wxPython:文件对话框wx.FileDialog

本节看一下文件对话框的使用，先看实例，再介绍具体知识点。

代码：

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

'''
    Function:绘图
    Input：NONE
    Output: NONE
    author: socrates
    blog:http://www.cnblogs.com/dyx1024/
    date:2012-07-14
'''  

import wx
import cPickle
import os

class PaintWindow(wx.Window):
        def __init__(self, parent, id):
            wx.Window.__init__(self, parent, id)
            self.SetBackgroundColour("Red")
            self.color = "Green"
            self.thickness = 10
        
            #创建一个画笔
            self.pen = wx.Pen(self.color, self.thickness, wx.SOLID)
            self.lines = []
            self.curLine = []
            self.pos = (0, 0)
            self.InitBuffer()
        
            #连接事件
            self.Bind(wx.EVT_LEFT_DOWN, self.OnLeftDown)
            self.Bind(wx.EVT_LEFT_UP, self.OnLeftUp)
            self.Bind(wx.EVT_MOTION, self.OnMotion)
            self.Bind(wx.EVT_SIZE, self.OnSize)
            self.Bind(wx.EVT_IDLE, self.OnIdle)
            self.Bind(wx.EVT_PAINT, self.OnPaint)
        
        def InitBuffer(self):
            size = self.GetClientSize()
            
            #创建缓存的设备上下文
            self.buffer = wx.EmptyBitmap(size.width, size.height)
            dc = wx.BufferedDC(None, self.buffer)
            
            #使用设备上下文
            dc.SetBackground(wx.Brush(self.GetBackgroundColour()))
            dc.Clear()
            self.DrawLines(dc)
            self.reInitBuffer = False
            
        def GetLinesData(self):
            return self.lines[:]
        
        def SetLinesData(self, lines):
            self.lines = lines[:]
            self.InitBuffer()
            self.Refresh()
            
        def OnLeftDown(self, event):
            self.curLine = []
            
            #获取鼠标位置
            self.pos = event.GetPositionTuple()
            self.CaptureMouse()
            
        def OnLeftUp(self, event):
            if self.HasCapture():
                self.lines.append((self.color,
                                   self.thickness,
                                   self.curLine))
                self.curLine = []
                self.ReleaseMouse()
                
        def OnMotion(self, event):
            if event.Dragging() and event.LeftIsDown():
                dc = wx.BufferedDC(wx.ClientDC(self), self.buffer)
                self.drawMotion(dc, event)
            event.Skip()
        
        def drawMotion(self, dc, event):
            dc.SetPen(self.pen)
            newPos = event.GetPositionTuple()
            coords = self.pos + newPos
            self.curLine.append(coords)
            dc.DrawLine(*coords)
            self.pos = newPos
            
        def OnSize(self, event):
            self.reInitBuffer = True
        
        def OnIdle(self, event):
            if self.reInitBuffer:
                self.InitBuffer()
                self.Refresh(False)
        
        def OnPaint(self, event):
            dc = wx.BufferedPaintDC(self, self.buffer)
            
        def DrawLines(self, dc):
            for colour, thickness, line in self.lines:
                pen = wx.Pen(colour, thickness, wx.SOLID)
                dc.SetPen(pen)
                for coords in line:
                    dc.DrawLine(*coords)
        
        def SetColor(self, color):
            self.color = color
            self.pen = wx.Pen(self.color, self.thickness, wx.SOLID)
            
        def SetThickness(self, num):
            self.thickness = num
            self.pen = wx.Pen(self.color, self.thickness, wx.SOLID)
            
class PaintFrame(wx.Frame):
    
    def __init__(self, parent):
        self.title = "Paint Frame"
        wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent, -1, self.title, size = (800, 600))
        self.paint = PaintWindow(self, -1)
        
        #状态栏
        self.paint.Bind(wx.EVT_MOTION, self.OnPaintMotion)
        self.InitStatusBar()
        
        #创建菜单
        self.CreateMenuBar()
        
        self.filename = ""

        
    def InitStatusBar(self):
        self.statusbar = self.CreateStatusBar()
        #将状态栏分割为3个区域,比例为1:2:3
        self.statusbar.SetFieldsCount(3)
        self.statusbar.SetStatusWidths([-1, -2, -3])   
        
    def OnPaintMotion(self, event):
        
        #设置状态栏1内容
        self.statusbar.SetStatusText(u"鼠标位置：" + str(event.GetPositionTuple()), 0)
        
        #设置状态栏2内容
        self.statusbar.SetStatusText(u"当前线条长度：%s" % len(self.paint.curLine), 1)
        
        #设置状态栏3内容
        self.statusbar.SetStatusText(u"线条数目：%s" % len(self.paint.lines), 2)   
             
        event.Skip()
        
    def MenuData(self):
        '''
                   菜单数据
        '''
        #格式：菜单数据的格式现在是(标签, (项目))，其中：项目组成为：标签, 描术文字, 处理器, 可选的kind
        #标签长度为2，项目的长度是3或4
        return [("&File", (             #一级菜单项
                           ("&New", "New paint file", self.OnNew),             #二级菜单项
                           ("&Open", "Open paint file", self.OnOpen),
                           ("&Save", "Save paint file", self.OnSave),
                           ("", "", ""),                                       #分隔线
                           ("&Color", (
                                       ("&Black", "", self.OnColor, wx.ITEM_RADIO),  #三级菜单项，单选
                                       ("&Red", "", self.OnColor, wx.ITEM_RADIO),
                                       ("&Green", "", self.OnColor, wx.ITEM_RADIO), 
                                       ("&Blue", "", self.OnColor, wx.ITEM_RADIO))),
                           ("", "", ""),
                           ("&Quit", "Quit", self.OnCloseWindow)))
               ]  
    def CreateMenuBar(self):
        '''
        创建菜单
        '''
        menuBar = wx.MenuBar()
        for eachMenuData in self.MenuData():
            menuLabel = eachMenuData[0]
            menuItems = eachMenuData[1]
            menuBar.Append(self.CreateMenu(menuItems), menuLabel) 
        self.SetMenuBar(menuBar)
        
    def CreateMenu(self, menuData):
        '''
        创建一级菜单
        '''
        menu = wx.Menu()
        for eachItem in menuData:
            if len(eachItem) == 2:
                label = eachItem[0]
                subMenu = self.CreateMenu(eachItem[1])
                menu.AppendMenu(wx.NewId(), label, subMenu) #递归创建菜单项
            else:
                self.CreateMenuItem(menu, *eachItem)
        return menu
    
    def CreateMenuItem(self, menu, label, status, handler, kind = wx.ITEM_NORMAL):
        '''
        创建菜单项内容
        '''
        if not label:
            menu.AppendSeparator()
            return
        menuItem = menu.Append(-1, label, status, kind)
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, handler,menuItem)
    
    def OnNew(self, event):
        pass
    
    def OnOpen(self, event):
        '''
        打开开文件对话框
        '''
        file_wildcard = "Paint files(*.paint)|*.paint|All files(*.*)|*.*" 
        dlg = wx.FileDialog(self, "Open paint file...",
                            os.getcwd(), 
                            style = wx.OPEN,
                            wildcard = file_wildcard)
        if dlg.ShowModal() == wx.ID_OK:
            self.filename = dlg.GetPath()
            self.ReadFile()
            self.SetTitle(self.title + '--' + self.filename)
        dlg.Destroy()
        
        
    
    def OnSave(self, event): 
        '''
        保存文件
        '''
        if not self.filename:
            self.OnSaveAs(event)
        else:
            self.SaveFile()
            
    def OnSaveAs(self, event):
        '''
        弹出文件保存对话框
        '''
        file_wildcard = "Paint files(*.paint)|*.paint|All files(*.*)|*.*" 
        dlg = wx.FileDialog(self, 
                            "Save paint as ...",
                            os.getcwd(),
                            style = wx.SAVE | wx.OVERWRITE_PROMPT,
                            wildcard = file_wildcard)
        if dlg.ShowModal() == wx.ID_OK:
            filename = dlg.GetPath()
            if not os.path.splitext(filename)[1]: #如果没有文件名后缀
                filename = filename + '.paint'
            self.filename = filename
            self.SaveFile()
            self.SetTitle(self.title + '--' + self.filename)
        dlg.Destroy()    
                   
    
    def OnColor(self, event):
        '''
        更改画笔内容
        '''
        menubar = self.GetMenuBar()
        itemid = event.GetId()
        item = menubar.FindItemById(itemid)
        color = item.GetLabel() #获取菜单项内容
        self.paint.SetColor(color)
        
    def OnCloseWindow(self, event):
        self.Destroy()
        
    def SaveFile(self):
        '''
        保存文件
        '''
        if self.filename:
            data = self.paint.GetLinesData()
            f = open(self.filename, 'w')
            cPickle.dump(data, f)
            f.close()
                     
    def ReadFile(self):
        if self.filename:
            try:
                f = open(self.filename, 'r')
                data = cPickle.load(f)
                f.close()
                self.paint.SetLinesData(data)
            except cPickle.UnpicklingError:
                wx.MessageBox("%s is not a paint file."
                              % self.filename, "error tip",
                              style = wx.OK | wx.ICON_EXCLAMATION)
     

            
if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = wx.PySimpleApp()
    frame = PaintFrame(None)
    frame.Show(True)
    app.MainLoop()            
            
        
        
        

测试：

1、保存对话框：

2、打开对话框：

知识点介绍：

wx.FileDialog原型：

wxFileDialog(wxWindow* parent, const wxString& message = "Choose a file", const wxString& defaultDir = "", const wxString& defaultFile = "", const wxString& wildcard = "*.*", long style = wxFD_DEFAULT_STYLE, const wxPoint& pos = wxDefaultPosition, const wxSize& sz = wxDefaultSize, const wxString& name = "filedlg")

方法：

• wxFileDialog::wxFileDialog
• wxFileDialog::~wxFileDialog
• wxFileDialog::GetDirectory
• wxFileDialog::GetFilename
• wxFileDialog::GetFilenames
• wxFileDialog::GetFilterIndex
• wxFileDialog::GetMessage
• wxFileDialog::GetPath
• wxFileDialog::GetPaths
• wxFileDialog::GetWildcard
• wxFileDialog::SetDirectory
• wxFileDialog::SetFilename
• wxFileDialog::SetFilterIndex
• wxFileDialog::SetMessage
• wxFileDialog::SetPath
• wxFileDialog::SetWildcard
• wxFileDialog::ShowModal

参数：

• parent
Parent window.
• message
Message to show on the dialog.
• defaultDir
The default directory, or the empty string.
• defaultFile
The default filename, or the empty string.
• wildcard
  A wildcard, such as "*.*" or "BMP files (*.bmp)|*.bmp|GIF files (*.gif)|*.gif".

                Note that the native Motif dialog has some limitations with respect to wildcards; see the Remarks section above.

• style
A dialog style. See wxFD_* styles for more info.
• pos
Dialog position. Not implemented.
• size
Dialog size. Not implemented.
• name
  Dialog name. Not implemented.

                                    附:Style取值

wxFD_DEFAULT_STYLE	Equivalent to wxFD_OPEN.
wxFD_OPEN	This is an open dialog; usually this means that the default button's label of the dialog is "Open". Cannot be combined with wxFD_SAVE.
wxFD_SAVE	This is a save dialog; usually this means that the default button's label of the dialog is "Save". Cannot be combined with wxFD_OPEN.
wxFD_OVERWRITE_PROMPT	For save dialog only: prompt for a confirmation if a file will be overwritten.
wxFD_FILE_MUST_EXIST	For open dialog only: the user may only select files that actually exist.
wxFD_MULTIPLE	For open dialog only: allows selecting multiple files.
wxFD_CHANGE_DIR	Change the current working directory to the directory where the file(s) chosen by the user are.
wxFD_PREVIEW	Show the preview of the selected files (currently only supported by wxGTK using GTK+ 2.4 or later).