路由交换之---------------路由器上一些好用的命令
setup 重启启动配置文件
fwc01>
fwc01>
fwc01>en
fwc01>enable
Password:
fwc01#setup
--- System Configuration Dialog ---
Continue with configuration dialog? [yes/no]:
？ 列出所有的参数或者子命令
fwc01#e ?
% Ambiguous command: "e "
fwc01#e?
enable erase exit
fwc01#e
tab 补全命令，当你输入前面一部分字母时，tab可以补足，假如没有反应，那么可能你所在的模式有问题
show history 查看历史命令
fwc01#show histo
fwc01#show history
enable
setup
show history
fwc01#
terminal history size 数字 修改历史命令的条数
fwc01#show history
enable
setup
show history
terminal history size 5
show history
fwc01#terminal history size 4
fwc01#show history
terminal history size 5
show history
terminal history size 4
show history
arp -a 查看当前的arp缓存
C:\Users\Administrator>arp -a
接口: 192.168.1.106 --- 0xd
Internet 地址 物理地址 类型
192.168.1.1 00-5a-39-05-98-14 动态
192.168.1.112 0c-d2-92-76-0d-2c 动态
192.168.1.255 ff-ff-ff-ff-ff-ff 静态
224.0.0.22 01-00-5e-00-00-16 静态
224.0.0.251 01-00-5e-00-00-fb 静态
224.0.0.252 01-00-5e-00-00-fc 静态
239.1.1.1 01-00-5e-01-01-01 静态
239.1.1.29 01-00-5e-01-01-1d 静态
239.11.20.1 01-00-5e-0b-14-01 静态
239.255.255.250 01-00-5e-7f-ff-fa 静态
255.255.255.255 ff-ff-ff-ff-ff-ff 静态
接口: 192.168.121.1 --- 0xf
Internet 地址 物理地址 类型
192.168.121.255 ff-ff-ff-ff-ff-ff 静态
224.0.0.22 01-00-5e-00-00-16 静态
224.0.0.251 01-00-5e-00-00-fb 静态
224.0.0.252 01-00-5e-00-00-fc 静态
239.1.1.1 01-00-5e-01-01-01 静态
239.1.1.29 01-00-5e-01-01-1d 静态
239.11.20.1 01-00-5e-0b-14-01 静态
239.255.255.250 01-00-5e-7f-ff-fa 静态
接口: 192.168.3.1 --- 0x10
Internet 地址 物理地址 类型
192.168.3.255 ff-ff-ff-ff-ff-ff 静态
224.0.0.22 01-00-5e-00-00-16 静态
224.0.0.251 01-00-5e-00-00-fb 静态
224.0.0.252 01-00-5e-00-00-fc 静态
239.1.1.1 01-00-5e-01-01-01 静态
239.1.1.29 01-00-5e-01-01-1d 静态
239.11.20.1 01-00-5e-0b-14-01 静态
239.255.255.250 01-00-5e-7f-ff-fa 静态
C:\Users\Administrator>
show arp 查看arp缓存（路由器和交换机一样）
fwc01#show arp
fwc01#
查看快速以太网接口0/0的参数
fwc01#show interfaces fastEthernet 0/0
FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is down (disabled)
Hardware is Lance, address is 0007.ecc3.4d01 (bia 0007.ecc3.4d01)
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 100000 Kbit, DLY 100 usec,
reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set
ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00,
Last input 00:00:08, output 00:00:05, output hang never
Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
Input queue: 0/75/0 (size/max/drops); Total output drops: 0
Queueing strategy: fifo
Output queue :0/40 (size/max)
5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
0 packets input, 0 bytes, 0 no buffer
Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort
0 input packets with dribble condition detected
0 packets output, 0 bytes, 0 underruns
0 output errors, 0 collisions, 1 interface resets
0 babbles, 0 late collision, 0 deferred
0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier
0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
fwc01#
给路由器改名
fwc01#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
fwc01(config)#host
fwc01(config)#hostname fwc
fwc(config)#
修改路由器的加密使能密码
fwc(config)#enable secret 123456
fwc(config)#exit
fwc#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
fwc#exit
fwc con0 is now available
Press RETURN to get started.
fwc>en
fwc>enable
Password: //123456
fwc#
修改路由器接口的IP地址
fwc(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.100 255.255.255.0
% 192.168.1.0 overlaps with Vlan1 //同一路由器的不同接口，不能呢个配置成相同的网段
因为vlan1的ip是192.168.1.100 所以不可以
fwc(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.100 255.255.255.0
fwc(config-if)#eexit
^
% Invalid input detected at '^' marker.
fwc(config-if)#exit
fwc(config)#exit
fwc#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
fwc#show int
fwc#show interfaces v
fwc#show interfaces vl
fwc#show interfaces vlan
% Incomplete command.
fwc#show interfaces vlan1
Vlan1 is up, line protocol is down
Hardware is CPU Interface, address is 0030.a347.5ada (bia 0030.a347.5ada)
Internet address is 192.168.1.100/24
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 100000 Kbit, DLY 1000000 usec,
临时将路由器的某个端口关闭
fwc#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
fwc(config)#inte
fwc(config)#interface fa
fwc(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0
fwc(config-if)#shut
fwc(config-if)#shutdown
fwc(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to administratively down
激活接口
fwc(config-if)#no shutd
fwc(config-if)#no shutdown
fwc(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
删除某接口ip
fwc(config-if)#no ip add
fwc(config-if)#no ip address
fwc(config-if)#end
fwc#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
fwc#show int
fwc#show interfaces fas
fwc#show interfaces fastEthernet 0/0
FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is down (disabled)
Hardware is Lance, address is 0007.ecc3.4d01 (bia 0007.ecc3.4d01)
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 100000 Kbit, DLY 100 usec,
reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
设置登录终端线时的密码
fwc#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
fwc(config)#line vty 0 4
fwc(config-line)#pass
fwc(config-line)#password fwc
fwc(config-line)#
远程登录测试
PC>telnet 192.168.2.100
Trying 192.168.2.100 ...Open
User Access Verification
Password: //fwc
fwc>
设置登录终端时检查密码
fwc(config-line)#line vty 0 4
fwc(config-line)#login
fwc(config-line)#
设置中短线超市时间
fwc(config)#line vty 0 4
fwc(config-line)#ex
fwc(config-line)#exe
fwc(config-line)#exec-timeout 5 30 5分钟30 秒没有键盘输入则强制断开
fwc(config-line)#
路由器上测试物理设备的连通性
fwc#ping 192.168.2.50
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.2.50, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!! //感叹号显示出每一个成功的响应
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 0/0/0 ms
fwc#
fwc#ping 192.168.2.51
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.2.51, timeout is 2 seconds:
..... //点便是等待回包超时
Success rate is 0 percent (0/5)
扩展ping命令
fwc#ping
Protocol [ip]: ip
Target IP address: 192.168.2.50
Repeat count [5]: 10
Datagram size [100]: 500
Timeout in seconds [2]:
Extended commands [n]: y
Source address or interface:
Type of service [0]:
Set DF bit in IP header? [no]:
Validate reply data? [no]:
Data pattern [0xABCD]:
Loose, Strict, Record, Timestamp, Verbose[none]:
Sweep range of sizes [n]:
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 10, 500-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.2.50, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (10/10), round-trip min/avg/max = 0/0/2 ms
输入错误的时候很快得到结果
fwc(config)#no ip domain-lookup
fwc(config)#end
fwc#pimh
Translating "pimh"
% Unknown command or computer name, or unable to find computer address
fwc#
查看那版本信息
fwc01#show version
Cisco IOS Software, 2800 Software (C2800NM-ADVIPSERVICESK9-M), Version 12.4(15)T1, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc2)
Technical Support: http://www.cisco.com/techsupport
Copyright (c) 1986-2007 by Cisco Systems, Inc.
Compiled Wed 18-Jul-07 06:21 by pt_rel_team
ROM: System Bootstrap, Version 12.1(3r)T2, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)
Copyright (c) 2000 by cisco Systems, Inc.
System returned to ROM by power-on
System image file is "c2800nm-advipservicesk9-mz.124-15.T1.bin"
This product contains cryptographic features and is subject to United
States and local country laws governing import, export, transfer and
use. Delivery of Cisco cryptographic products does not imply
third-party authority to import, export, distribute or use encryption.
Importers, exporters, distributors and users are responsible for
compliance with U.S. and local country laws. By using this product you
agree to comply with applicable laws and regulations. If you are unable
to comply with U.S. and local laws, return this product immediately.
A summary of U.S. laws governing Cisco cryptographic products may be found at:
http://www.cisco.com/wwl/export/crypto/tool/stqrg.html
查看路由器运行配置文件
fwc01#show running-config
Building configuration...
Current configuration : 572 bytes
!
version 12.4
no service timestamps log datetime msec
no service timestamps debug datetime msec
no service password-encryption
!
hostname fwc01
!
!
!
enable secret 5 $1$mERr$BGRevRmQDV0QPJf2zvZKM1
enable password 123456
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
spanning-tree mode pvst
!
!
!
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
no ip address
duplex auto
speed auto
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
no ip address
duplex auto
speed auto
!
interface Vlan1
ip address 192.168.1.100 255.255.255.0
!
ip classless
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
line con 0
!
line aux 0
!
line vty 0 4
password 111111
login
!
!
!
end
fwc01#
查看那启动配置文件
fwc01# show startup-config
Using 572 bytes
!
version 12.4
no service timestamps log datetime msec
no service timestamps debug datetime msec
no service password-encryption
!
hostname fwc01
!
!
!
enable secret 5 $1$mERr$BGRevRmQDV0QPJf2zvZKM1
enable password 123456
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
spanning-tree mode pvst
!
!
!
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
no ip address
duplex auto
speed auto
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
no ip address
duplex auto
speed auto
!
interface Vlan1
ip address 192.168.1.100 255.255.255.0
!
ip classless
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
line con 0
!
line aux 0
!
line vty 0 4
password 111111
login
!
!
!
end
fwc01#
将内存中运行配置文件存储到nvram中
fwc01#copy running-config startup-config
Destination filename [startup-config]?
Building configuration...
[OK]
fwc01#
将NVRAM中的启动配置文件的内容复制到RAM中
fwc01#copy startup-config running-config
Destination filename [running-config]?
572 bytes copied in 0.416 secs (1375 bytes/sec)
fwc01#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
fwc01#