代词---不定代词

第三章、不定代词的用法

 

1. some ， any

(1) some 多用于肯定句，修饰复数可数名词和不可数名词，作 “ 一些 ” 解。它还可修饰单数可数名词，作 “ 某一 ” 解。如：
H-5 avian influenza first broke out in some Asian countries.
H-5 型禽流感首先在亚洲爆发。
Some people are early risers. 有些人起得很早。

(2) any 通常用于否定句、疑问句或条件句，修饰单数或复数可数名词以及不可数名词。
If there are any new magazines in the library, take some for me.
图书馆如果来了新杂志，替我借几本。
Are there any stamps in the drawer? 抽屉里有邮票吗？
Is there any money with you? 你身上带钱了吗？

(3) any 还可以用于肯定句，作 “ 任何的 ” 解。
You can come here any time. 你什么时候来都行。
You can get it at any shop. 你可以在任何一家商店买到它。

2. either ， both ， all

(1) either 表示 “ 两者中的任何一个 ” 。
Either of the brothers is selfish. 两兄弟都非常自私。
Either will do. 两个都行。

(2) both“ 两个都 ” ，修饰可数名词，统指两者。
Tom and Jack both made some progress. 汤姆和杰克两个都有所进步。
Both of them should make concessions. 他们双方都应做出让步。

(3) all“ 全部，所有的 ” ，修饰可数名词和不可数名词，指两个以上的人或物。
All the students contributed to the fund.
所有的学生都为基金会捐了款。
All of the money has been spent. 钱都花完了。
We are all for you. 我们都支持你。
Say all you know and say it without reserve. 知无不言，言无不尽。

3. no ， neither ， none

(1) no“ 不 ” ，可修饰单数和复数可数名词以及不可数名词。
Time and tide wait for no man. 时不我待。
There are no clouds in the sky. 天上没有云。
I have no money for such things. 我没钱买这些东西。

(2) neither“ 两者中哪个都不 ” ，其所指范围是两个人或物。
Neither answer is correct. 两个答案都不对。
Neither of the two countries is satisfied with the result of the talk.
两个国家都不满意会谈的结果。

(3) none“ 没有一个人或东西 ” ，它既可指可数名词（其所指范围是两个以上的人或物），又可指不可数名词。
All of the trees were cut down, and none was were. left.
所有的树都被砍了，一棵也不剩。
None of the students failed the examination.
没有一个学生考试不及格。
None of this money is his. 这笔钱没有一点儿是他的。

4. few, a few ， little, a little

(1) few 的意思是 “ 没有几个 ” ； a few 的意思是 “ 少数 ” ， “ 几个 ” ； 修饰可数名词； a few 表示肯定意义， few 表示否定意义。
The problem is so difficult that few people can solve it.
这个问题太难了，几乎没人能做出来。
Only a few people can solve this problem. 只有几个人能解决这个问题。
Few of them want to go. 他们中几乎没有人想去。
A few of them want to go. 他们中有几个人想去。

(2) little“ 没有多少 ” ， a little“ 少量 ” ，修饰不可数名词； a little 表示肯定意义， little 表示否定意义。如：
There is little rainfall this spring. 今年春季雨水很少。
Although it did not rain for the whole month, there is a little water in the pond.
虽然整整一个月没下雨了，但池塘里还有一点水。

5. many ， much ， most

(1) many 用于修饰可数名词。
Many of the problems have been solved. 大部分问题已经解决了。
Many think that the situation will change soon. 很多人认为局势会很快改变。

(2) much 用于修饰不可数名词。
Much of the money has been spent. 这笔钱的大部分已经被花掉了。
They have finished much of the work. 他们已经完成了大部分的工作。

6. another ， other ， the other ， others ， the others

(1) another 指同类中多个东西中的 “ 另一个 ” （即 one more ）。
This watch doesn't work, I must get another one.
这块表坏了，我该另买一块了。
He went back to work too soon ， and was laid up for another three months.
他回去上班过早，结果又病倒三个月。
但要注意： other 与物主限定词连用也可指余下的另一个或全部。如：
Use your other hand. 用你的另一只手。
Mary is older than me but my other sisters are younger.
玛丽比我大，其余的都是我妹妹。

(2) other 单独使用时指其他的、另外的人或物。
There must be some other reason for him refusing to help.
他不予帮助一定另有原因。
I saw Tom with some other fellow students.
我看见汤姆和其他一些同学在一起。

(3) the otherone/ones. 指同类中余下的另一个或另一些。
I'll have to use our duplicate key. I lost the other one.
我不得不用我们的备用钥匙了，我把那一把丢了。
Where are the other students? 其他学生去哪儿了？
One of the murderers was caught, but the other is still at large.
一个凶手被抓住了，另一个却依然逍遥法外。

(4) others 是 other 的复数形式，指其他的、另外的人或物。
We should not think only of our children, there are others to be cared for also.
我们不应该只想到自己的孩子，还有别的孩子也需要照顾。
Others may object to this plan. 别人可能会反对这个计划。

(5) the others 表示同类中余下的全部。
The search party was divided into two groups. Some went to the right, the others went to the left.
搜寻小组一分为二，一部分人向右，另一部分向左。
Jenny is cleverer than any of. the others in her class.
珍妮比班上的其他（任何）人都聪明。

7. 复合不定代词 someone somebody, something, anyoneanybody, anything, no onenobody, nothing, everyone everybody, everything

(1) someone, somebody 某人和 something 某物
Someone is asking to see you. 有人要见你。
Someone suggests putting off the meeting. 有人建议推迟会议。
There's something wrong with the machine. 机器出了毛病。
Something strange happened last night. 昨晚发生了件奇怪的事。

(2) anyone, anybody 任何人和 anything 任何事情
Anybody can do this work. It's very simple.
这事太简单了，人人都能做。
Did you meet anyone on your way home? 你回家的路上碰到什么人了吗？
He faltered ： Is anything wrong ？ 他支支唔唔地说： “ 有什么错吗？ ”
He did not say anything after that. 这以后他再也没说什么。

(3) no one, nobody 没有人 . 和 nothing （没有东西）。
I'm not somebody. I'm nobody. 我不是重要人物，我是个无名小卒。
No one wants to do that. 没人愿做那种事。
Nobody is absent. 没有人缺席。
That's nothing. 那没有什么。
He said he knew nothing about it. 他说他对那事一无所知。

(4) everyone, everybody （每个人）和 everything （每样东西，一切事物）。
She said good-bye to everyone. 她和每个人告别。
Everybody's business is nobody's business. 事关大家无人管。
Everything is ready for the experiment. 实验的一切都准备好了。
This news means everything to us. 这个消息对我们至关重要。