linux-expect之无需输入密码自动登录
expect自动登录ssh,ftp
expect是一种能够按照脚本内容里面设定的方式与交互式程序进行“会话”的程序。根据脚本内容，Expect可以知道程序会提示或反馈什么内容以及什么是正确的应答。它是一种可以提供“分支和嵌套结构”来引导程序流程的解释型脚本语言。 shell功能很强大,但是不能实现有交互功能的多机器之前的操作,例如ssh和ftp.而expect可以帮助我们来实现.
一,安装expect
1. [root@ubuntu:/home/zhangy]#yum install expect
或 apt-get istall expect
其实expect根bash形势上差不多的.
二,实例
1,ssh实现自动登录,并停在登录服务器上
[root@ubuntu:/home/zhangy]# cat test.exp
1. #!/usr/bin/expect -f
2. set ip [lindex $argv 0 ] //接收第一个参数,并设置IP
3. set password [lindex $argv 1 ] //接收第二个参数,并设置密码
4. set timeout 10 //设置超时时间
5. spawn ssh root@$ip //发送ssh登录请求
6. expect { //返回信息匹配
7. "*yes/no" { send "yes\r"; exp_continue} //第一次ssh连接会提示yes/no,发送yes，继续
8. "*password:" { send "$password\r" } //出现密码提示,发送密码
9. }
10. interact //交互模式,用户会停留在远程服务器上面.
运行结果如下:
1. [root@ubuntu:/home/zhangy]# ./test.exp 192.168.1.130 admin
2. spawn ssh [email protected]
3. Last login: Fri Sep 7 10:47:43 2012 from 192.168.1.142
这个例子有统一的接口,根据IP和密码可以连接到不同的机器.如果你嫌输入IP和密码麻烦,看下面的例子
1. #!/usr/bin/expect -f
2. set ip 192.168.1.130
3. set password admin
4. set timeout 10
5. spawn ssh root@$ip
6. expect {
7. "*yes/no" { send "yes\r"; exp_continue}
8. "*password:" { send "$password\r" }
9. }
10. interact
运行结果如下:
1. [root@ubuntu:/home/zhangy]# ./web.exp
2. spawn ssh [email protected]
3. Last login: Fri Sep 7 12:59:02 2012 from 192.168.1.142
4. [root@linux ~]#
2,ssh远程登录到服务器,并且执行命令,执行完后并退出
1. #!/usr/bin/expect -f
2. set ip 192.168.1.130
3. set password admin
4. set timeout 10
5. spawn ssh root@$ip
6. expect {
7. "*yes/no" { send "yes\r"; exp_continue}
8. "*password:" { send "$password\r" }
9. }
10. expect "#*"
11. send "pwd\r"
12. send "exit\r"
13. expect eof
运行结果如下:
1. root@ubuntu:/home/zhangy# ./test3.exp
2. spawn ssh [email protected]
3. [email protected]'s password:
4. Last login: Fri Sep 7 14:05:07 2012 from 116.246.27.90
5. [root@localhost ~]# pwd
6. /root
7. [root@localhost ~]# exit
8. logout
9. Connection to 192.168.1.130 closed.
3,远程登录到ftp,并且下载文件
1. #!/usr/bin/expect -f
2. set ip [lindex $argv 0 ]
3. set dir [lindex $argv 1 ]
4. set file [lindex $argv 2 ]
5. set timeout 10
6. spawn ftp $ip
7. expect "Name*"
8. send "zwh\r"
9. expect "Password:*"
10. send "zwh\r"
11. expect "ftp>*"
12. send "lcd $dir\r"
13. expect {
14. "*file" { send_user "local $_dir No such file or directory";send "quit\r" }
15. "*now*" { send "get $dir/$file $dir/$file\r"}
16. }
17. expect {
18. "*Failed" { send_user "remote $file No such file";send "quit\r" }
19. "*OK" { send_user "$file has been download\r";send "quit\r"}
20. }
21. expect eof
运行结果如下:
1. root@ubuntu:/home/zhangy# ./test2.exp 192.168.1.130 /var/www/www aaa.html
2. spawn ftp 192.168.1.130
3. Connected to 192.168.1.130.
4. 220 (vsFTPd 2.0.5)
5. Name (192.168.1.130:root): zwh
6. 331 Please specify the password.
7. Password:
8. 230 Login successful.
9. Remote system type is UNIX.
10.Using binary mode to transfer files.
11.ftp> lcd /var/www/www
12.Local directory now /var/www/www
13.ftp> get /var/www/www/aaa.html /var/www/www/aaa.html
14.local: /var/www/www/aaa.html remote: /var/www/www/aaa.html
15.200 PORT command successful. Consider using PASV.
16.150 Opening BINARY mode data connection for /var/www/www/aaa.html (66 bytes).
17.226 File send OK.
18.66 bytes received in 0.00 secs (515.6 kB/s)
19.quit aaa.html has been download
20.221 Goodbye.
4、线上实例：
#vim /root/sh/getqq
#!/usr/bin/expect
set timeout 300
set date [execdate "+%Y-%m-%d"]
set password[lindex $argv 0]
spawn scp -P [email protected]:/data/MNET/m_jinghe/mainGameLog.$date.log /data/ppmcb3log
expect {
"(yes/no)?"
{
send "yes\n"
expect "*assword:" { send"$password\n"}
}
"*assword:"
{
send "$password\n"
}
}
expect"100%"
expect eof
#vim /root/sh/getwx
#!/usr/bin/expect
set timeout 300
set date [execdate "+%Y-%m-%d"]
set password[lindex $argv 0]
spawn scp �[email protected]:/data/MNET/m_jinghe/tencent.$date.tar
/data/ppmcb3log
expect {
"(yes/no)?"
{
send "yes\n"
expect "*assword:" { send"$password\n"}
}
"*assword:"
{
send "$password\n"
}
}
expect"100%"
expect eof
#vim /root/sh/log.sh
#! /bin/sh
date=$(date +%F)
/root/sh/getwx cderf#34 //执行上一个脚本，并附带参数（密码）
/root/sh/getqq cderf#34
cd/data/ppmcb3log
tar zxvftencent.$date.tar
python/home/ubuntu/backend-log/ppmlogs/backend/utils/parse_tlog.py
python/home/ubuntu/backend-log/ppmlogs/backend/utils/maingame.py
将log.sh放入计划任务定期执行：
#crontab -e
*/15 * * * * root /root/sh/log.sh