install_apache_tomcat
1、安装tomcat
yum install -y java-1.7.0-openjdk tar zxf apache-tomcat-7.0.65.tar.gz -C /usr/local/ cd /usr/local/ ln -s apache-tomcat-7.0.65/ tomcat vim /etc/profile.d/tomcat.sh export CATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat export PATH=$PATH:$CATALINA_HOME/bin . /etc/profile.d/tomcat.sh vim /etc/init.d/tomcat #!/bin/sh # Tomcat init script for Linux. # # chkconfig: 2345 96 14 # description: The Apache Tomcat servlet/JSP container. JAVA_OPTS='-Xms64m -Xmx128m' JAVA_HOME=/usr CATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat export JAVA_HOME CATALINA_HOME exec $CATALINA_HOME/bin/catalina.sh $* chmod +x /etc/init.d/tomcat chkconfig --add tomcat service tomcat start
2、安装Apache
yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ openssl-devel pcre-devel
tar xf apr-1.4.6.tar.bz2
cd apr-1.4.6
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr --disable-ipv6
make && make install
tar xf apr-util-1.4.1.tar.bz2
cd apr-util-1.4.1
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr
make && make install
tar xf httpd-2.2.25.tar.bz2
cd httpd-2.2.25
./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/apache \
--sysconfdir=/etc/httpd \
--enable-so \
--enable-ssl \
--enable-cgi \
--enable-rewrite \
--with-zlib \
--with-pcre \
--with-apr=/usr/local/apr \
--with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util \
--enable-mpms-shared=all \
--with-mpm=event \
--enable-proxy \
--enable-proxy-http \
--enable-proxy-ajp \
--enable-proxy-balancer \
--enable-lbmethod-heartbeat \
--enable-heartbeat \
--enable-slotmem-shm \
--enable-slotmem-plain \
--enable-watchdog
make && make install
cp build/rpm/httpd.init /etc/init.d/httpd
vim /etc/init.d/httpd
httpd=${HTTPD-/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd}
pidfile=${PIDFILE-/usr/local/apache/logs/${prog}.pid}
lockfile=${LOCKFILE-/var/lock/subsys/${prog}}
RETVAL=0
# check for 1.3 configuration
check13 () {
CONFFILE=/etc/httpd/httpd.conf
echo "PATH=/usr/local/apache/bin:$PATH" >> /etc/profile.d/http.sh
. /etc/profile.d/http.sh
ln -s /usr/local/apache/include/ /usr/include/httpd
vim /etc/httpd/httpd.conf
LoadModule slotmem_shm_module modules/mod_slotmem_shm.so
ServerName localhost:80
chkconfig --add httpd
service httpd start
3、配置Apache使用mod_jk模块实现代理及负载均衡
######修改Apache主配置文件，包含一个文件并创建该文件；实现代理功能
将下面指令添加到文件末尾即可
# vim /etc/httpd/httpd.conf Include /etc/httpd/extra/mod_jk.conf
------------------------------------------------------------------------
创建文件添加如下内容
# vim /etc/httpd/extra/mod_jk.conf LoadModule jk_module modules/mod_jk.so JkWorkersFile /etc/httpd/extra/workers.properties JkLogFile logs/mod_jk.log JkLogLevel debug JkMount /* TomcatA JkMount /status/ stat1
------------------------------------------------------------------------
# vim /etc/httpd/extra/workers.properties worker.list=TomcatA,stat1 worker.TomcatA.port=8009 worker.TomcatA.host=172.16.14.3 worker.TomcatA.type=ajp13 worker.TomcatA.lbfactor=1 worker.stat1.type = status
----------------------------------------------------------------------
# service httpd restart
######修改后端Tomcat1服务器，添加一个虚拟主机并提供测试页面
[root@Tomcat1 ~]# cd /usr/local/tomcat/conf/
[root@Tomcat1 conf]# cp server.xml server.xml.bak
[root@Tomcat1 conf]# vim server.xml
######修改如下内容
<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="www.jsprun.com" jvmRoute="TomcatA">
######在"Engine"中添加如下内容
<Host name="www.jsprun.com" appBase="/jsprun"
unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve"
directory="logs"
prefix="jsprun_access_log." suffix=".txt"
pattern="%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b" />
<Context path="" docBase="/jsprun" />
</Host>
----------------------------------------------------------------------
######创建网站存放目录并创建测试页
[root@Tomcat1 ~]# mkdir /jsprun
[root@Tomcat1 ~]# vim /jsprun/index.jsp
<%@ page language="java" %>
<html>
<head><title>TomcatA</title></head>
<body>
<h1><font color="red">TomcatA </font></h1>
<table align="centre" border="1">
<tr>
<td>Session ID</td>
<% session.setAttribute("abc","abc"); %>
<td><%= session.getId() %></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Created on</td>
<td><%= session.getCreationTime() %></td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
----------------------------------------------------------------------
######修改Apache配置文件(mod_jk.conf、workers.properties)；实现负载均衡
# vim /etc/httpd/extra/mod_jk.conf
LoadModule jk_module modules/mod_jk.so
JkWorkersFile /etc/httpd/extra/workers.properties
JkLogFile logs/mod_jk.log
JkLogLevel debug
JkMount /* lbcluster
JkMount /status/ stat1
------------------------------------------------------------------------
# vim /etc/httpd/extra/workers.properties
worker.list=lbcluster,stat1
worker.TomcatA.port=8009
worker.TomcatA.host=172.16.14.3
worker.TomcatA.type=ajp13
worker.TomcatA.lbfactor=1
worker.TomcatB.port = 8009
worker.TomcatB.host=172.16.14.4
worker.TomcatB.type = ajp13
worker.TomcatB.lbfactor = 1
worker.lbcluster.type = lb
worker.lbcluster.sticky_session = 0 #取值为{1|0}1将用户session与后端服务器绑定，0
为不绑定，如果支持session复制或session共享可以设置为0
worker.lbcluster.balance_workers = TomcatA, TomcatB
worker.stat1.type = status
----------------------------------------------------------------------
# service httpd reload
######修改后端Tomcat2服务器，添加一个虚拟主机并提供测试页面
[root@Tomcat2 ~]# cd /usr/local/tomcat/conf/
[root@Tomcat2 conf]# cp server.xml server.xml.bak
[root@Tomcat2 conf]# vim server.xml
######修改如下内容
<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="www.jsprun.com" jvmRoute="TomcatB">
######在"Engine"中添加如下内容
<Host name="www.jsprun.com" appBase="/jsprun"
unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve"
directory="logs"
prefix="jsprun_access_log." suffix=".txt"
pattern="%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b" />
<Context path="" docBase="/jsprun" />
</Host>
----------------------------------------------------------------------
######创建网站存放目录并创建测试页
[root@Tomcat2 ~]# mkdir /jsprun
[root@Tomcat2 ~]# vim /jsprun/index.jsp
<%@ page language="java" %>
<html>
<head><title>TomcatB</title></head>
<body>
<h1><font color="blue">TomcatB </font></h1>
<table align="centre" border="1">
<tr>
<td>Session ID</td>
<% session.setAttribute("abc","abc"); %>
<td><%= session.getId() %></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Created on</td>
<td><%= session.getCreationTime() %></td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
4、配置Apache基于mod_proxy模块实现代理及负载均衡
######修改Apache的主配置文件，包含一个文件并创建该文件；实现代理功能
# vim /etc/httpd/httpd.conf
#Include /etc/httpd/extra/mod_jk.conf #注释此行
Include /etc/httpd/extra/mod_proxy.conf
------------------------------------------------------------------------
# vim /etc/httpd/extra/mod_proxy.conf
ProxyVia On
ProxyRequests Off
ProxyPreserveHost Off
<Proxy *>
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
</Proxy>
ProxyPass / ajp://172.16.14.3:8009/
ProxyPassReverse / ajp://172.16.14.3:8009/
<Location / >
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
</Location>
----------------------------------------------------------------------
# service httpd reload
=====================================================
=================
注释：
ProxyPass / ajp://172.16.14.3:8009/ #使用的是ajp协议
ProxyPassReverse / ajp://172.16.14.3:8009/
可以更改为使用http协议；如下
ProxyPass / http://172.16.14.3:8080/
ProxyPassReverse / http://172.16.14.3:8080/
######这里只演示使用ajp协议,如果是Apache与Tomcat结合建议使用ajp协议
######修改Apache配置文件(mod_proxy.conf)；实现负载均衡
# vim /etc/httpd/extra/mod_proxy.conf
ProxyVia Off
ProxyRequests Off
ProxyPreserveHost Off
<Proxy balancer://allen>
BalancerMember ajp://172.16.14.3:8009 loadfactor=1
BalancerMember ajp://172.16.14.4:8009 loadfactor=1
ProxySet lbmethod=bytraffic
</Proxy>
<Location /allen> #设置状态及管理页面
SetHandler balancer-manager
Proxypass !
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
</Location>
<Proxy *>
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
</Proxy>
ProxyPass / balancer://allen/ stickysession=JSESSIONID
ProxyPassReverse / balancer://allen/
<Location / >
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
</Location>
----------------------------------------------------------------------
注释：
BalancerMember ajp://172.16.14.3:8009 loadfactor=1 #使用ajp协议
BalancerMember ajp://172.16.14.4:8009 loadfactor=1
可更改为使用http协议
BalancerMember http://172.16.14.3:8080 loadfactor=1
BalancerMember http://172.16.14.4:8080 loadfactor=1
######这里只介绍使用ajp协议，如果有兴趣可以更改一下；loadfactor：权重
----------------------------------------------------------------------
ProxySet lbmethod=bytraffic #设置调度算法
byrequests：即基于权重将统计请求个数进行调度(默认)
bytraffic：则执行基于权重的流量计数调度
bybusyness：通过考量每个后端服务器的当前负载进行调度
----------------------------------------------------------------------
# service httpd reload
5、论坛安装
######在Tomcat1服务器上安装
# unzip JspRun\!_6.0.0_GBK.zip
# mv /web/allen/index.jsp /web/allen/test.jsp
# cp -r upload/* /web/allen/
------------------------------------------------------------------------
修改论坛数据库连接文件
# vim /web/allen/config.properties
dbhost = 172.16.14.5
dbport=3306
dbuser = bbsuser
dbpw = bbspass
dbname = bbs
------------------------------------------------------------------------
# catalina.sh stop
# catalina.sh start
######安装论坛程序
http://172.16.14.1/install.jsp
######将论坛程序拷贝到Tomcat2服务器上一份并访问测试
# mv /web/allen/index.jsp /web/allen/test.jsp #把原来的测试页重命名
------------------------------------------------------------------------
# scp -r 172.16.14.3:/web/allen/* /web/allen/
# catalina.sh stop
# catalina.sh start
6、安装并配置Keepalived
######将Apache1服务器的Httpd配置文件复制到Apache2服务器
[root@Apache1 ~]# cd /etc/httpd/
[root@Apache1 httpd]# scp httpd.conf 172.16.14.2:/etc/httpd/
[root@Apache1 httpd]# cd extra/
[root@Apache1 extra]# scp mod_jk.conf mod_proxy.conf workers.properties
172.16.14.2:/etc/httpd/extra/
######在Apache1与Apache2服务器上安装Keepalived；这里使用rpm包安装，光
盘映像中有
[root@Apache1 ~]# yum -y install keepalived
--------------------------------------------
[root@Apache2 ~]# yum -y install keepalived
######配置Apache1服务器上的Keepalived
[root@Apache1 ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
notification_email {
root@localhost
}
notification_email_from [email protected]
smtp_server 172.16.0.0
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id LVS_ALLEN
}
vrrp_script chk_httpd {
script "killall -0 httpd"
interval 1
weight -2
}
vrrp_instance httpd_1 {
state MASTER
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 58
priority 100
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1058
}
virtual_ipaddress {
172.16.14.10
}
track_script {
chk_httpd
}
}
[root@Apache1 ~]# service keepalived start
[root@Apache1 ~]# chkconfig keepalived on
[root@Apache1 ~]# chkconfig --list keepalived
keepalived 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
[root@Apache1 ~]# ip addr show eth0
######配置Apache2服务器上的Keepalived
[root@Apache2 ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
notification_email {
root@localhost
}
notification_email_from [email protected]
smtp_server 172.16.0.0
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id LVS_ALLEN
}
vrrp_script chk_httpd {
script "killall -0 httpd"
interval 1
weight -2
}
vrrp_instance httpd_1 {
state BACKUP
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 58
priority 99
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1058
}
virtual_ipaddress {
172.16.14.10
}
track_script {
chk_httpd
}
}
[root@Apache2 ~]# service keepalived start
[root@Apache2 ~]# chkconfig --list keepalived
keepalived 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
######模拟前端一台服务器出现故障；查看虚拟IP是否转移
######停止Apache1服务器上的Httpd服务来模拟故障；并查看IP
[root@Apache1 ~]# service httpd stop
[root@Apache1 ~]# ip addr show eth0
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state
UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:2c:1a:24 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.16.14.1/16 brd 172.16.255.255 scope global eth0
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe2c:1a24/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
=====================================================
===================
######查看Apache2服务器上的IP
[root@Apache2 ~]# ip addr show eth0
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state
UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:ec:f6:3f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.16.14.2/16 brd 172.16.255.255 scope global eth0
inet 172.16.14.10/32 scope global eth0
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:feec:f63f/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
######从上一步可以看出，虚拟IP地址已成功转移，说明还能正常提供服务，可以
再次访问测试；如果服务器修复好重新上线，虚拟IP还会转移回去；这里就不再测试