example configuration for a possible web application. See the
# full configuration options online.
#
# http://haproxy.1wt.eu/download/1.4/doc/configuration.txt
#
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# Global settings #全局配置文件
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
global
# to have these messages end up in /var/log/haproxy.log you will
# need to: #配置日志
#
# 1) configure syslog to accept network log events. This is done
# by adding the '-r' option to the SYSLOGD_OPTIONS in
# /etc/sysconfig/syslog #修改syslog配置文件
#
# 2) configure local2 events to go to the /var/log/haproxy.log
# file. A line like the following can be added to
# /etc/sysconfig/syslog #定义日志设备
#
# local2.* /var/log/haproxy.log
#
log 127.0.0.1 local2 #
#全局的日志配置 其中日志级别是[err warning info debug]
#local0 是日志设备,必须为如下24种标准syslog设备的一种:
#kern user mail daemon auth syslog lpr news
#uucp cron auth2 ftp ntp audit alert cron2
#local0 local1 local2 local3 local4 local5 local6 local7
chroot /var/lib/haproxy
pidfile /var/run/haproxy.pid #将所有进程的pid写入文件启动进程的用户必须有权限访问此文件。
maxconn 4000 #最大连接数,默认4000
user haproxy #用户
group haproxy #组
daemon ##创建1个进程进入deamon模式运行。此参数要求将运行模式设置为"daemon"
# turn on stats unix socket #unix socket 文件
stats socket /var/lib/haproxy/stats
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# common defaults that all the 'listen' and 'backend' sections will
# use if not designated in their block #默认的全局设置,这些参数可以被利用配置到frontend,backend,listen组件
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
defaults
mode http #默认的模式mode { tcp|http|health },tcp是4层,http是7层,health只会返回OK
log global #采用全局定义的日志
option httplog #日志类别http日志格式
option dontlognull #不记录健康检查的日志信息
option http-server-close #每次请求完毕后主动关闭http通道
option forwardfor except 127.0.0.0/8 #不记录本机转发的日志
option redispatch #serverId对应的服务器挂掉后,强制定向到其他健康的服务器
retries 3 #3次连接失败就认为服务不可用,也可以通过后面设置
timeout http-request 10s #请求超时
timeout queue 1m #队列超时
timeout connect 10s #连接超时
timeout client 1m #客户端连接超时
timeout server 1m #服务器连接超时
timeout http-keep-alive 10s #长连接超时
timeout check 10s #检查超时
maxconn 3000 #最大连接数
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# main frontend which proxys to the backends #frontend 与backends 代理配置
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
frontend main *:5000
#acl策略配置
acl url_static path_beg -i /static /images /javascript /stylesheets
acl url_static path_end -i .jpg .gif .png .css .js
use_backend static if url_static #满足策略要求,则响应策略定义的backend页面
default_backend app #不满足则响应backend的默认页面
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# static backend for serving up images, stylesheets and such #定义使用静态后端图像,样式表等
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
backend static
balance roundrobin #负载均衡模式轮询
server static 127.0.0.1:4331 check #服务器定义
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# round robin balancing between the various backends
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
backend app
balance roundrobin #负载均衡模式轮询
server app1 127.0.0.1:5001 check #服务器定义,check进行健康检查
server app2 127.0.0.1:5002 check
server app3 127.0.0.1:5003 check
server app4 127.0.0.1:5004 check
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二、负载均衡Web服务器案例
1、更改配置文件
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[root@proxy ~]# cp /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg{,.bak}
[root@proxy ~]# cat /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# Global settings
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
global
# to have these messages end up in /var/log/haproxy.log you will
# need to:
#
# 1) configure syslog to accept network log events. This is done
# by adding the '-r' option to the SYSLOGD_OPTIONS in
# /etc/sysconfig/syslog
#
# 2) configure local2 events to go to the /var/log/haproxy.log
# file. A line like the following can be added to
# /etc/sysconfig/syslog
#
# local2.* /var/log/haproxy.log
#
log 127.0.0.1 local2
chroot /var/lib/haproxy
pidfile /var/run/haproxy.pid
maxconn 4000
user haproxy
group haproxy
daemon
defaults
mode http
log global
option httplog
option dontlognull
option http-server-close
option forwardfor except 127.0.0.0/8
option redispatch
retries 3
timeout http-request 10s
timeout queue 1m
timeout connect 10s
timeout client 1m
timeout server 1m
timeout http-keep-alive 10s
timeout check 10s
maxconn 30000
listen stats
mode http
bind 0.0.0.0:1080
stats enable
stats hide-version
stats uri /haproxyadmin?stats
stats realm Haproxy\ Statistics
stats auth admin:admin
stats admin if TRUE
frontend http-in
bind *:80
mode http
log global
option httpclose
option logasap
option dontlognull
capture request header Host len 20
capture request header Referer len 60
default_backend servers
frontend healthcheck
bind :1099
mode http
option httpclose
option forwardfor
default_backend servers
backend servers
balance roundrobin
server node1 192.168.1.9:80 check maxconn 2000
server node2 192.168.1.10:80 check maxconn 2000
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2、配置haproxy日志
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[root@proxy ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/rsyslog
# Options for rsyslogd
# Syslogd options are deprecated since rsyslog v3.
# If you want to use them, switch to compatibility mode 2 by "-c 2"
# See rsyslogd(8) for more details
SYSLOGD_OPTIONS="-c 2 -r"
[root@proxy ~]# vim /etc/rsyslog.conf
#将下面四项取消注释
# Provides UDP syslog reception
$ModLoad imudp
$UDPServerRun 514
# Provides TCP syslog reception
$ModLoad imtcp
$InputTCPServerRun 514
#增加一行
local2.* /var/log/haproxy.log
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重启日志服务:
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[root@proxy ~]# service rsyslog restart
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3、查检一下配置文件
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[root@proxy ~]# haproxy -c -f /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
Configuration file is valid
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4、启动haproxy
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[root@proxy ~]# service haproxy start
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5、查看服务端口
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[root@proxy ~]# ss -tunlp |grep haproxy
udp UNCONN 0 0 *:49442 *:* users:(("haproxy",1506,5))
tcp LISTEN 0 128 *:1080 *:* users:(("haproxy",1506,4))
tcp LISTEN 0 128 *:1099 *:* users:(("haproxy",1506,7))
tcp LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:* users
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6、浏览器测试
7、配置文件说明
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#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# Global settings 全局配置
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
global
# to have these messages end up in /var/log/haproxy.log you will
# need to:
#
# 1) configure syslog to accept network log events. This is done
# by adding the '-r' option to the SYSLOGD_OPTIONS in
# /etc/sysconfig/syslog
#
# 2) configure local2 events to go to the /var/log/haproxy.log
# file. A line like the following can be added to
# /etc/sysconfig/syslog
#
# local2.* /var/log/haproxy.log
#
#上面的注释是告诉我们怎么配置日志的
log 127.0.0.1 local2 #定义日志
chroot /var/lib/haproxy #安全模式
pidfile /var/run/haproxy.pid #pid文件
maxconn 4000 #最大连接数
user haproxy #用户
group haproxy #组合
daemon
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# Proxy settings 代理配置,下面全是代理配置
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
defaults #配置默认参数的,这些参数可以被利用配置到frontend,backend,listen组件
mode http #默认的模式mode { tcp|http|health },tcp是4层,http是7层,health只会返回OK(注,health已经废弃)
log global #采用全局定义的日志
option httplog #日志类别http日志格式
option dontlognull #不记录健康检查的日志信息
option http-server-close #每次请求完毕后主动关闭http通道
option forwardfor except 127.0.0.0/8 #不记录本机转发的日志
option redispatch #serverId对应的服务器挂掉后,强制定向到其他健康的服务器
retries 3 #3次连接失败就认为服务不可用,也可以通过后面设置
timeout http-request 10s #请求超时
timeout queue 1m #队列超时
timeout connect 10s #连接超时
timeout client 1m #客户端连接超时
timeout server 1m #服务器连接超时
timeout http-keep-alive 10s #长连接超时
timeout check 10s #检查超时
maxconn 30000 #最大连接数
listen stats #listen是Frontend和Backend的组合体。这里定义的是haproxy监控!
mode http #模式http
bind 0.0.0.0:1080 #绑定的监控ip与端口
stats enable #启用监控
stats hide-version #隐藏haproxy版本
stats uri /haproxyadmin?stats #定义的uri
stats realm Haproxy\ Statistics #定义显示文字
stats auth admin:admin #认证
stats admin if TRUE
frontend http-in #接收请求的前端虚拟节点,Frontend可以根据规则直接指定具体使用后端的 backend(可动态选择)。这里定义的是http服务!
bind *:80 #绑定的监控ip与端口
mode http #模式http
log global #定义日志
option httpclose #每次请求完毕后主动关闭http通道
option logasap #
option dontlognull ##不记录健康检查的日志信息
capture request header Host len 20
capture request header Referer len 60
default_backend servers #定义的默认backend
frontend healthcheck
bind :1099
mode http
option httpclose
option forwardfor
default_backend servers #定义的默认backend
backend servers #后端服务集群的配置,是真实的服务器,一个Backend对应一个或者多个实体服务器。
balance roundrobin #负载均衡方式为轮询
server websrv1 192.168.18.201:80 check maxconn 2000 #定义server,check 健康检查,maxconn 定义最大连接数
server websrv2 192.168.18.202:80 check maxconn 2000
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三、haproxy 监控功能详解
上面的配置文件已经配置使用的监控功能
1、浏览器访问一下 http://192.168.1.8:1080/haproxyadmin?stats
输入帐号密码,注意帐号及密码是在配置文件中定义的,
监控的web接口,注意此窗口能关闭后端的机器很危险,故密码设置一定要复杂。
2、模拟故障
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[root@node1 ~]# service httpd stop
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3、恢复故障
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[root@node1 ~]# service httpd start
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四、haproxy的配置举例
1、uri算法使用举例
修改配置文件:
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backend servers
balance uri
server node1 192.168.1.9:80 check maxconn 2000
server node2 192.168.1.10:80 check maxconn 2000
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提供测试文件:
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[root@node1 htdoc]# for i in {1..10};do echo "<h1>node1.test$i</h1>" > test$i.html;done
[root@node1 htdoc]# cat test4.html
<h1>node1.test4</h1>
[root@node2 htdoc]# for i in {1..10};do echo "<h1>node2.test$i</h1>" > test$i.html;done
[root@node2 htdoc]# cat test6.html
<h1>node2.test6</h1>
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从新载入配置文件:
浏览器测试:
2、前面我们已经基本配置了haproxy服务了,但是在算法上我使用的是轮询方法,下面就配置如何使用cookie会话保持。
修改配置文件:
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backend servers
balance roundrobin
cookie node insert nocache
server node1 192.168.1.9:80 check cookie node1
server node2 192.168.1.10:80 check cookie node2
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从新载入配置文件:
浏览器测试:
3、让后端web服务器记录真实的访问客户端IP地址
更改后端web服务器的日志格式:
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[root@node1 htdoc]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
LogFormat "%{X-Forwarded-For}i %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined
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重新启动web服务器后进行测试访问后查看日志:
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[root@node1 htdoc]# tail /var/log/httpd/access_log
192.168.1.103 - - [12/Sep/2015:21:13:03 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 42 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/45.0.2454.85 Safari/537.36"
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4、通过ACL实现网站访问的动静分离
我通过ACL将动态资源的访问到node1,而静态资源的访问定位到node2。先在node1安装php,实现php动态资源和httpd服务器的结合:
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[root@node1 ~]# yum install -y php
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创建测试页并将php服务启动:
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[root@node1 ~]# cat /www/a.com/index.php
<h1>This is node1 !</h1>
<?php
phpinfo();
?>
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修改配置文件:
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[root@proxy ~]# cat /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
global
# to have these messages end up in/var/log/haproxy.log you will
#need to:
#
#1) configure syslog to accept network log events. This is done
# by adding the '-r' option tothe SYSLOGD_OPTIONS in
# /etc/sysconfig/syslog
#
#2) configure local2 events to go to the /var/log/haproxy.log
# file. A line like thefollowing can be added to
# /etc/sysconfig/syslog
#
# local2.* /var/log/haproxy.log
#
log 127.0.0.1 local2
chroot /var/lib/haproxy
pidfile /var/run/haproxy.pid
maxconn 4000
user haproxy
group haproxy
daemon
#turn on stats unix socket
stats socket /var/lib/haproxy/stats
defaults
mode http
log global
option httplog
option dontlognull
option http-server-close
option forwardfor except 127.0.0.0/8
option redispatch
retries 3
timeout http-request 10s
timeout queue 1m
timeout connect 10s
timeout client 1m
timeout server 1m
timeout http-keep-alive 10s
timeout check 10s
maxconn 3000
listen stats
bind :1080
mode http
stats enable
stats uri /haproxy?stats
stats realm HAProxy\ Status
stats auth admin:admin
stats admin if TRUE
frontend http-in
bind *:80
mode http
log global
option httpclose
option logasap
option dontlognull
capture request header Host len 20
capture request header Referer len 60
acl url_static path_beg -i /static /images /javascript /stylesheets
acl url_static path_end -i .html .jpg .jpeg .gif .png .css .js
acl url_dynamic path_end -i .php .jsp
use_backend static_servers if url_static
use_backend dynamic_servers if url_dynamic
default_backend dynamic_servers
backend static_servers
balance roundrobin
server node2 192.168.1.10:80 check maxconn 1000
backend dynamic_servers
balance roundrobin
cookie srv insert nocache
server node1 192.168.1.6:80 check maxconn 1000 cookie node1
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从新载入haproxy配置文件并在浏览器中测试: