群集-共享存储-IP SAN

共享存储方式

1.Das直接附加存储 (直接连接到主机)

2.Nas网络附加存储 (提供共享机制nfs samba

--Windows 共享 cifs

简化操作系统 nfs cifs smb 文件级别共享

效率低 安全性不高

3.san 存储区域网络

       Scsi总线分为:

窄带8 7个可用控制器)

             宽带 16 15个可用的控制器)

--是块共享,代价高昂,需要光纤交换机,解决这样的问题采用iscsi基于ipscsi机制

相当于在两端安装scsi协议封装要传输的数据

San的分类:

       Fc san

Ip san scsi

本地文件系统(ext2 ext3 ext4)不能做群集共享。

--drbd通过网络把两个主机对接,保持两台主机的数据同步

--Active/active 需要两个流动ip

群集文件系统

Jfs12版本文件系统,有推送的能力,

Ocfs12版本文件系统

Ip san存储的实现



59-1

1.Server-arget

增加一块硬盘

[root@director2 ha.d]# yum list all |grep scsi   

scsi-target-utils.i386                 0.0-5.20080917snap.el5

--服务器端需要安装的软件

[root@director2 ha.d]# yum install scsi-target-utils.i386 –y    -–有依赖的包

[root@director2 ha.d]# service tgtd start

--端口是3260

[root@director2 ~]# chkconfig tgtd on

[root@director2 ~]# tgtadm --lld iscsi --op new --mode target --tid=1

--targetname=iqn.2011-10.com.test.drector2:target

-------增加一个target tid不能为零,0是禁用的,窄带1-7,宽带1-15target名是以iqn命名的。

[root@director2 ~]# fdisk /dev/hda

[root@director2 ~]# partprobe /dev/hda

--和内核同步,但不能格式化,要在client端格式化

[root@director2 ~]# tgtadm --lld iscsi --op new --mode=logicalunit --tid=1 --lun=1 --backing-store /dev/hda1

--target上新增逻辑单元

 

 

认证方法

1.基于ip地址的认证

2.账号的认证(chap

--acl定义initiator的网段

[root@director2 ~]# tgtadm --lld iscsi --op bind --mode=target --tid=1 --initiator-address=192.168.2.0/24

如果开机要启动

可以写入开机启动的文件里/etc/rc.d/rc.local

[root@director2 ~]# tgtadm --lld iscsi --op show --mode target

Target 1: iqn.2011-10.com.test.drector2:target

    System information:

        Driver: iscsi

        State: ready

    I_T nexus information:

    LUN information:

        LUN: 0

            Type: controller

            SCSI ID: deadbeaf1:0

            SCSI SN: beaf10

            Size: 0 MB

            Online: Yes

            Removable media: No

            Backing store: No backing store

        LUN: 1

            Type: disk

            SCSI ID: deadbeaf1:1

            SCSI SN: beaf11

            Size: 1001 MB

            Online: Yes

            Removable media: No

            Backing store: /dev/hda1

    Account information:

    ACL information:

        192.168.2.0/24

[root@director2 ~]#

 

 

 

Client-initiator

作用 发出发现targetserver的指令

[root@server2 ~]# yum list all |grep scsi

This system is not registered with RHN.

RHN support will be disabled.

iscsi-initiator-utils.i386             .868-0.18.el5    rhel-server       

lsscsi.i386                            0.17-3.el5            rhel-server       

scsi-target-utils.i386                 0.0-5.20080917snap.el5

[root@server2 ~]# yum install iscsi-initiator-utils.i386 –y

给客户端起名

[root@server2 ~]# vim /etc/iscsi/initiatorname.iscsi

InitiatorName=iqn.2011-10.com.a.server2:init1

         

[root@server2 ~]# service iscsi start

iscsid is stopped

Turning off network shutdown. Starting iSCSI daemon:       [  OK  ]

                                                           [  OK  ]

Setting up iSCSI targets: iscsiadm: No records found!

                                                           [  OK  ]

[root@server2 ~]# chkconfig iscsi on

--发现target服务器

[root@server2 ~]# iscsiadm --mode discovery --type sendtargets --portal 192.168.

2.11

192.168.2.11:3260,1 iqn.2011-10.com.test.drector2:target

[root@server2 ~]#

[root@server2 ~]# iscsiadm --mode node --targetname=iqn.2011-10.com.test.drector2:target --portal 192.168.2.11 --login

Logging in to [iface: default, target: iqn.2011-10.com.test.drector2:target, portal: 192.168.2.11,3260]

Login to [iface: default, target: iqn.2011-10.com.test.drector2:target, portal: 192.168.2.11,3260]: successful

[root@server2 ~]#

[root@server2 ~]# fdisk -l

 

Disk /dev/sda: 107.3 GB, 107374182400 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 13054 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

 

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sda1   *           1          13      104391   83  Linux

/dev/sda2              14        3837    30716280   83  Linux

/dev/sda3            3838        3968     1052257+  82  Linux swap / Solaris

 

Disk /dev/sdb: 1000 MB, 1000548864 bytes

31 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1016 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 1922 * 512 = 984064 bytes

 

Disk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a valid partition table

[root@server2 ~]#

[root@server2 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb

 

[root@server2 ~]# mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sdb1

mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)

Filesystem label=

OS type: Linux

Block size=4096 (log=2)

Fragment size=4096 (log=2)

122112 inodes, 244086 blocks

12204 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user

First data block=0

Maximum filesystem blocks=251658240

8 block groups

32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group

15264 inodes per group

Superblock backups stored on blocks:

        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376

 

Writing inode tables: done                           

Creating journal (4096 blocks): done

Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

 

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or

180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

[root@server2 ~]#

 

 

[root@server2 ~]# mkdir /mnt/sdb1

[root@server2 ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/sdb1/

[root@server2 ~]#

[root@server2 sdb1]# mkdir ll

[root@server2 sdb1]# touch lwy.old

这个格式化的分区类型,只有本用户可以访问自己的文件,看不到其他用户的文件

其他客户端无法访问本地文件分区的类型所以

存储需要使用群集的分区类型

Client2

 

[root@localhost ~]#

[root@localhost ~]# yum install iscsi-initiator-utils -y

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/iscsi/initiatorname.iscsi

InitiatorName=iqn.2011-10.com.test.server1:init2

       

[root@localhost ~]# service iscsi start

iscsid is stopped

Turning off network shutdown. Starting iSCSI daemon:       [  OK  ]

                                                           [  OK  ]

Setting up iSCSI targets: iscsiadm: No records found!

                                                           [  OK  ]

[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig iscsi on

[root@localhost ~]# iscsiadm --mode discovery --type sendtargets --portal 192.168.2.11

192.168.2.11:3260,1 iqn.2011-10.com.test.drector2:target

[root@localhost ~]# iscsiadm --mode node --targetname iqn.2011-10.com.test.drector2:target --portal 192.168.2.11 --login

Logging in to [iface: default, target: iqn.2011-10.com.test.drector2:target, portal: 192.168.2.11,3260]

Login to [iface: default, target: iqn.2011-10.com.test.drector2:target, portal: 192.168.2.11,3260]: successful

[root@localhost ~]#

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l

 

Disk /dev/sda: 107.3 GB, 107374182400 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 13054 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

 

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sda1   *           1          13      104391   83  Linux

/dev/sda2              14        3837    30716280   83  Linux

/dev/sda3            3838        3968     1052257+  82  Linux swap / Solaris

 

Disk /dev/sdb: 1000 MB, 1000548864 bytes

31 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1016 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 1922 * 512 = 984064 bytes

 

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sdb1               1        1016      976345   83  Linux

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /mnt/sdb1

[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/sdb1/

[root@localhost ~]# cd /mnt/sdb1/

[root@localhost sdb1]# ll

total 20

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Oct 19 16:43 ll

drwx------ 2 root root 16384 Oct 19 16:42 lost+found

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root     0 Oct 19 16:43 lwy.old

[root@localhost sdb1]# mkdir ww

[root@localhost sdb1]# ll

total 24

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Oct 19 16:43 ll

drwx------ 2 root root 16384 Oct 19 16:42 lost+found

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root     0 Oct 19 16:43 lwy.old

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Oct 19 16:52 ww

[root@localhost sdb1]#

--只需要在一个client上格式化就可以,其他客户端只需要登陆到target server挂载本地就可以了,但是这种有缺陷,本地用户除了第一次挂载能看到初始的其他用户在磁盘上的信息,其他再更改的信息看不到,别人也看不到自己更改的信息。

 [root@server2 sdb1]# ll

total 20

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Oct 19 16:43 ll

drwx------ 2 root root 16384 Oct 19 16:42 lost+found

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root     0 Oct 19 16:43 lwy.old

[root@server2 sdb1]#

--server2上的用户在server1更改数据以后不会看到server1的更改

解决办法:需要用群集文件系统格式化磁盘。

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