org.hibernate.LazyInitializationException could not initialize proxy-no Session的解决

方法一：在web.xml配置延迟关闭session的过滤器

  <!-- 延迟关闭session OpenSessionInViewFilter 的顺序位于struts2过滤之上 否则延迟关闭session不起作用 -->
 <filter>  
         <filter-name>opensession</filter-name>  
          <filter-class>  
            org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.support.OpenSessionInViewFilter  
          </filter-class>  
           <init-param>    
               <param-name>flushMode</param-name>    
              <param-value>AUTO</param-value>    
         </init-param>  
          <init-param>    
               <param-name>singleSession</param-name>    
              <param-value>true</param-value>    
          </init-param>    
      </filter>  
      <filter-mapping>  
         <filter-name>opensession</filter-name>  
         <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>  
     </filter-mapping>  


 <!-- 启动struts的配置 -->
 <filter>
  <filter-name>struts</filter-name>
  <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
 </filter>

 <filter-mapping>
  <filter-name>struts</filter-name>
  <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
 </filter-mapping>

方法二：<many-to-one> 的<set> 中设置 lazy=”false”

设置lazy=”false”解决了大部分的延时加载问题，但是同时也降低了系统的性能，应避免使用此方法。