这是在《通过游戏编程实战——教新手学C++编程》上看到的一个小游戏,感觉不错,适合新手学习C++,所以贴出来一起和大家分享!
完整代码见链接:http://download.csdn.net/detail/rehongchen/4586263 (可在VC、CFree下成功运行)
游戏规则:
双方轮流在一个九个方格的棋盘上画十字(X)或圆圈(O),以所画的三个记号成直、横、斜线相连者为胜。
在计算机上实现,在屏幕上会显示如下窗格:
0 | 1 | 2
---------
3 | 4 | 5
---------
6 | 7 | 8
玩家通过选择上面的数字确定选择的位置,用X表示,计算机用O表示。
创建函数列表:
函数 | 描述 |
void instructions(); | 显示游戏操作指南 |
char askYesNo(string question); |
接受一个问题,返回“y”或“n” |
int askNumber(string question, int high, int low = 0); | 询问一定范围内的数字。接受一个问题、一个范围上限和一个范围下限。返回low到high之间的数字 |
char humanPiece(); | 确定玩家的棋子。返回X或O |
char opponent(char piece); | 返回给定棋子的对应棋子。 |
void displayBoard(const vector<char>& board); | 在屏幕上显示当前棋盘。 |
char winner(const vector<char>& board); | 确定游戏的胜者。返回X、O、或T(和棋)或N(还没有哪一方胜出) |
bool isLegal(const vector<char>& board, int move); | 判断输入的数字是否合法 |
int humanMove(const vector<char>& board, char human); | 获取人类玩家的下棋。接受一个棋盘与人类玩家的棋子作为参数,返回玩家下棋的数字位置。 |
int computerMove(vector<char> board, char computer); | 获取计算机玩家的下棋。接受一个棋盘与人类玩家的棋子作为参数,返回玩家下棋的数字位置。 |
void announceWinner(char winner, char computer, char human); | 宣布最后结果。 |
// Tic-Tac-Toe // Plays the game of tic-tac-toe against a human opponent #include <iostream> #include <string> #include <vector> #include <algorithm> using namespace std; // global constants const char X = 'X'; const char O = 'O'; const char EMPTY = ' '; const char TIE = 'T'; const char NO_ONE = 'N'; // function prototypes void instructions(); char askYesNo(string question); int askNumber(string question, int high, int low = 0); //注:low默认为0 char humanPiece(); char opponent(char piece); void displayBoard(const vector<char>& board); char winner(const vector<char>& board); bool isLegal(const vector<char>& board, int move); int humanMove(const vector<char>& board, char human); int computerMove(vector<char> board, char computer); void announceWinner(char winner, char computer, char human); // main function int main() { int move; const int NUM_SQUARES = 9; vector<char> board(NUM_SQUARES, EMPTY); instructions(); const char human = humanPiece(); //确定人类是否第一步走棋,返回y或n const char computer = opponent(human); char turn = X; //与X相同的先走棋 displayBoard(board); while (winner(board) == NO_ONE) //验证是有胜出者 { if (turn == human) { move = humanMove(board, human); //因为用户走棋时可能不合法,所以需要在humanMove进行验证, board[move] = human; } else { move = computerMove(board, computer); //计算机走棋时不需验证合法性,但需完成智能走棋 board[move] = computer; } displayBoard(board); turn = opponent(turn); //用以交换出棋顺序 } announceWinner(winner(board), computer, human); //宣布结果:获胜者或平手 return 0; } // functions void instructions() { cout << "欢迎来到人机终极大战: Tic-Tac-Toe.\n"; cout << "--where human brain is pit against silicon processor\n\n"; cout << "键入数字 0 - 8来选择你选棋的位置. \n"; cout << "它会被如实的反映在下面的棋盘上:\n\n"; cout << " 0 | 1 | 2\n"; cout << " ---------\n"; cout << " 3 | 4 | 5\n"; cout << " ---------\n"; cout << " 6 | 7 | 8\n\n"; cout << "准备好了吗?人类, 这场大战马上开始!\n\n"; } char askYesNo(string question) { char response; do { cout << question << " (y/n): "; cin >> response; } while (response != 'y' && response != 'n'); return response; } int askNumber(string question, int high, int low) { int number; do { cout << question << " (" << low << " - " << high << "): "; cin >> number; } while (number > high || number < low); //直到获得合法结果(0-8)才能退出循环 return number; } char humanPiece() //确定人类第一步走棋 { char go_first = askYesNo("你确定你第一步走棋?"); if (go_first == 'y') { cout << "\n好吧,让你先来,你走棋.\n"; return X; } else { cout << "\n你的勇气欠佳... 我先走棋.\n"; return O; } } char opponent(char piece) //返回对手走棋标志 { if (piece == X) { return O; } else { return X; } } void displayBoard(const vector<char>& board) //注意:这里接收棋盘的引用,展示当前棋盘布局 { cout << "\n\t" << board[0] << " | " << board[1] << " | " << board[2]; cout << "\n\t" << "---------"; cout << "\n\t" << board[3] << " | " << board[4] << " | " << board[5]; cout << "\n\t" << "---------"; cout << "\n\t" << board[6] << " | " << board[7] << " | " << board[8]; cout << "\n\n"; } char winner(const vector<char>& board) //表示棋盘的向量是通过常量引用传递(const vector<char>&)的, { //传递引用非常高效,且向量被保护起来,防止任何修改 //列出所有可能胜出的情况 const int WINNING_ROWS[8][3] = { {0, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 5}, {6, 7, 8}, {0, 3, 6}, {1, 4, 7}, {2, 5, 8}, {0, 4, 8}, {2, 4, 6} }; const int TOTAL_ROWS = 8; // if any winning row has three values that are the same (and not EMPTY), // then we have a winner //如果有任意一行上的三个内容均相同(但不为EMPTY) //那么就有一方胜出 for(int row = 0; row < TOTAL_ROWS; ++row) { if ( (board[WINNING_ROWS[row][0]] != EMPTY) && (board[WINNING_ROWS[row][0]] == board[WINNING_ROWS[row][1]]) && (board[WINNING_ROWS[row][1]] == board[WINNING_ROWS[row][2]]) ) { return board[WINNING_ROWS[row][0]]; //返回第一个棋子的位置,也就是返回“X”或“O” } } // since nobody has won, check for a tie (no empty squares left) //如果没有一方胜出,看是否是平手 if (count(board.begin(), board.end(), EMPTY) == 0) return TIE; // since nobody has won and it isn't a tie, the game ain't over //未见分晓 return NO_ONE; } inline bool isLegal(int move, const vector<char>& board) { return (board[move] == EMPTY); } int humanMove(const vector<char>& board, char human) { int move = askNumber("你打算选哪个位置?", (board.size() - 1)); while (!isLegal(move, board)) { cout << "\n这个位置已经有棋子占据了, 愚蠢的人类.\n"; move = askNumber("你打算选哪个位置?", (board.size() - 1)); } cout << "好吧...\n"; return move; } int computerMove(vector<char> board, char computer) { unsigned int move = 0; bool found = false; //if computer can win on next move, that抯 the move to make while (!found && move < board.size()) { if (isLegal(move, board)) { //try move board[move] = computer; //test for winner found = winner(board) == computer; //undo move board[move] = EMPTY; } if (!found) { ++move; } } //otherwise, if opponent can win on next move, that's the move to make if (!found) { move = 0; char human = opponent(computer); while (!found && move < board.size()) { if (isLegal(move, board)) { //try move board[move] = human; //test for winner found = winner(board) == human; //undo move board[move] = EMPTY; } if (!found) { ++move; } } } //otherwise, moving to the best open square is the move to make if (!found) { move = 0; unsigned int i = 0; const int BEST_MOVES[] = {4, 0, 2, 6, 8, 1, 3, 5, 7}; //pick best open square while (!found && i < board.size()) { move = BEST_MOVES[i]; if (isLegal(move, board)) { found = true; } ++i; } } cout << "我选择的位置是: " << move << endl; return move; } void announceWinner(char winner, char computer, char human) { if (winner == computer) { cout << winner << " 胜出!\n"; cout << "我早就预料到了, 人类, 事实证明,我才是最优秀的。\n"; cout << "计算机要比人类聪明!\n"; } else if (winner == human) { cout << winner << "'s won!\n"; cout << "不不! 这不是真的! 你肯定耍花招了, 人类.\n"; cout << "但是不会又下一次了! 我,计算机,我发誓!\n"; } else { cout << "平手了.\n"; cout << "这次是你幸运, 人类, 肯定是什么操纵了这场比赛.\n"; cout << "同样祝贺你... 因为这是你从没有过的殊荣.\n"; } }如需转载,请注明出处:http://blog.csdn.net/rehongchen/article/details/8005753