三
.
三台路由器静态路由和默认路由实验
下面的知识点要清楚理解的
.
具体做法在实验中显示出来
Static Routing and default Routing
静态路由管理距离
1
静态路由使用在现实生活中就是点对点
动态路由是每秒更新的
下一跳地址不等同于下一跳路由
扩展
ping
的用法
S 192.168.50.0 [1/0]via 192.168.20.2
S
代表静态路由
[1/0]
分别为管理距离和度量值
Ip route [
目标地址
][
目标地址子网掩码
][
下一跳地址
]
默认路由
IP route 0.0.0 .0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1
S*
表示默认路由
这个知识点要记住:
默认的管理距离
路由源
默认
连接接口
0
静态路由
1
EIGRP 90
IGRP 100
OSPF 110
RIP 120
Extemal EIGRP 170
未知
255 (
这个路由将决不会被使用
)
三台路由的静态路由实验
实验用的拓扑图:
先为三台路由配置基本的
IP
地址
R1
R1(config)#interface f0/0
R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no shut
R1(config-if)#interface serial1/0
R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no shut
R2
R2(config)#interface serial1/0
R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#clock rate 64000
R2(config-if)#no shut
R2(config-if)#interface serial1/1
R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#clock rate 64000
R2(config-if)#no shut
R3
R3(config)#interface f0/0
R3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.4.1 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#no shut
R3(config-if)#interface serial1/0
R3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#no shut
第一
.
使用静态路由
.
配置静态路由
,
使各个网段能
ping
通
.
静态路由的配置
.
分别配置各个路由
.
把目标地址转发给下一跳的路由来处理
..
R1
R1(config)#ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.2
R1(config)#ip route 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.2
R1(config)#exit
R1#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF , IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
S 192.168.4.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.2.2
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0
S 192.168.3.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.2.2
R1#ping 192.168.3.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.3.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 40/202/644 ms
R1#ping 192.168.4.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.4.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
U.U.U
Success rate is 0 percent (0/5)
R1#ping 192.168.3.2
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.3.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
.....
Success rate is 0 percent (0/5)
在还没有配置
R2 R3
的静态路由时
,
能
ping
通
192.168.3.1
不能
ping
通
192.168.3.2
也不能
ping
通
192.168.4.1
说明静态路由只能到达下一跳路由的地址
.
R2
R2(config)#ip route 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.1
%Inconsistent address and mask
R2(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.1
R2(config)#ip route 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.2
R2#ping 192.168.1.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 72/128/208 ms
R2#ping 192.168.4.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.4.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 48/66/116 ms
这里提示的错误就是把前面的
192.168.1.0
的网段写成了
IP
地址
,
我经常打错
.
要记得是到达的网络而不是到达的某个主机
.
测试可以
ping
通
192.168.1.1
和
192.168.4.1
R3
R3(config)#IP route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.1
R3(config)#ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.1
R3(config)#exit
R3#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF , IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
S 192.168.1.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.3.1
S 192.168.2.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.3.1
C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0
用
ping
命令测试成功
.
在
192.168.1.0 ping 192.168.4.0
可以通
.
反过来也是可以通的
.
这时候三台路由的静态路由都已经配置好
.
用
show ip route
查看各个路由的路由表
.
观察每一项内容
.
第二
.
使用默认路由
.
配置默认路由
.
使路由到达每个目标地址都转发到下一跳的地址来处理
.
R1
R1(config)#ip route 0.0.0 .0 0.0.0.0 192.168.2.2
R1(config)#exit
R1#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF , IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is 192.168.2.2 to network 0.0.0 .0
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0
S* 0.0.0 .0/0 [1/0] via 192.168.2.2
R2
R2(config)#ip route 0.0.0 .0 0.0.0.0 192.168.2.1
R2(config)#ip route 0.0.0 .0 0.0.0.0 192.168.3.2
R2(config)#exit
R2#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF , IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is 192.168.2.1 to network 0.0.0 .0
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0
C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/1
S* 0.0.0 .0/0 [1/0] via 192.168.2.1
[1/0] via 192.168.3.2
R3
R3(config)#ip route 0.0.0 .0 0.0.0.0 192.168.3.1
R3(config)#exit
R3#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF , IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is 192.168.3.1 to network 0.0.0 .0
C 192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0
S* 0.0.0 .0/0 [1/0] via 192.168.3.1
经过测试
.
各个网段都是可以互相
ping
通的
.
这里要记住默认路由的意义和写法
.
上面默认路由的源地址也可以用接口来表示
(
例如:
ip route 0.0.0 .0 0.0.0.0 s1/0)
还是规范表示的好
.
平时我们家庭用的
adsl
路由就只有一条默认路由命令
.有路由命令也叫路由器,哈....
把通向所有的目标地址都交给下一跳地址
(
这里指的是
ISP
动态分配给我们的
IP,
路由器会自动调节
.).
实验总结:三台路由器的静态路由比二台路由器的复杂一些
.
但是只要熟悉配置静态路由的命令和理解原理也就不难
.
关键是要理清思路
,
理解原理
.
掌握默认路由的意义
.
路由配置回路
.
掌握扩展
ping
的用法
.
会用
show ip route
查看并理解路由表的内容
.