.NET鎵嬭锛岮utofac鍏ラ棬Getting Started

鍐呭涓昏缈昏瘧鑷畼鏂规枃妗ｏ紝鍘熸枃璇风湅锛�http://autofac.readthedocs.org/en/latest/getting-started/index.html#application-startup

灏咥utofac闆嗘垚杩涗綘鐨勫簲鐢ㄧ殑鍩烘湰妯″紡:

• 鍦ㄨ剳娴蜂腑鏋勯�犲熀浜庢帶鍒跺弽杞紙IoC锛夌殑搴旂敤绋嬪簭鏋舵瀯
• 娣诲姞Autofac寮曠敤.
• 鍦ㄥ簲鐢ㄥ惎鍔ㄩ厤缃祦绋�...
• 鍒涘缓涓�涓� ContainerBuilder.
• 娉ㄥ唽缁勪欢锛坈omponents锛�.
• build瀹氫箟鐨凜ontainerBuilder鐢熸垚Autofac瀹瑰櫒锛屽苟瀛樺偍瀹冧互渚涘悗缁娇鐢�.
• 鍦ㄧ▼搴忚繍琛屾椂...
• 浠嶢utofac瀹瑰櫒锛坈ontainer锛夊垱寤虹敓鍛藉懆鏈熷煙锛坙ifetime scope锛�.
• 浣跨敤鐢熷懡鍛ㄦ湡鍩熸潵瑙ｆ瀽鍑虹粍浠跺疄渚�.

杩欑瘒鎸囧灏嗕細浣跨敤涓�涓帶鍒跺彴绋嬪簭涓�姝ヤ竴姝ユ紨绀哄浣曚娇鐢ˋutofac. 涓�鏃︿綘鏈変簡鍩虹鐨勪簡瑙ｏ紝鍙互鍒颁互涓媤iki绔欑偣鏌ョ湅鏇撮珮绾х殑浣跨敤鏂规硶鍜屾妧宸э細 integration information for WCF, ASP.NET, and other application types.

 

鏋勫缓搴旂敤鏋舵瀯

 

鍩轰簬IoC鐨勬兂娉曞簲璇ユ槸瀵硅薄鍦ㄨ鍒涘缓鐨勬椂鍊欙紝鐢变竴涓皟鎺х郴缁熷唴鎵�鏈夊璞＄殑澶栫晫瀹炰綋灏嗗叾鎵�渚濊禆鐨勫璞＄殑寮曠敤浼犻�掔粰瀹冿紝鑰屼笉鏄妸鎵�鏈夌被缁戝湪涓�璧凤紝姣忔閮借閫氳繃渚濊禆new鏉ヤ紶閫掑疄渚�.濡傛灉浣犳兂浜嗚В鏇村璇风湅锛�Martin Fowler has an excellent article explaining dependency injection/inversion of control.

瀵逛簬鎴戜滑鐨勭ず渚嬪簲鐢ㄧ▼搴忥紝鎴戜滑灏嗗畾涔変竴涓緭鍑哄綋鍓嶆棩鏈熺殑绫汇�備絾鏄紝鎴戜滑涓嶅笇鏈涘畠鍜屾帶鍒跺彴缁戝湪涓�璧凤紝鍥犱负鎴戜滑甯屾湜浠ュ悗鑳藉娴嬭瘯瀹冩垨鐢ㄥ湪涓�涓病鏈夋帶鍒跺彴绋嬪簭鐨勫湴鏂广��
鎴戜滑杩樹細鍘诲敖閲忔娊璞¤緭鍑烘棩鏈熺殑鏈哄埗锛屼互渚夸簬鎴戜滑鍚庣画閲嶅浣跨敤銆�
鎴戜滑浼氬仛杩欐牱鐨勪簨鎯咃細

using System;

namespace DemoApp
{
  // This interface helps decouple the concept of
  // "writing output" from the Console class. We
  // don't really "care" how the Write operation
  // happens, just that we can write.
  public interface IOutput
  {
    void Write(string content);
  }

  // This implementation of the IOutput interface
  // is actually how we write to the Console. Technically
  // we could also implement IOutput to write to Debug
  // or Trace... or anywhere else.
  public class ConsoleOutput : IOutput
  {
    public void Write(string content)
    {
      Console.WriteLine(content);
    }
  }

  // This interface decouples the notion of writing
  // a date from the actual mechanism that performs
  // the writing. Like with IOutput, the process
  // is abstracted behind an interface.
  public interface IDateWriter
  {
    void WriteDate();
  }

  // This TodayWriter is where it all comes together.
  // Notice it takes a constructor parameter of type
  // IOutput - that lets the writer write to anywhere
  // based on the implementation. Further, it implements
  // WriteDate such that today's date is written out;
  // you could have one that writes in a different format
  // or a different date.
  public class TodayWriter : IDateWriter
  {
    private IOutput _output;
    public TodayWriter(IOutput output)
    {
      this._output = output;
    }

    public void WriteDate()
    {
      this._output.Write(DateTime.Today.ToShortDateString());
    }
  }
}

 

娣诲姞Autofac寮曠敤

 

棣栧厛娣诲姞Autofac寮曠敤鍒颁綘鐨勯」鐩紝杩欎釜渚嬪瓙涓垜浠粎娣诲姞Autofac Core寮曠敤锛屽叾浠栫被鍨嬪簲鐢ㄧ▼搴忓彲鑳戒細鐢ㄥ埌涓嶅悓鐨凙utofac.Integration绫诲簱銆�

閫氳繃NuGet鍙互寰堝鏄撲负椤圭洰寮曞叆寮曠敤锛屽鍥撅細

 

 

搴旂敤鍚姩锛圓pplication Startup锛�

 

鍦焾猴笍鍚姩鏃讹紝浣犻渶瑕佸垱寤轰竴涓狢ontainerBuilder骞朵娇鐢ㄥ畠娉ㄥ唽鍚勭缁勪欢. 缁勪欢鍙互鏄〃杈惧紡銆�.NET绫诲瀷鎴栬�呬竴浜涚敤浜庢毚闇插唴閮ㄦ湇鍔＄殑浠ｇ爜銆�

绠�鍗曠殑鏉ヨ锛屾湁涓疄鐜颁簡鎺ュ彛鐨勭被鍨嬶紝濡備笅锛�

 

public class SomeType : IService
{
}

 

浣犲彲浠ラ�氳繃涓ょ鏂瑰紡瀹氫綅鍒板畠锛氶�氳繃绫诲瀷SomeType锛屾垨鑰呴�氳繃鎺ュ彛IService.

鍦ㄨ繖涓緥瀛愪腑锛岀粍浠舵槸SomeType锛屽悓鏃舵毚闇茬殑鏈嶅姟鏄寚SomeType绫诲瀷鍜孖Service鎺ュ彛銆�

鍦ˋutofac涓紝浣犲簲璇ラ�氳繃ContainerBuilder鏉ユ敞鍐屽畠浠��

 

// Create your builder.
var builder = new ContainerBuilder();

// Usually you're only interested in exposing the type
// via its interface:
builder.RegisterType<SomeType>().As<IService>();

// However, if you want BOTH services (not as common)
// you can say so:
builder.RegisterType<SomeType>().AsSelf().As<IService>();

 

瀵逛簬鎴戜滑鐨勭ず渚嬪簲鐢ㄧ▼搴忥紝鎴戜滑闇�瑕佹敞鍐屾垜浠墍鏈夌殑缁勪欢锛堢被锛夛紝骞舵毚闇蹭粬浠殑鏈嶅姟锛堟帴鍙ｏ級銆�

鎴戜滑杩橀渶瑕佸瓨鍌ㄥ鍣紝杩欐牱瀹冧箣鍚庡彲鐢ㄤ簬瑙ｆ瀽鍑哄悇绉嶇被鍨嬪疄渚嬨��

 

using System;
using Autofac;

namespace DemoApp
{
  public class Program
  {
    private static IContainer Container { get; set; }

    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
      var builder = new ContainerBuilder();
      builder.RegisterType<ConsoleOutput>().As<IOutput>();
      builder.RegisterType<TodayWriter>().As<IDateWriter>();
      Container = builder.Build();

      // The WriteDate method is where we'll make use
      // of our dependency injection. We'll define that
      // in a bit.
      WriteDate();
    }
  }
}

 

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搴旂敤杩愯鏃�

 

鍦ㄥ簲鐢ㄨ繍琛屾湡闂达紝浣犻渶瑕佷粠瀹瑰櫒鐢熷懡鍛ㄦ湡鍩熶腑瑙ｆ瀽鍑虹粍浠跺疄渚嬫潵浣跨敤瀹冧滑銆傚鍣ㄨ嚜韬氨鏄竴涓敓鍛藉懆鏈熷煙锛坙ifetime scope锛夛紝鎶�鏈笂鏉ヨ锛屼綘鍙互鐩存帴浠庡鍣ㄤ腑瑙ｆ瀽鍑洪渶瑕佺殑缁勪欢銆�

浣嗘槸鎴戜滑涓嶆帹鑽愮洿鎺ユ搷浣滃鍣紝杩欎細瀵艰嚧鍐呭瓨娉勬紡銆�

褰撴垜浠В鏋愬嚭涓�涓粍浠舵椂锛屼緷璧栦簬鎴戜滑瀹氫箟鐨刲ifetime scope锛屼竴涓柊鐨勫璞″疄渚嬩細琚垱寤恒�傚叾涓竴浜涚粍浠跺彲鑳介渶瑕佽閲婃斁锛屼緥濡傚疄鐜癐Dispose鎺ュ彛鐨勫璞°�傚綋鐢熷懡鍛ㄦ湡鍩熻閲婃斁鏃讹紝Autofac鍙互鑷姩澶勭悊缁勪欢璧勬簮鐨勯噴鏀俱��

浣嗘槸瀹瑰櫒瀛樺湪浜庢暣涓簲鐢ㄧ▼搴忕敓鍛藉懆鏈熴�傚鏋滀綘鐩存帴浠庡鍣ㄤ腑瑙ｆ瀽鍑哄ぇ閲忕粍浠讹紝鍙兘浼氬鑷村緢澶氱粍浠朵竴鐩寸瓑寰呰閲婃斁銆傝繖鏍峰仛娉曞苟涓嶅ソ锛岄�氬父浼氬鑷村唴瀛樻硠闇层��

鏇夸唬鏂规鏄紝姣忔鎴戜滑浠庡鍣ㄦ潵鍒涘缓瀛愮敓鍛藉懆鏈熷煙锛屻�傚綋浣犱粠瀛愬煙瀹屾垚瑙ｆ瀽缁勪欢鍚庯紝瀛愬煙灏嗕細琚噴鏀撅紝鍚屾椂鎵�鏈夎祫婧愰兘浼氳娓呯悊鎺夈��

瀵逛簬鎴戜滑鐨勭ず渚嬬▼搴忔潵璇达紝鎴戜滑灏嗕細浠庡瓙鍩熶腑瑙ｆ瀽鍑篒DateWriter瀹炰緥锛屽苟杩愯WriterDate()鏂规硶銆傚悓鏃跺湪鎴戜滑瀹屾垚鍚庯紝瀛愬煙灏嗕細琚噴鏀俱��

 

namespace DemoApp
{
  public class Program
  {
    private static IContainer Container { get; set; }

    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
      // ...the stuff you saw earlier...
    }

    public static void WriteDate()
    {
      // Create the scope, resolve your IDateWriter,
      // use it, then dispose of the scope.
      using (var scope = Container.BeginLifetimeScope())
      {
        var writer = scope.Resolve<IDateWriter>();
        writer.WriteDate();
      }
    }
  }
}

 

鐜板湪褰撲綘杩愯浣犵殑绋嬪簭鏃�...

• WriteDate()鏂规硶浠嶢utofac涓姹侷DateWriter瀹炰緥.
• Autofac鍙戠幇IDateWriter鍙互鏄犲皠鍒癟odayWriter绫诲瀷锛屾墍浠ュ垱寤轰簡涓�涓猅odayWriter瀹炰緥.
• Autofac鍙戠幇TodayWriter鍦ㄥ畠鐨勬瀯閫犲嚱鏁颁腑闇�瑕佷竴涓�IOutput瀹炰緥.
• Autofac鍙戠幇IOutput 鍙互鏄犲皠鍒�ConsoleOutput锛屾墍浠ュ垱寤轰簡涓�涓�ConsoleOutput鏂板疄渚�.
• Autofac浣跨敤ConsoleOutput瀹炰緥瀹屾垚鏋勯�犱竴涓�TodayWriter瀹炰緥.
• Autofac杩斿洖浜嗕竴涓畬鍏ㄦ瀯閫犲ソ鐨�TodayWriter瀹炰緥鏉ョ敤浜�“WriteDate” 鏂规硶.

涔嬪悗锛屽鏋滀綘鐨勭▼搴忔兂瑕佸疄鐜拌緭鍑轰笉鍚屾棩鏈�, 浣犲彲浠ユ瀯閫犱笉鍚屽疄鐜�IDateWriter鎺ュ彛鐨勭被鍨�锛屽悓鏃跺湪搴旂敤鍚姩鏃舵敞鍐�. 浣犱笉蹇呮敼鍙樺叾浠栦换浣曠殑绫�. 杩欏氨鏄帶鍒跺弽杞�!

 

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