磁盘配额

 一、quota实例：
1、创建用户与群组 
vim addaccount.sh
#!/bin/bash
#
groupadd myquotagrp
for username in myquota1 myquota2 myquota3 myquota4 myquota5
do
useradd -g myquotagrp $username
echo "password" | passwd --stdin $username
done
2、创建磁盘并格式化（VFAT除外）
fdisk /dev/sdb------>sdb5#自行创建，这里默认sdb5
mkfs.ext4  /dev/sdb5
e2label  /dev/sdb5  quota
(1)vim  /etc/fstab   #编辑 fstab文件让系统启动时挂载quota
添加LABEL=quota     /mnt/quota              ext4    defaults,usrquota,grpquota      1 2
(2)mount  /dev/sdb5  /mnt/quota
mount  -o  remount,usrquota,grpquota  /mnt/quota  #注意quota参数
mount  -a
df  -h 查看挂载信息
mount  |  grep  /mnt/quota 
13:/dev/sdb5 on /mnt/quota type ext4 (rw,usrquota,grpquota)
cat  /etc/mtab  这个档案，系统会同步更新
3、建立quota记录文件
#对整个系统含有 usrquota, grpquota 参数的文件系统进行 quotacheck 扫瞄  
[root@localhost quota]# quotacheck -avug  
-bash: command not found
[root@localhost quota]#  yum install quota 安装quota
quotacheck  -avug  #自动生成记录文件
错误信息
Your kernel probably supports journaled quota but you are not using it. Consider switching to journaled quota to avoid running quotacheck after an unclean shutdown.
quotacheck: Scanning /dev/sdb5 [/quota] done
quotacheck: Cannot stat old user quota file /quota/aquota.user: No such file or directory. Usage will not be substracted.等等
此时在/mnt/quota/中查看是否存在记录文件（当然此时不会有的）
这是由于SElinux 的原因
setenfource 0
查看getenfource 
Permissive
再次执行quotacheck  -avug
[root@localhost quota]# quotacheck -avug
quotacheck: Your kernel probably supports journaled quota but you are not using it. Consider switching to journaled quota to avoid running quotacheck after an unclean shutdown.
quotacheck: Quota for users is enabled on mountpoint /quota so quotacheck might damage the file.
Please turn quotas off or use -f to force checking.
[root@localhost quota]# ls
aquota.group  aquota.user  lost+found
4、quota启动、关闭与限制值设定
(1)开启quota
[root@localhost quota]# quotaon  -avug
这里【quotaon  -avug】的指令几乎只在第一次启动时才需要进行，因为在下次启动时/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit这个初始化脚本就会自动的下达这个命令了！未来都不需要自行启动quota。
(2)编辑账号、群组的限值与宽限时间
edquota  -u  myquota1 #自行设置
Disk quotas for user myquota1 (uid 4027):
Filesystem                   blocks       soft       hard     inodes     soft     hard
/dev/sdb5                    101378     100000     110000          1        0        0
这里7个字段分别为：
1、文件系统    2、磁盘容量    3、磁盘容量的soft限制值单位KB    4、block的hard限制值，单位KB    
5、档案数量，单位为个数，请不要更动    6、inode的soft限制值    7、inode的hard限制值
当soft/hard为0时，表示没有限制值的意思
[root@localhost quota]# edquota  -p  myquota1  -u  myquota2
[root@localhost quota]# edquota  -p  myquota1  -u  myquota3
[root@localhost quota]# edquota  -p  myquota1  -u  myquota4
[root@localhost quota]# edquota  -p  myquota1  -u  myquota5
[root@localhost quota]# edquota  -g  myquotagrp
Disk quotas for group myquotagrp (gid 4027):
Filesystem                   blocks       soft       hard     inodes     soft     hard
/dev/sdb5                    101379     400000     500000          2        0        0
[root@localhost quota]# edquota  -t
Grace period before enforcing soft limits for users:
Time units may be: days, hours, minutes, or seconds
Filesystem             Block grace period     Inode grace period
/dev/sdb5                    14days                 14days
5、quota限制值的报表
[root@localhost quota]# quota  -uvs  myquota1  myquota2
[root@localhost quota]# quota  -gvs  myquotagrp
[root@localhost quota]# repquota  -ugvs
*** Report for user quotas on device /dev/sdb5
Block grace time: 14days; Inode grace time: 14days
                        Block limits                File limits
User            used    soft    hard  grace    used  soft  hard  grace
----------------------------------------------------------------------
root      --      13       0       0              2     0     0      
myquota1  +-  101378  100000    108M 13days       1     0     0      
myquota2  --       0  100000    108M              0     0     0      
myquota3  --       0  100000    108M              0     0     0      
myquota4  --       0  100000    108M              0     0     0      
myquota5  --       0  100000    108M              0     0     0       

Statistics:
Total blocks: 7
Data blocks: 1
Entries: 6
Used average: 6.000000
6、quota的测试与管理
[root@localhost ~]# su - myquota1
[myquota1@localhost ~]$ cd /mnt/quota/
[myquota1@localhost quota]$ dd if=/dev/zero of=bigfile1 bs=1M count=100
[root@localhost ~]# repquota -au
*** Report for user quotas on device /dev/sdb5
Block grace time: 14days; Inode grace time: 14days
                        Block limits                File limits
User            used    soft    hard  grace    used  soft  hard  grace
----------------------------------------------------------------------
root      --      13       0       0              2     0     0      
myquota1  +-  101378  100000  110000 13days       1     0     0    

###########编辑一下档案进行限额操作且可不同的限额针对不同的使用者##########

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/warnquota.conf
You have mail in /var/spool/mail/root
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/cron.daily/
cups             makewhatis.cron  prelink          rhsmd
logrotate        mlocate.cron     readahead.cron   tmpwatch
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/cron.daily/warmquota /usr/sbin/warnquota
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某些地方可能不够详细，还请自行在论坛、博客deng查找命令、理论等相关信息
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