基于按annotation的hibernate主键生成策略

自定义主键生成策略,由@GenericGenerator实现。  
hibernate在JPA的基础上进行了扩展,可以用一下方式引入hibernate独有的主键生成策略,就是通过@GenericGenerator加入的。  
 
比如说,JPA标准用法  
Java代码  
@Id    
@GeneratedValue(GenerationType.AUTO)    
 
就可以用hibernate特有以下用法来实现  
Java代码  
@GeneratedValue(generator = "paymentableGenerator")       
@GenericGenerator(name = "paymentableGenerator", strategy = "assigned")    
 
 
@GenericGenerator的定义:  
Java代码  
@Target({PACKAGE, TYPE, METHOD, FIELD})     
@Retention(RUNTIME)     
public @interface GenericGenerator {     
    
String name();     
    
String strategy();     
    
Parameter[] parameters() default {};     
}    
 
 
name属性指定生成器名称。  
strategy属性指定具体生成器的类名。  
parameters得到strategy指定的具体生成器所用到的参数。  
 
对于这些hibernate主键生成策略和各自的具体生成器之间的关系,在org.hibernate.id.IdentifierGeneratorFactory中指定了,  
Java代码  
static {     
   GENERATORS.put("uuid", UUIDHexGenerator.class);     
   GENERATORS.put("hilo", TableHiLoGenerator.class);     
   GENERATORS.put("assigned", Assigned.class);     
   GENERATORS.put("identity", IdentityGenerator.class);     
   GENERATORS.put("select", SelectGenerator.class);     
   GENERATORS.put("sequence", SequenceGenerator.class);     
   GENERATORS.put("seqhilo", SequenceHiLoGenerator.class);     
   GENERATORS.put("increment", IncrementGenerator.class);     
   GENERATORS.put("foreign", ForeignGenerator.class);     
   GENERATORS.put("guid", GUIDGenerator.class);     
   GENERATORS.put("uuid.hex", UUIDHexGenerator.class); //uuid.hex is deprecated     
   GENERATORS.put("sequence-identity", SequenceIdentityGenerator.class);     
}    
 
上面十二种策略,加上native,hibernate一共默认支持十三种生成策略。  
 
1、native 对于orcale采用Sequence方式,对于MySQL和SQL Server采用identity(处境主键生成机制),native就是将主键的生成工作交给数据库本身,hibernate不管。(很常用)  
Java代码  
@GeneratedValue(generator = "paymentableGenerator")       
@GenericGenerator(name = "paymentableGenerator", strategy = "native")     
 
2、uuid  采用128位的uuid算法生成主键,uuid被编码为一个32位16进制数字的字符串。占用空间大(字符串类型)。  
Java代码  
@GeneratedValue(generator = "paymentableGenerator")       
@GenericGenerator(name = "paymentableGenerator", strategy = "uuid")     
 
3、hilo 要在数据库中建立一张额外的表,默认表名为hibernate_unque_key,默认字段为integer类型,名称是next_hi(比较少用)  
Java代码  
@GeneratedValue(generator = "paymentableGenerator")       
@GenericGenerator(name = "paymentableGenerator", strategy = "hilo")     
 
4、assigned 在插入数据的时候主键由程序处理(很常用),这是<generator>元素没有指定时的默认生成策略。等同于JPA中的AUTO。  
Java代码  
@GeneratedValue(generator = "paymentableGenerator")       
@GenericGenerator(name = "paymentableGenerator", strategy = "assigned")     
 
5、identity 使用SQL Server和MySQL的自增字段,这个方法不能放到Oracle中,Oracle不支持自增字段,要设定sequence(MySQL和SQL Server中很常用)。等同于JPA中的IDENTITY  
Java代码  
@GeneratedValue(generator = "paymentableGenerator")       
@GenericGenerator(name = "paymentableGenerator", strategy = "identity")     
 
6、select 使用触发器生成主键(主要用于早期的数据库主键生成机制,少用)  
Java代码  
@GeneratedValue(generator = "paymentableGenerator")     
@GenericGenerator(name="select", strategy="select",     
      parameters = { @Parameter(name = "key", value = "idstoerung") })    
 
7、sequence 调用谨慎数据库的序列来生成主键,要设定序列名,不然hibernate无法找到。  
Java代码  
@GeneratedValue(generator = "paymentableGenerator")     
@GenericGenerator(name = "paymentableGenerator", strategy = "sequence",     
          parameters = { @Parameter(name = "sequence", value = "seq_payablemoney") })    
 
8、seqhilo 通过hilo算法实现,但是主键历史保存在Sequence中,适用于支持Sequence的数据库,如Orcale(比较少用)  
Java代码  
@GeneratedValue(generator = "paymentableGenerator")     
@GenericGenerator(name = "paymentableGenerator", strategy = "seqhilo",     
          parameters = { @Parameter(name = "max_lo", value = "5") })    
 
9、increment 插入数据的时候hibernate会给主键添加一个自增的主键,但是一个hibernate实例就维护一个计数器,所以在多个实例运行的时候不能使用这个方法。  
Java代码  
@GeneratedValue(generator = "paymentableGenerator")       
@GenericGenerator(name = "paymentableGenerator", strategy = "increment")     
 
10、foreign  
Java代码  
@GeneratedValue(generator = "idGenerator")     
@GenericGenerator(name = "idGenerator", strategy = "foreign",     
          parameters = { @Parameter(name = "property", value = "employee") })    
 
 
注意:直接使用@PrimaryKeyJoinColumn 报错(?)  
Java代码  
@OneToOne(cascade = CascadeType.ALL)     
@PrimaryKeyJoinColumn     
例如  
Java代码  
@Entity    
public class Employee {     
  @Id Integer id;     
         
  @OneToOne @PrimaryKeyJoinColumn    
   EmployeeInfo info;     
        
}    
应该为  
Java代码  
@Entity    
public class Employee {     
  @Id     
  @GeneratedValue(generator = "idGenerator")     
  @GenericGenerator(name = "idGenerator", strategy = "foreign",     
          parameters = { @Parameter(name = "property", value = "info") })     
   Integer id;     
         
  @OneToOne    
   EmployeeInfo info;     
        
}    
11、guid 采用数据库底层的guid算法机制,对应MySQL的uuid()函数,SQL Server的newid()函数,ORCALE的rawtohex(sys_guid())函数等  
Java代码  
@GeneratedValue(generator = "paymentableGenerator")       
@GenericGenerator(name = "paymentableGenerator", strategy = "guid")     
 
12、uuid.hex 看uudi,建议用uuid替换  
Java代码  
@GeneratedValue(generator = "paymentableGenerator")       
@GenericGenerator(name = "paymentableGenerator", strategy = "uuid.hex")     
 
13、sequence-identity  
Java代码  
@GeneratedValue(generator = "paymentableGenerator")     
@GenericGenerator(name = "paymentableGenerator", strategy = "sequence-identity",     
          parameters = { @Parameter(name = "sequence", value = "seq_payablemoney") })    
 
四、通过@GenericGenerator自定义主键生成策略  
如果实际应用中,主键策略为程序指定了就用程序指定的主键(assigned),没有指定就从sequence中取。  
明显上面所讨论的策略都不满足,只好自己扩展了,集成assigned和sequence两种策略。  
 
Java代码  
public class AssignedSequenceGenerator extends SequenceGenerator implements     
PersistentIdentifierGenerator, Configurable {     
private String entityName;     
       
public void configure(Type type, Properties params, Dialect dialect) throws MappingException {     
   entityName = params.getProperty(ENTITY_NAME);     
  if (entityName==null) {     
   throw new MappingException("no entity name");     
   }     
       
  super.configure(type, params, dialect);       
}     
    
public Serializable generate(SessionImplementor session, Object obj)     
  throws HibernateException {     
       
   Serializable id = session.getEntityPersister( entityName, obj )     
     .getIdentifier( obj, session.getEntityMode() );     
       
  if (id==null) {     
    id = super.generate(session, obj);     
   }     
       
  return id;     
}     
}    
 
实际应用中,定义同sequence。  
Java代码  
@GeneratedValue(generator = "paymentableGenerator")     
@GenericGenerator(name = "paymentableGenerator", strategy = "AssignedSequenceGenerator",     
      parameters = { @Parameter(name = "sequence", value = "seq_payablemoney") })    
 
 
值得注意的是,定义的这种策略,就像打开了潘多拉魔盒,非常不可控。正常情况下,不建议这么做。  (??????有待试验)

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