My Oracle Cook Book
My Oracle Cook Book-来自oralce菜鸟的学习笔记
准备
用到的是oracle自带的用户和表用户为scott/tiger
步骤是：连接数据库
-> sqlplus scott/tiger
Connected to Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.1.0.2.0
Connected as scott.
初始认证用户
如果scott用户没有链接到数据库，通过数据库认证查看用户的帐号状态，有可能是scott用户的状态处于EXPIRED & LOCKED
1-1 显示所有用户的帐号状态
以sysdba用户登录：->sqlplus / as sysdba
查看所有用户的帐号状态查找的表为dba_users(视图）;
SQL> desc dba_users;
Name Type Nullable Default Comments
--------------------------- -------------- -------- ------- ---------------------------------------
USERNAME VARCHAR2(30) Name of the user
USER_ID NUMBER ID number of the user
PASSWORD VARCHAR2(30) Y Encrypted password
ACCOUNT_STATUS VARCHAR2(32)
LOCK_DATE DATE Y
EXPIRY_DATE DATE Y
DEFAULT_TABLESPACE VARCHAR2(30) Default tablespace for data
TEMPORARY_TABLESPACE VARCHAR2(30) Default tablespace for temporary tables
CREATED DATE User creation date
PROFILE VARCHAR2(30) User resource profile name
INITIAL_RSRC_CONSUMER_GROUP VARCHAR2(30) Y User's initial consumer group
EXTERNAL_NAME VARCHAR2(4000) Y User external name
（需要的表字段用红色标识）
SQL> select username,account_status from dba_users where username like 'S%';
USERNAME ACCOUNT_STATUS
------------------------------ --------------------------------
SYSMAN OPEN
SYS OPEN
SYSTEM OPEN
SI_INFORMTN_SCHEMA EXPIRED & LOCKED
SCOTT EXPIRED & LOCKED
SH EXPIRED & LOCKED
注意scott用户的account_status状态
expired意思是用户的密码过期了。
Locked意思是用户帐号已经锁定
1.2 解锁用户和处理用户密码过期
SQL> alter user scott identified by tiger account unlock;User altered
SQL> select username,account_status from dba_users where username like 'S%';
USERNAME ACCOUNT_STATUS
------------------------------ --------------------------------
SCOTT OPEN
SYSMAN OPEN
SYS OPEN
SYSTEM OPEN
SI_INFORMTN_SCHEMA EXPIRED & LOCKED
SH EXPIRED & LOCKED
6 rows selected
注意scott状态已经打开
语句alter user scott identified by tiger account unlock；其中identified by tiger更新了密码，account unlock 解锁了scott用户
注意状态为OPEN状态
以scott用户登录
SQL> conn scott/tiger
Connected to Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.1.0.2.0
Connected as scott
1.3查看用户下的表（user_tables视图）
SQL> desc user_tables;Name Type Nullable Default Comments
------------------------- ------------ -------- ------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TABLE_NAME VARCHAR2(30) Name of the table
TABLESPACE_NAME VARCHAR2(30) Y Name of the tablespace containing the table
CLUSTER_NAME VARCHAR2(30) Y Name of the cluster, if any, to which the table belongs
IOT_NAME VARCHAR2(30) Y Name of the index-only table, if any, to which the overflow or mapping table entry belongs
PCT_FREE NUMBER Y Minimum percentage of free space in a block
PCT_USED NUMBER Y Minimum percentage of used space in a block
INI_TRANS NUMBER Y Initial number of transactions
MAX_TRANS NUMBER Y Maximum number of transactions
INITIAL_EXTENT NUMBER Y Size of the initial extent in bytes
NEXT_EXTENT NUMBER Y Size of secondary extents in bytes
MIN_EXTENTS NUMBER Y Minimum number of extents allowed in the segment
MAX_EXTENTS NUMBER Y Maximum number of extents allowed in the segment
PCT_INCREASE NUMBER Y Percentage increase in extent size
FREELISTS NUMBER Y Number of process freelists allocated in this segment
FREELIST_GROUPS NUMBER Y Number of freelist groups allocated in this segment
LOGGING VARCHAR2(3) Y Logging attribute
BACKED_UP VARCHAR2(1) Y Has table been backed up since last modification?
NUM_ROWS NUMBER Y The number of rows in the table
BLOCKS NUMBER Y The number of used blocks in the table
EMPTY_BLOCKS NUMBER Y The number of empty (never used) blocks in the table
AVG_SPACE NUMBER Y The average available free space in the table
CHAIN_CNT NUMBER Y The number of chained rows in the table
AVG_ROW_LEN NUMBER Y The average row length, including row overhead
AVG_SPACE_FREELIST_BLOCKS NUMBER Y The average freespace of all blocks on a freelist
NUM_FREELIST_BLOCKS NUMBER Y The number of blocks on the freelist
DEGREE VARCHAR2(10) Y The number of threads per instance for scanning the table
INSTANCES VARCHAR2(10) Y The number of instances across which the table is to be scanned
CACHE VARCHAR2(5) Y Whether the table is to be cached in the buffer cache
TABLE_LOCK VARCHAR2(8) Y Whether table locking is enabled or disabled
SAMPLE_SIZE NUMBER Y The sample size used in analyzing this table
LAST_ANALYZED DATE Y The date of the most recent time this table was analyzed
PARTITIONED VARCHAR2(3) Y Is this table partitioned? YES or NO
IOT_TYPE VARCHAR2(12) Y If index-only table, then IOT_TYPE is IOT or IOT_OVERFLOW or IOT_MAPPING else NULL
TEMPORARY VARCHAR2(1) Y Can the current session only see data that it place in this object itself?
SECONDARY VARCHAR2(1) Y Is this table object created as part of icreate for domain indexes?
NESTED VARCHAR2(3) Y Is the table a nested table?
BUFFER_POOL VARCHAR2(7) Y The default buffer pool to be used for table blocks
ROW_MOVEMENT VARCHAR2(8) Y Whether partitioned row movement is enabled or disabled
GLOBAL_STATS VARCHAR2(3) Y Are the statistics calculated without merging underlying partitions?
USER_STATS VARCHAR2(3) Y Were the statistics entered directly by the user?
DURATION VARCHAR2(15) Y If temporary table, then duration is sys$session or sys$transaction else NULL
SKIP_CORRUPT VARCHAR2(8) Y Whether skip corrupt blocks is enabled or disabled
MONITORING VARCHAR2(3) Y Should we keep track of the amount of modification?
CLUSTER_OWNER VARCHAR2(30) Y Owner of the cluster, if any, to which the table belongs
DEPENDENCIES VARCHAR2(8) Y Should we keep track of row level dependencies?
COMPRESSION VARCHAR2(8) Y Whether table compression is enabled or not
DROPPED VARCHAR2(3) Y Whether table is dropped and is in Recycle Bin
SQL> select table_name,tablespace_name from user_tables;
TABLE_NAME TABLESPACE_NAME
------------------------------ ------------------------------
SALGRADE USERS
BONUS USERS
EMP USERS
DEPT USERS
例子中主要适用EMP，DEPT俩个表
准备结束。下一节开始围绕该表介绍我的orcle SQL菜鸟笔记