multiset的特性及其用法和set完全相同,唯一的区别就是multiset允许键值key重复,因此multiset的插入操作采用的是底层RB-Tree的insert_equal()而非insert_unique(),有关set容器的介绍前往博文《STL源码剖析——关联容器之set》。本文的源码出自SGI STL中的<stl_multiset.h>文件。
#ifndef __SGI_STL_INTERNAL_MULTISET_H #define __SGI_STL_INTERNAL_MULTISET_H #include <concept_checks.h> __STL_BEGIN_NAMESPACE #if defined(__sgi) && !defined(__GNUC__) && (_MIPS_SIM != _MIPS_SIM_ABI32) #pragma set woff 1174 #pragma set woff 1375 #endif //multiset的特性及其用法和set完全相同,唯一的区别就是multiset允许键值key重复 //因此multiset的插入操作采用的是底层RB-Tree的insert_equal()而非insert_unique() //有关set容器的剖析见前面博文 // Forward declaration of operators < and ==, needed for friend declaration. //multiset内部元素默认使用递增排序less //用户可自行制定比较类型 //内部维护的数据结构是红黑树, 具有非常优秀的最坏情况的时间复杂度 template <class _Key, class _Compare __STL_DEPENDENT_DEFAULT_TMPL(less<_Key>), class _Alloc = __STL_DEFAULT_ALLOCATOR(_Key) > class multiset; template <class _Key, class _Compare, class _Alloc> inline bool operator==(const multiset<_Key,_Compare,_Alloc>& __x, const multiset<_Key,_Compare,_Alloc>& __y); template <class _Key, class _Compare, class _Alloc> inline bool operator<(const multiset<_Key,_Compare,_Alloc>& __x, const multiset<_Key,_Compare,_Alloc>& __y); template <class _Key, class _Compare, class _Alloc> class multiset { // requirements: __STL_CLASS_REQUIRES(_Key, _Assignable); __STL_CLASS_BINARY_FUNCTION_CHECK(_Compare, bool, _Key, _Key); public: // typedefs: //以下的定义与set相同 typedef _Key key_type; typedef _Key value_type; typedef _Compare key_compare; typedef _Compare value_compare; private: //底层机制是采用RB-Tree typedef _Rb_tree<key_type, value_type, _Identity<value_type>, key_compare, _Alloc> _Rep_type; _Rep_type _M_t; // red-black tree representing multiset public: typedef typename _Rep_type::const_pointer pointer; typedef typename _Rep_type::const_pointer const_pointer; typedef typename _Rep_type::const_reference reference; typedef typename _Rep_type::const_reference const_reference; typedef typename _Rep_type::const_iterator iterator; typedef typename _Rep_type::const_iterator const_iterator; typedef typename _Rep_type::const_reverse_iterator reverse_iterator; typedef typename _Rep_type::const_reverse_iterator const_reverse_iterator; typedef typename _Rep_type::size_type size_type; typedef typename _Rep_type::difference_type difference_type; typedef typename _Rep_type::allocator_type allocator_type; // allocation/deallocation /* 构造函数 multiset(); explicit multiset (const key_compare& comp = key_compare(), const allocator_type& alloc = allocator_type()); template <class InputIterator> multiset (InputIterator first, InputIterator last, const key_compare& comp = key_compare(), const allocator_type& alloc = allocator_type()); multiset (const multiset& x); */ multiset() : _M_t(_Compare(), allocator_type()) {} explicit multiset(const _Compare& __comp, const allocator_type& __a = allocator_type()) : _M_t(__comp, __a) {} #ifdef __STL_MEMBER_TEMPLATES //multiset的插入操作采用的是底层RB-Tree的insert_equal()而非insert_unique() template <class _InputIterator> multiset(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last) : _M_t(_Compare(), allocator_type()) { _M_t.insert_equal(__first, __last); } template <class _InputIterator> multiset(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last, const _Compare& __comp, const allocator_type& __a = allocator_type()) : _M_t(__comp, __a) { _M_t.insert_equal(__first, __last); } #else multiset(const value_type* __first, const value_type* __last) : _M_t(_Compare(), allocator_type()) { _M_t.insert_equal(__first, __last); } multiset(const value_type* __first, const value_type* __last, const _Compare& __comp, const allocator_type& __a = allocator_type()) : _M_t(__comp, __a) { _M_t.insert_equal(__first, __last); } multiset(const_iterator __first, const_iterator __last) : _M_t(_Compare(), allocator_type()) { _M_t.insert_equal(__first, __last); } multiset(const_iterator __first, const_iterator __last, const _Compare& __comp, const allocator_type& __a = allocator_type()) : _M_t(__comp, __a) { _M_t.insert_equal(__first, __last); } #endif /* __STL_MEMBER_TEMPLATES */ multiset(const multiset<_Key,_Compare,_Alloc>& __x) : _M_t(__x._M_t) {} multiset<_Key,_Compare,_Alloc>& operator=(const multiset<_Key,_Compare,_Alloc>& __x) { _M_t = __x._M_t;//调用了底层红黑树的operator=操作函数 return *this; } //以下所有的multiset操作行为,RB-tree都已提供,所以multiset只要调用即可 // accessors: //返回用于key比较的函数,调用RB-Tree的key_comp() key_compare key_comp() const { return _M_t.key_comp(); } //由于multiset的性质, value和key使用同一个比较函数 value_compare value_comp() const { return _M_t.key_comp(); } allocator_type get_allocator() const { return _M_t.get_allocator(); } iterator begin() const { return _M_t.begin(); } iterator end() const { return _M_t.end(); } reverse_iterator rbegin() const { return _M_t.rbegin(); } reverse_iterator rend() const { return _M_t.rend(); } bool empty() const { return _M_t.empty(); } size_type size() const { return _M_t.size(); } size_type max_size() const { return _M_t.max_size(); } //这里调用的swap()函数是专属于RB-Tree的swap(),并不是STL的swap()算法 void swap(multiset<_Key,_Compare,_Alloc>& __x) { _M_t.swap(__x._M_t); } // insert/erase /* 插入节点 iterator insert (const value_type& val); iterator insert (iterator position, const value_type& val); template <class InputIterator> void insert (InputIterator first, InputIterator last); */ //插入数据节点 iterator insert(const value_type& __x) { return _M_t.insert_equal(__x); } //在指定位置插入节点 iterator insert(iterator __position, const value_type& __x) { typedef typename _Rep_type::iterator _Rep_iterator; return _M_t.insert_equal((_Rep_iterator&)__position, __x); } #ifdef __STL_MEMBER_TEMPLATES template <class _InputIterator> void insert(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last) { _M_t.insert_equal(__first, __last); } #else void insert(const value_type* __first, const value_type* __last) { _M_t.insert_equal(__first, __last); } void insert(const_iterator __first, const_iterator __last) { _M_t.insert_equal(__first, __last); } #endif /* __STL_MEMBER_TEMPLATES */ //擦除指定位置的元素 void erase(iterator __position) { typedef typename _Rep_type::iterator _Rep_iterator; _M_t.erase((_Rep_iterator&)__position); } //擦除元素值为x的节点 size_type erase(const key_type& __x) { return _M_t.erase(__x); } //擦除指定区间的节点 void erase(iterator __first, iterator __last) { typedef typename _Rep_type::iterator _Rep_iterator; _M_t.erase((_Rep_iterator&)__first, (_Rep_iterator&)__last); } //清除multiset void clear() { _M_t.clear(); } // multiset operations: //查找元素值为x的节点 iterator find(const key_type& __x) const { return _M_t.find(__x); } //返回指定元素的个数 size_type count(const key_type& __x) const { return _M_t.count(__x); } //Returns an iterator pointing to the first element in the container //whose key is not considered to go before k (i.e., either it is equivalent or goes after). iterator lower_bound(const key_type& __x) const { return _M_t.lower_bound(__x); } //Returns an iterator pointing to the first element that is greater than key. iterator upper_bound(const key_type& __x) const { return _M_t.upper_bound(__x); } //Returns the bounds of a range that includes all the elements in the container //which have a key equivalent to k //Because the elements in a map container have unique keys, //the range returned will contain a single element at most. pair<iterator,iterator> equal_range(const key_type& __x) const { return _M_t.equal_range(__x); } //以下是操作符的重载 #ifdef __STL_TEMPLATE_FRIENDS template <class _K1, class _C1, class _A1> friend bool operator== (const multiset<_K1,_C1,_A1>&, const multiset<_K1,_C1,_A1>&); template <class _K1, class _C1, class _A1> friend bool operator< (const multiset<_K1,_C1,_A1>&, const multiset<_K1,_C1,_A1>&); #else /* __STL_TEMPLATE_FRIENDS */ friend bool __STD_QUALIFIER operator== __STL_NULL_TMPL_ARGS (const multiset&, const multiset&); friend bool __STD_QUALIFIER operator< __STL_NULL_TMPL_ARGS (const multiset&, const multiset&); #endif /* __STL_TEMPLATE_FRIENDS */ }; template <class _Key, class _Compare, class _Alloc> inline bool operator==(const multiset<_Key,_Compare,_Alloc>& __x, const multiset<_Key,_Compare,_Alloc>& __y) { return __x._M_t == __y._M_t; } template <class _Key, class _Compare, class _Alloc> inline bool operator<(const multiset<_Key,_Compare,_Alloc>& __x, const multiset<_Key,_Compare,_Alloc>& __y) { return __x._M_t < __y._M_t; } #ifdef __STL_FUNCTION_TMPL_PARTIAL_ORDER template <class _Key, class _Compare, class _Alloc> inline bool operator!=(const multiset<_Key,_Compare,_Alloc>& __x, const multiset<_Key,_Compare,_Alloc>& __y) { return !(__x == __y); } template <class _Key, class _Compare, class _Alloc> inline bool operator>(const multiset<_Key,_Compare,_Alloc>& __x, const multiset<_Key,_Compare,_Alloc>& __y) { return __y < __x; } template <class _Key, class _Compare, class _Alloc> inline bool operator<=(const multiset<_Key,_Compare,_Alloc>& __x, const multiset<_Key,_Compare,_Alloc>& __y) { return !(__y < __x); } template <class _Key, class _Compare, class _Alloc> inline bool operator>=(const multiset<_Key,_Compare,_Alloc>& __x, const multiset<_Key,_Compare,_Alloc>& __y) { return !(__x < __y); } template <class _Key, class _Compare, class _Alloc> inline void swap(multiset<_Key,_Compare,_Alloc>& __x, multiset<_Key,_Compare,_Alloc>& __y) { __x.swap(__y); } #endif /* __STL_FUNCTION_TMPL_PARTIAL_ORDER */ #if defined(__sgi) && !defined(__GNUC__) && (_MIPS_SIM != _MIPS_SIM_ABI32) #pragma reset woff 1174 #pragma reset woff 1375 #endif __STL_END_NAMESPACE #endif /* __SGI_STL_INTERNAL_MULTISET_H */ // Local Variables: // mode:C++ // End:参考资料:
《STL源码剖析》侯捷