Ubuntu7.10系统安装（包括各种常用软件，显卡驱动，双显示器，chroot sarge环境）
1, insert Ubuntu 7.10 CD
a, format disc(primary 10G ext3; extend 59G ext3; swap 1G)
b, install(timezone shanghai; en_US; "prepare disc space" manual, or the system will partition autoly)
c, auto restart, go on install system(remenber cut off the net line except the netwidth is large, or it will cost long time to download from far away)
2, config
a, sources list
sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list
# add "deb http://debian.exoweb.net/debian.cn99.com/debian etch main" into it
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
b, vedio card driver
在ubuntu7.10下装nvidia 7 series显卡并配置双屏显示：
一，显卡驱动 ＋ 双显示器
(修改X配置命令：sudo dpkg-reconfigure xserver-xorg)
1，到nvidia网站下载7系列显卡的最新驱动
2，ensure that the linux-restricted-modules or linux-restricted-modules-common packages have been uninstalled. Alternatively, you can edit the /etc/default/linux-restricted-modules or /etc/default/linux-restricted-modules-common configuration file and disable the NVIDIA linux-restricted kernel modules (nvidia, nvidia_legacy) via:
DISABLED_MODULES="nv nvidia_new"
3,
sudo apt-get remove --purge nvidia-glx nvidia-glx-new
sudo rm /etc/init.d/nvidia-glx /etc/init.d/nvidia-kernel /lib/linux-restricted-modules/.nvidia_new_installed
4，然后ctrl+alt+1进入tty1
sudo /etc/init.d/gdm stop
sudo sh NVIDIA-Linux-x86-100.14.23-pkg1.run
(这时会出现错误提示，说少了“libc header file...libc development package”)
sudo apt-get install sudo apt-get install build-essential xorg-dev pkg-config linux-headers-$(uname -r), libc6-dev
sudo sh NVIDIA-Linux-x86-100.14.23-pkg1.run
sudo /etc/init.d/gdm start
用application -> system tools里的nvidia工具去配置双显示器
c, multi-language
System -> Administration -> Language support: install English and Chinese
check "input method"
d, Wen Quan Yi font
browse http://wenq.org/, and download 文泉驿点阵宋体 and 文泉驿矢量正黑, then install them
System -> Preference -> Appearance -> Fonts 前四项选择：点阵宋体（WenQuanYi Bitmap Song）， 第五项不改（Monospace）
sudo fc-cache -f -v (刷新字体缓存，每次修改字体都要这样，不然Xorg会很慢)
e, stardict
sudo apt-get install stardict
(http://stardict.sourceforge.net/Dictionaries_zh_CN.php 下载朗道英汉，汉英字典)
tar -xjvf *** --directory /usr/share/stardict/dic/
f, pidgin internet messager
sudo apt-get install gaim-guifications
config: Tools -> Plugins -> (check) Guifications; then, config it to uncheck on "Chat message"
3, install and config Software
sudo apt-get install postgresql-8.1 python2.4 ipython vim-gnome sun-java5-jdk eclipse subversion build-essential ssh build-essential meld kompare
a, postgresql
sudo su - postgres (for user postgres has Null password, so you can't just "su - postgres", or you can sudo "sudo passwd postgres" to set password for postgres, then "su - postgres")
createuser (enter username and password.)
config postgresql as below:
In /etc/postgresql/8.1/main/postgresql.conf, Change listen_addresses to '*' and change datestyle to 'ISO,European' and uncomment them.
In /etc/postgresql/8.1/main/pg_hba.conf, 最后加入一行“host all justin 127.0.0.1/16 trust”
b, eclipse
sudo eclipse, exit, eclipse
c, ssh
When other mathines want to ssh or scp your mathine which is new OS, it should "rm ~/.ssh/known_hosts" to reload the new Cert.
d, kompare
add a file svndiff in src with context
"""
if [ $1 ] ; then
svn up -r $1
svn st -q
svn log -r $1
PRE=`expr $1 - 1`
svn diff --diff-cmd=diff -x "-U 10000" -r$PRE:$1 > /tmp/$1.diff
cat /tmp/$1.diff | kompare -
else
svn up
svn st
svn diff --diff-cmd=diff -x "-U 10000" | kompare -
fi
"""
then, in src, ./svndiff 9827 will show diff about r9827
e, firefox add-ons
firebug, flashblock
3, chroot
a,
sudo apt-get install debootstrap
sudo debootstrap --arch i386 etch /home/etch http://debian.exoweb.net/debian.cn99.com/debian/
(if in 64 bit system, use --arch amd64)
sudo chroot /home/etch
#in etch as root
apt-get install locales
dpkg-reconfigure locales #(choose en_us UTF8 as before)
apt-get install vim vim-gnome xbase-clients less sudo postgresql-client subversion
echo "etch" > /etc/debian-chroot
visudo (add user justin to sudo)
adduser justin (删除的命令是userdel justin)
在ubuntu的/usr/bin/etch加入：
sudo cp /etc/passwd /home/etch/etc/
sudo cp /etc/shadow /home/etch/etc/
sudo cp /etc/group /home/etch/etc/
sudo cp /etc/sudoers /home/etch/etc/
sudo cp /etc/resolv.conf /home/etch/etc/
sudo cp /etc/hosts /home/etch/etc/
在/etc/fstab加入：
/home /home/etch/home none bind 0 0
/tmp /home/etch/tmp none bind 0 0
/dev /home/etch/dev none bind 0 0
/proc /home/etch/proc none bind 0 0
sudo chroot /home/etch/ su - justin
现在就可一享受chroot的双系统了
b, run X in etch 3 steps
b1, (etch)mkdir /tmp/.X11-unix
(ubuntu)sudo echo "/tmp/.X11-unix/x0 /home/justin/etch/tmp/.X11-unix/x0 none bind 0 0" >> /etc/fstab
# another way is write it in to /etc/fstab, or sudo mount --bind /tmp/*** /home/justin/etch/tmp/***
b2, (etch)vim ~/.bashrc # add "export DISPLAY=:0.0"
b3, (ubuntu) cp ~/.Xauthority ~/etch/home/justin/ （其实这步不需要，因为上面已经把/home mount到了/home/etch/home了）
c, install java
#download jdk-1_5_0_14-linux-i586.bin to /opt/, and into etch/opt/
sudo chmod +x jdk-1_5_0_14-linux-i586.bin
sudo ./jdk-1_5_0_14-linux-i586.bin
vim ~/.bashrc
#add below in the end of .bashrc
#export JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk1.5.0_14
#export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar
#export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
java -version
#java version "1.5.0_14"
#Java(TM) 2 Runtime Environment, Standard Edition (build 1.5.0_14-b03)
#Java HotSpot(TM) Client VM (build 1.5.0_14-b03, mixed mode, sharing)
配置默认Java使用哪个 sudo update-alternatives --config java