Protocols and Extensions
Protocols 协议的使用
使用关键字 protocol 定义一个协议
protocol ExampleProtocol { var simpleDescription: String { get } mutating func adjust() }
class SimpleClass: ExampleProtocol { var simpleDescription: String = "A very simple class." var anotherProperty: Int = 69105 func adjust() { simpleDescription += " Now 100% adjusted." } } var a = SimpleClass() a.adjust() let aDescription = a.simpleDescription struct SimpleStructure: ExampleProtocol { var simpleDescription: String = "A simple structure" mutating func adjust() { simpleDescription += " (adjusted)" } } var b = SimpleStructure() b.adjust() let bDescription = b.simpleDescription
协议主要的使用场合:
1. 需要由别的类实现的方法
2. 声明位置类的接口
3. 两个类之间通信
Extensions 扩展的使用
可以使用 extension 关键字为一个类型拓展协议,增加方法和属性
extension Int: ExampleProtocol { var simpleDescription: String { return "The number \(self)" } mutating func adjust() { self += 42 } } 7.simpleDescription
let protocolValue: ExampleProtocol = a protocolValue.simpleDescription // protocolValue.anotherProperty // Uncomment to see the error
Generics 泛型的使用
使用 < > 声明泛型函数或者泛型类型
func repeat<ItemType>(item: ItemType, times: Int) -> ItemType[] { var result = ItemType[]() for i in 0..times { result += item } return result } repeat("knock", 4)
// Reimplement the Swift standard library's optional type enum OptionalValue<T> { case None case Some(T) } var possibleInteger: OptionalValue<Int> = .None possibleInteger = .Some(100)
func anyCommonElements <T, U where T: Sequence, U: Sequence, T.GeneratorType.Element: Equatable, T.GeneratorType.Element == U.GeneratorType.Element> (lhs: T, rhs: U) -> Bool { for lhsItem in lhs { for rhsItem in rhs { if lhsItem == rhsItem { return true } } } return false } anyCommonElements([1, 2, 3], [3])
入门就说到这,下一节我们说说 Language Guide