iOS学习笔记（七）——UI基础UIButton

       前面写了UIWindow、UIViewController，那些都是一些框架，框架需要填充上具体的view才能组成我们的应用，移动应用开发中UI占了很大一部分，最基础的UI实现是使用系统提供的各种控件，其他的就是自定义实现了，作者目前是入门状态，只能写写基础控件了。

      iOS中提供了UIButton、UILable、UITextField、UIImageView等基础UI控件，继承于UIView。这里先拿UIButton练练手，为什么拿UIButton呢，因为UIbutton继承自UIControl，UIControl派生自UIView类，每个控件都有很多视图的特性，包括附着于其他视图的能力，所有控件都拥有一套共同的属性和方法，包含显示内容，点击事件等等，UIControl的子类都有事件处理能力。

图、UIControl

UIButton的定义：

     UIButton可使用 initWithFrame、buttonWithType两种方式创建：

1）initWithFrame

  UIButton *btn=[[UIButton alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(60, 60, 200, 60)];
    btn.backgroundColor=[UIColor greenColor];
    [btn setTitle:@"btn1" forState:UIControlStateNormal];
    [self.view addSubview:btn];

2）buttonWithType

UIButton *btn2=[UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeRoundedRect];
    CGRect rect=CGRectMake(60, 160, 200, 60);
    btn2.frame=rect;
    btn2.tag=1001;
    btn2.backgroundColor=[UIColor colorWithRed:30/255.0 green:200/255.0 blue:125/255.0 alpha:1.0];
    [btn2 setTitle:@"btn2" forState:UIControlStateNormal];

    [btn2 addTarget:self action:@selector(btn2Pressed) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchDown];
    [self.view addSubview:btn2];

btn2Pressed方法：

-(void)btn2Pressed{

    NSLog(@"button pressed");
}

UIButtonType:

typedef enum {
    UIButtonTypeCustom = 0,           // no button type   自定义，无风格
    UIButtonTypeRoundedRect,          // rounded rect, flat white button, like in address card 白色圆角矩形，类似偏好设置表格单元或者地址簿卡片
    UIButtonTypeDetailDisclosure,//蓝色的披露按钮，可放在任何文字旁
    UIButtonTypeInfoLight,//微件(widget)使用的小圆圈信息按钮，可以放在任何文字旁
    UIButtonTypeInfoDark,//白色背景下使用的深色圆圈信息按钮
    UIButtonTypeContactAdd,//蓝色加号(+)按钮，可以放在任何文字旁
} UIButtonType;

UIButton常用属性：

//设置对应状态的标题内容default is nil. title is assumed to be single line

- (void)setTitle:(NSString *)title forState:(UIControlState)state;  

//设置对应状态的标题颜色           

- (void)setTitleColor:(UIColor *)color forState:(UIControlState)state;   

//设置对应状态的标题阴影颜色            

- (void)setTitleShadowColor:(UIColor *)color forState:(UIControlState)state;          

//设置对应状态的按钮的图片

- (void)setImage:(UIImage *)image forState:(UIControlState)state;        

//设置对应状态的按钮背景图片

- (void)setBackgroundImage:(UIImage *)image forState:(UIControlState)state;    

UIButton的UIControlState   ：     

typedef NS_OPTIONS(NSUInteger, UIControlState) {
    UIControlStateNormal       = 0,
    UIControlStateHighlighted  = 1 << 0,                  // used when UIControl isHighlighted is set
    UIControlStateDisabled     = 1 << 1,
    UIControlStateSelected     = 1 << 2,                  // flag usable by app (see below)
    UIControlStateApplication  = 0x00FF0000,              // additional flags available for application use
    UIControlStateReserved     = 0xFF000000               // flags reserved for internal framework use
};

更多属性可参考官方文档。

UIButton添加事件：

UIButton使用如下方法添加事件。

[btn addTarget:<#(id)#> action:<#(SEL)#> forControlEvents:<#(UIControlEvents)#>]

这些事件都是基于触摸、基于值、基于编辑。可相应如下事件。

typedef NS_OPTIONS(NSUInteger, UIControlEvents) {
    UIControlEventTouchDown           = 1 <<  0,      // on all touch downs
    UIControlEventTouchDownRepeat     = 1 <<  1,      // on multiple touchdowns (tap count > 1)
    UIControlEventTouchDragInside     = 1 <<  2,
    UIControlEventTouchDragOutside    = 1 <<  3,
    UIControlEventTouchDragEnter      = 1 <<  4,
    UIControlEventTouchDragExit       = 1 <<  5,
    UIControlEventTouchUpInside       = 1 <<  6,
    UIControlEventTouchUpOutside      = 1 <<  7,
    UIControlEventTouchCancel         = 1 <<  8,

    UIControlEventValueChanged        = 1 << 12,     // sliders, etc.

    UIControlEventEditingDidBegin     = 1 << 16,     // UITextField
    UIControlEventEditingChanged      = 1 << 17,
    UIControlEventEditingDidEnd       = 1 << 18,
    UIControlEventEditingDidEndOnExit = 1 << 19,     // 'return key' ending editing

    UIControlEventAllTouchEvents      = 0x00000FFF,  // for touch events
    UIControlEventAllEditingEvents    = 0x000F0000,  // for UITextField
    UIControlEventApplicationReserved = 0x0F000000,  // range available for application use
    UIControlEventSystemReserved      = 0xF0000000,  // range reserved for internal framework use
    UIControlEventAllEvents           = 0xFFFFFFFF
};

/**

* @author 张兴业

*  http://blog.csdn.net/xyz_lmn

*  iOS入门群：83702688

*  android开发进阶群：241395671

*  我的新浪微博：@张兴业TBOW

*/

参考：

http://developer.apple.com/library/ios/#documentation/UIKit/Reference/UIButton_Class/UIButton/UIButton.html

http://developer.apple.com/library/ios/#documentation/uikit/reference/UIKit_Framework/Introduction/Introduction.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40006955-CH1-SW1

一、UIKit结构图