apache配置SSL

http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-16979052-id-3549100.html

一：制作根CA

　　要制作最高层认证中心，可以以一般使用者权限来做，不一定要是 root 。但如果做出来的最高层认证中心，是整个组织签发凭证要用的，建议以 root 的权限来做，比较安全。同理，制作凭证，也可以以一般使用者权限来做。但如果做出来的凭证，是这个伺服器要用的，为安全起见，建议以 root 的权限来做．

　　1：设定相关目录

[root@redhat ~]# mkdir -pv /etc/ssl 

mkdir: created directory `/etc/ssl' 

[root@redhat ~]# mkdir -pv /etc/ssl/private 

mkdir: created directory `/etc/ssl/private' 

[root@redhat ~]# chmod og-rwx /etc/ssl/private/ 

[root@redhat ~]# mkdir -pv /etc/ssl/certs 

mkdir: created directory `/etc/ssl/certs' 

[root@redhat ~]# mkdir -pv /etc/ssl/crl 

mkdir: created directory `/etc/ssl/crl' 

[root@redhat ~]#mkdir -pv /etc/ssl/newcerts 

mkdir: created directory `/etc/ssl/newcerts'

　　2：设定openssl配置文件

[root@redhat ~]# mv /usr/share/ssl/openssl.cnf /etc/ssl/ 

[root@redhat ~]# ln -sv /etc/ssl/openssl.cnf /usr/share/ssl/openssl.cnf 

create symbolic link `/usr/share/ssl/openssl.cnf' to `/etc/ssl/openssl.cnf' 

[root@redhat ~]# export OPENSSL_CONF="/etc/ssl/openssl.cnf" 

[root@redhat ~]# echo "# OpenSSL Setting Locate" >> ~/.bashrc 

[root@redhat ~]# echo "export OPENSSL_CONF=\"/etc/ssl/openssl.cnf\"" >> ~/.bashrc 

[root@redhat ~]# openssl rand -out /etc/ssl/private/.rand 1024 ##制作随机数 

[root@redhat ~]# chmod og-rwx /etc/ssl/private/.rand 

[root@redhat ~]# vi /etc/ssl/openssl.cnf ##编辑配置文件 

dir = /etc/ssl

　　3：制作根CA的私钥

　　命令中genrsa是表示生成rsa格式的私钥，-des3是指使用的加密算法；-out是指私钥的输出路径；2048是指加密的位数．

[root@redhat ~]# openssl genrsa -des3 -out /etc/ssl/private/redhatroot.key 2048 

Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus 

..........+++ 

.....................................+++ 

e is 65537 (0x10001) 

Enter pass phrase for /etc/ssl/private/redhatroot.key: ##这里提示输入密码 

Verifying - Enter pass phrase for /etc/ssl/private/redhatroot.key: 

[root@redhat ~]# chmod og-rwx /etc/ssl/private/redhatroot.key

　　4：填写凭证申请书

　　凭证申请书，是把你的资料，和这个 Public Key 夹在一起，以便认证中心审核，签上签名用的。所以这个步骤，会问你这个 Key 的相关资料，包括国家、城市、单位名称、部门名称、凭证名称、联络人的信箱，以及申请的效期等等。请一一填写。

[root@redhat ~]# openssl req -new -key /etc/ssl/private/redhatroot.key -out /tmp/redhatroot.req 

Enter pass phrase for /etc/ssl/private/redhatroot.key: ##输入上面生成redhatroot.key时设置密码

You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated 

into your certificate request. 

What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN. 

There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank 

For some fields there will be a default value, 

If you enter '.', the field will be left blank. 

----- 

Country Name (2 letter code) [GB]:CN 

State or Province Name (full name) [Berkshire]:GD 

Locality Name (eg, city) [Newbury]:Dong Guan 

Organization Name (eg, company) [My Company Ltd]:none 

Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:redhat 

Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:redhat 

Email Address []:[email protected] 

Please enter the following 'extra' attributes 

to be sent with your certificate request 

A challenge password []: 

An optional company name []:

　　5：签发凭证，创建根CA

　　根CA因为没有上级了，没有人能给它签名，只能自己给自己签名．根CA最好永远不要过期。要是过期重签，所有原来它签发的凭证也都要重签，所有 SSL 程式也都要重新设定。所以我们效期签 7305 天（大约 20年）。若不设效期的话，预设是 30 天（一个月）。redhatroot.crt 是公钥凭证，要尽量散出去，让大家用。最好放到内部网路上，或放到网站上，让大家自己下载，自己加进去。

如：windows添加CA信任

下载ca证书到本地

可以 certmgr.msc打开证书管理控制台查看删除等。

[root@redhat ~]# openssl x509 -req -days 7305 -sha256 -extfile /etc/ssl/openssl.cnf \ 

-extensions v3_ca -signkey /etc/ssl/private/redhatroot.key -in /tmp/redhatroot.req \ 

-out /etc/ssl/certs/redhatroot.crt 

Signature ok 

subject=/C=CN/ST=GD/L=Dong Guan/O=none/OU=redhat/CN=redhat/[email protected] 

Getting Private key 

Enter pass phrase for /etc/ssl/private/redhatroot.key: ##输入上面生成redhatroot.key时设置密码

[root@redhat ~]# rm -f /tmp/redhatroot.req ##签完凭证，凭证申请书就不用了，可以删掉。

二：创建web证书

　　1：生成证书私钥

[root@redhat ~]# openssl genrsa -out /etc/ssl/private/myhost.key 2048 

Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus 

..................+++ 

.............................................................................................................+++ 

e is 65537 (0x10001) 

[root@redhat ~]# chmod og-rwx /etc/ssl/private/myhost.key

　　2：填写凭证申请书

　　被问及Common Name的时候，请输入你的web服务器的完全限定域名（FQDN）例如：redhat.test.com．当被问及A challenge password的时候，直接按回车继续。如果你没有在第二步从key中把passphrase删除，那么每次你运行/usr/local/httpd/apachectl　start启动服务器的时候你都要输入密码。这也就意味着如果你的服务器因为某些原因重新启动了，除非你在服务器旁手动敲入了密码，否则你的web服务器就不会启动。

[root@redhat ~]# openssl req -new -key /etc/ssl/private/myhost.key -out /tmp/myhost.req 

You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated 

into your certificate request. 

What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN. 

There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank 

For some fields there will be a default value, 

If you enter '.', the field will be left blank. 

----- 

Country Name (2 letter code) [GB]:CN 

State or Province Name (full name) [Berkshire]:GD 

Locality Name (eg, city) [Newbury]:Dong Guan 

Organization Name (eg, company) [My Company Ltd]:none 

Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:www 

Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:redhat.test.com  ##也可以使用*.test.com  这里很重要

Email Address []:[email protected] 

Please enter the following 'extra' attributes 

to be sent with your certificate request 

A challenge password []: ##这里不要输入密码 

An optional company name []:

　　3：生成web证书

[root@redhat ~]# openssl x509 -req -days 3650 -sha256 -extfile \ 

/etc/ssl/openssl.cnf -extensions v3_req -CA /etc/ssl/certs/redhatroot.crt \ 

-CAkey /etc/ssl/private/redhatroot.key -CAserial /etc/ssl/redhatroot.srl -CAcreateserial \ 

-in /tmp/myhost.req -out /etc/ssl/certs/myhost.crt 

Signature ok 

subject=/C=CN/ST=GD/L=Dong Guan/O=none/OU=www/CN=redhat.test.com/[email protected] 

Getting CA Private Key 

Enter pass phrase for /etc/ssl/private/redhatroot.key: 

[root@redhat ~]# rm -f /tmp/myhost.req

三：配置Apache

　　1：编辑httpd.conf

　　编辑httpd.conf的内容以启用ssl支持，如果在安装apache时没有加载ssl模块，那么需要重新安装或编译．需启用LoadModule ssl_module modules/mod_ssl.so（第80行）及 Include /etc/httpd/extra/httpd-ssl.conf（第456行）

[root@redhat ~]# vi /etc/httpd/httpd.conf 

LoadModule ssl_module modules/mod_ssl.so ##启用这两行 

Include /etc/httpd/extra/httpd-ssl.conf 

#<VirtualHost *:80> 

#ServerName redhat.test.com　　##注释这几行，如果有的话 

#DocumentRoot /var/www/extsuite/extmail/html/ 

#ScriptAlias /extmail/cgi /var/www/extsuite/extmail/cgi 

#Alias /extmail /var/www/extsuite/extmail/html 

#ScriptAlias /extman/cgi /var/www/extsuite/extman/cgi 

#Alias /extman /var/www/extsuite/extman/html 

#SuexecUserGroup vmail vmail 

#Alias /phpadmin /var/www/phpadmin 

#</VirtualHost>

　　2：添加相关证书文件

[root@redhat ~]# cp /etc/ssl/certs/myhost.crt /etc/httpd/server.crt 

[root@redhat ~]# cp /etc/ssl/private/myhost.key /etc/httpd/server.key

　　3：设置httpd-ssl.conf文件

　　对照修改以下的地方就可以了，重启后Apache就可以支持SSL了．

[root@redhat ~]# vi /etc/httpd/extra/httpd-ssl.conf 

<VirtualHost _default_:443>

# General setup for the virtual host 

#DocumentRoot "/usr/local/httpd/htdocs" 

#ServerName [url]www.example.com:443[/url] 

#ServerAdmin [email protected] 

ServerName redhat.test.com:443 

DocumentRoot /var/www/extsuite/extmail/html/ 

ScriptAlias /extmail/cgi /var/www/extsuite/extmail/cgi 

Alias /extmail /var/www/extsuite/extmail/html 

ScriptAlias /extman/cgi /var/www/extsuite/extman/cgi 

Alias /extman /var/www/extsuite/extman/html 

SuexecUserGroup vmail vmail 

Alias /phpadmin /var/www/phpadmin 

ErrorLog /usr/local/httpd/logs/error_log 

TransferLog /usr/local/httpd/logs/access_log

# SSL Engine Switch:

　　4：重启服务

[root@redhat ~]# /usr/local/httpd/bin/apachectl stop 

[root@redhat ~]# /usr/local/httpd/bin/apachectl start