ActiveMQ的消息重发策略和DLQ处理

在以下三种情况中，ActiveMQ消息会被重发给客户端/消费者： 
1.使用一个事务session，并且调用了rollback()方法； 
2.一个事务session，关闭之前调用了commit； 
3.在session中使用CLIENT_ACKNOWLEDGE签收模式，并且调用了Session.recover()方法。 

Broker根据自己的规则，通过BrokerInfo命令包和客户端建立连接，向客户端传送缺省发送策略。但是客户端可以使用ActiveMQConnection.getRedeliveryPolicy()方法覆盖override这个策略设置。 

RedeliveryPolicy policy = connection.getRedeliveryPolicy();
policy.setInitialRedeliveryDelay(500);
policy.setBackOffMultiplier(2);
policy.setUseExponentialBackOff(true);
policy.setMaximumRedeliveries(2);

一旦消息重发尝试超过重发策略中配置的maximumRedeliveries(缺省为6次)时，会给broker发送一个"Poison ack"，通知它，这个消息被认为是一个毒丸(a poison pill)，接着broker会将这个消息发送到DLQ(Dead Letter Queue)，以便后续分析处理。 

缺省死信队列(Dead Letter Queue)叫做ActiveMQ.DLQ;所有的未送达消息都会被发送到这个队列，以致会非常难于管理。你可以设置activemq.xml文件中的destination policy map的"individualDeadLetterStrategy"属性来修改. 

<broker...>
  <destinationPolicy>
    <policyMap>
      <policyEntries>
        <!-- Set the following policy on all queues using the '>' wildcard -->
        <policyEntry queue=">">
          <deadLetterStrategy>
            <!--
              Use the prefix 'DLQ.' for the destination name, and make
              the DLQ a queue rather than a topic
            -->
            <individualDeadLetterStrategy
              queuePrefix="DLQ." useQueueForQueueMessages="true" />
          </deadLetterStrategy>
        </policyEntry>
      </policyEntries>
    </policyMap>
  </destinationPolicy>
  ...
</broker>

自动丢弃过期消息(Expired Messages) 
一些应用可能只是简单的丢弃过期消息，而不想将它们放到DLQ中，完全跳过了DLQ。在dead letter strategy死信策略上配置processExpired属性为false，可以实现这个功能。 

<broker...>
  <destinationPolicy>
   <policyMap>
     <policyEntries>
       <!-- Set the following policy on all queues using the '>' wildcard -->
       <policyEntry queue=">">
         <!--
           Tell the dead letter strategy not to process expired messages
           so that they will just be discarded instead of being sent to
           the DLQ
         -->
         <deadLetterStrategy>
           <sharedDeadLetterStrategy processExpired="false" />
         </deadLetterStrategy>
       </policyEntry>
     </policyEntries>
   </policyMap>
  </destinationPolicy>
...
</broker>

将非持久消息(non-persistent messages)放入死信队列 
ActiveMQ缺省不会将未发到的非持久消息放入死信队列。如果一个应用程序并不想将消息message设置为持久的，那么记录下来那些未发送到的消息对它来说往往也是没有价值的。不过如果想实现这个功能，可以在dead-letter strategy死信策略上设置processNonPersistent="true" 

<broker...>
  <destinationPolicy>
   <policyMap>
     <policyEntries>
       <!-- Set the following policy on all queues using the '>' wildcard -->
       <policyEntry queue=">">
         <!--
           Tell the dead letter strategy to also place non-persisted messages
           onto the dead-letter queue if they can't be delivered.
         -->
         <deadLetterStrategy>
           <sharedDeadLetterStrategy processNonPersistent="true" />
         </deadLetterStrategy>
       </policyEntry>
     </policyEntries>
   </policyMap>
  </destinationPolicy>
...
</broker>

http://sharong.iteye.com/blog/1987171