hibernate学习之第十一篇(1)

hibernate的继承映射
《一》一张表映射一棵继承树

使用discriminator(鉴别标志)
类Worker和Farmer都继承自Person
类Person的源代码如下:

package hibernate.extend;
public class Person {
private int id;
private String name;
private int age;

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

}

 

类Worker的源代码如下:

package hibernate.extend;

public class Worker extends Person{

    public int getWork_year() {
        return work_year;
    }

    public void setWork_year(int work_year) {
        this.work_year = work_year;
    }
private int work_year;//工人的工龄
}

 

类Farmer的源代码如下:

package hibernate.extend;
public class Farmer extends Person {
private String farm_name;//农民的农场名

    public String getFarm_name() {
        return farm_name;
    }

    public void setFarm_name(String farm_name) {
        this.farm_name = farm_name;
    }
}
 

只有一个映射文件person.hbm.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping package="hibernate.extend">
    <class name="Person" table="person" discriminator-value="0" >
        <id name="id">
            <generator class="native"/>
        </id>
        <discriminator column="type" type="int"/> //通过discriminator节点,我们声明了用做子类辨别标识的字段名
        <property name="name"/>
        <property name="age"/>
        <subclass name="Worker" discriminator-value="1" >
            <property name="work_year"/>
        </subclass>
        <subclass name="Farmer" discriminator-value="2" >
            <property name="farm_name"/>
        </subclass>

    </class>
</hibernate-mapping>

测试代码:

 static void add(){
        Person p = new Person();
        p.setName("person");
        p.setAge(22);

        Worker worker = new Worker();
        worker.setName("worker");
        worker.setAge(30);
        worker.setWork_year(11);

        Farmer farmer = new Farmer();
        farmer.setName("farmer");
        farmer.setAge(31);
        farmer.setFarm_name("little candy");

        Session s = HibernateUtil.getSession();
        Transaction tx = s.beginTransaction();
        s.save(p);
        s.save(worker);
        s.save(farmer);
        tx.commit();
    }
 

执行报出异常:
 org.hibernate.DuplicateMappingException: duplicate import: Person refers to both hibernate.extend.Person and hibernatetest01.Person (try using auto-import="false")

检查后发现,在hibernaqte.cfg.xml配置文件中,我在以前写一对一关系映射时,曾经用到过Person类。
<mapping resource="hibernatetest01/person.hbm.xml"/>
<mapping resource="hibernate/extend/person.hbm.xml"/>


异常也显示说我重复映射。并提示我使用auto-import属性。
修改映射文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping package="hibernate.extend" auto-import="false" >
    <class name="Person" table="person" discriminator-value="0" >
        <id name="id">
            <generator class="native"/>
        </id>
        <discriminator column="type" type="int"/> //这一列对对象模型没有作用,是hibernate用来区分具体的子类用的
        <property name="name"/>
        <property name="age"/>
        <subclass name="Worker" discriminator-value="1">
            <property name="work_year"/>
        </subclass>
        <subclass name="Farmer" discriminator-value="2">
            <property name="farm_name"/>
        </subclass>
    </class>
</hibernate-mapping>

修改后,问题得到解决。执行以上程序代码,显示的sql语句为:

写道
Hibernate: insert into person (name, age, type) values (?, ?, 0)
Hibernate: insert into person (name, age, work_year, type) values (?, ?, ?, 1)
Hibernate: insert into person (name, age, farm_name, type) values (?, ?, ?, 2)
 

查看数据库的表结构为:
+----+------+--------+------+----------------+--------------+
| id   | type | name  | age  | work_year | farm_name|
+----+------+----------+-----+--------------+--------------+
|  1   |    0  | person |   22 |      NULL      | NULL         |
|  2   |    1  | worker |   30 |        11        | NULL         |
|  3   |    2  | farmer  |   31 |      NULL      | little candy|
+----+------+----------+------+---------------+-------------+

由上面可见:work_year和farm_name属性必须是可以为null的。不然第一条插入语句就会出现问题。这也是这种方法的一种局限。表中有冗余字段。表结构不是很合理。同时,在类体系结构上增加新的子类时,要对数据库表的结构做修改,也使得不是很方便。
这种方案,由于对类体系的操作归结为对一张表的操作,在性能上有一定的优势。

充:
auto-import (可选 - 默认为 true): 指定是否我们可以在查询语言中使用非全限定的类名(仅限于本映射文件中的类)。
假若你有两个持久化类,它们的非全限定名是一样的(就是在不同的包里面),你应该设置auto-import="false"。假若说你把一个“import过”的名字同时对应两个类, Hibernate会抛出一个异常。

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