我们都知道在Android中的每一个应用是一个进程,其实每一个应用就相当于Linux系统里面的一个用户,进程和进程之间的通信其实就相当于用户和用户之间的通信,为了实现这种跨进程通信,Android提供了AIDL Service ( Android Interface definition language).
与邦等本地Service不同的是,本地Service的onBind()方法会直接把IBinder对象本身传给客户端的ServiceConnection的onServiceConnected方法的第二个参数。但远程Service的onBind()方法只是将IBinder对象的代理传给客户端的ServiceConnection的onService Connected方法的第二个参数。
ALDL定义的特点:
1、AIDL定义接口的源码必须以.aidl结尾。
2、AIDL接口中用到数据类型,除了基本类型、String、List、Map、CharSequence之外,其他类型全部都需要导包,即使它们在同一个包中也需要导包。
下面来具体实现一个示例:
(1)定义AIDL接口(和Java接口非常类似)
package com.example.testservice; interface ICat { String getColor(); double getWeight(); }
自动生成的ICat.java接口
/* * This file is auto-generated. DO NOT MODIFY. * Original file: D:\\adt-bundle-windows-x86-20130729\\eclipse\\workspace\\TestService\\src\\com\\example\\testservice\\ICat.aidl */ package com.example.testservice; public interface ICat extends android.os.IInterface { /** Local-side IPC implementation stub class. */ public static abstract class Stub extends android.os.Binder implements com.example.testservice.ICat { private static final java.lang.String DESCRIPTOR = "com.example.testservice.ICat"; /** Construct the stub at attach it to the interface. */ public Stub() { this.attachInterface(this, DESCRIPTOR); } /** * Cast an IBinder object into an com.example.testservice.ICat * interface, generating a proxy if needed. */ public static com.example.testservice.ICat asInterface( android.os.IBinder obj) { if ((obj == null)) { return null; } android.os.IInterface iin = obj.queryLocalInterface(DESCRIPTOR); if (((iin != null) && (iin instanceof com.example.testservice.ICat))) { return ((com.example.testservice.ICat) iin); } return new com.example.testservice.ICat.Stub.Proxy(obj); } @Override public android.os.IBinder asBinder() { return this; } @Override public boolean onTransact(int code, android.os.Parcel data, android.os.Parcel reply, int flags) throws android.os.RemoteException { switch (code) { case INTERFACE_TRANSACTION: { reply.writeString(DESCRIPTOR); return true; } case TRANSACTION_getColor: { data.enforceInterface(DESCRIPTOR); java.lang.String _result = this.getColor(); reply.writeNoException(); reply.writeString(_result); return true; } case TRANSACTION_getWeight: { data.enforceInterface(DESCRIPTOR); double _result = this.getWeight(); reply.writeNoException(); reply.writeDouble(_result); return true; } } return super.onTransact(code, data, reply, flags); } private static class Proxy implements com.example.testservice.ICat { private android.os.IBinder mRemote; Proxy(android.os.IBinder remote) { mRemote = remote; } @Override public android.os.IBinder asBinder() { return mRemote; } public java.lang.String getInterfaceDescriptor() { return DESCRIPTOR; } @Override public java.lang.String getColor() throws android.os.RemoteException { android.os.Parcel _data = android.os.Parcel.obtain(); android.os.Parcel _reply = android.os.Parcel.obtain(); java.lang.String _result; try { _data.writeInterfaceToken(DESCRIPTOR); mRemote.transact(Stub.TRANSACTION_getColor, _data, _reply, 0); _reply.readException(); _result = _reply.readString(); } finally { _reply.recycle(); _data.recycle(); } return _result; } @Override public double getWeight() throws android.os.RemoteException { android.os.Parcel _data = android.os.Parcel.obtain(); android.os.Parcel _reply = android.os.Parcel.obtain(); double _result; try { _data.writeInterfaceToken(DESCRIPTOR); mRemote.transact(Stub.TRANSACTION_getWeight, _data, _reply, 0); _reply.readException(); _result = _reply.readDouble(); } finally { _reply.recycle(); _data.recycle(); } return _result; } } static final int TRANSACTION_getColor = (android.os.IBinder.FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 0); static final int TRANSACTION_getWeight = (android.os.IBinder.FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 1); } public java.lang.String getColor() throws android.os.RemoteException; public double getWeight() throws android.os.RemoteException; }(3)定义一个Service实现类,该Service的onBind()方法所返回的IBinder对象应该是ADT所生成的ICat.Stub的子类的实例。这一步的主要作用是将上面创建的接口暴漏给客户端。
package com.example.testservice; import java.util.Timer; import java.util.TimerTask; import com.example.testservice.ICat.Stub; import android.app.Service; import android.content.Intent; import android.os.IBinder; import android.os.RemoteException; public class AidlService extends Service{ private CatBinder catBinder; Timer timer = new Timer(); String[] colors = new String[]{ "红色", "黄色", "黑色" }; double[] weights = new double[]{ 2.3, 3.1, 1.58 }; private String color; private double weight; @Override public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) { /* * 返回catBinder对象 * 在绑定本地Service的情况下,该catBinder对象会直接传给客户端的 * ServiceConnection对象的onServiceConnected方法的第二个参数; * 在绑定远程Service的情况下,只将catBinder对象的代理传给客户端的 * ServiceConnection对象的onServiceConnected方法的第二个参数; */ return catBinder; } //继承Stub,也就是实现了ICat接口,并实现了IBinder接口 public class CatBinder extends Stub{ @Override public String getColor() throws RemoteException { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return color; } @Override public double getWeight() throws RemoteException { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return weight; } } @Override public void onCreate() { super.onCreate(); catBinder = new CatBinder(); timer.schedule(new TimerTask() { @Override public void run() { int rand = (int)(Math.random() * 3); color = colors[rand]; weight = weights[rand]; System.out.println("---------" + rand); } }, 0, 800); } }
<service android:name=".AidlService"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="com.example.testservice.action.AIDL_SERVICE"/> </intent-filter> </service>
上面说过AIDL是定义在两个进程之间通信的一个接口,既然是一个通信协议,客户端同样需要前面定义的AIDL接口,所以第一步就是将AIDL文件复制到客户端应用中。
package com.example.testservice; import android.app.Activity; import android.app.Service; import android.content.ComponentName; import android.content.Intent; import android.content.ServiceConnection; import android.os.IBinder; import android.os.RemoteException; import android.view.View; import android.view.View.OnClickListener; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.EditText; public class AidlClient extends Activity{ private ICat catService; private Button get; EditText color, weight; private ServiceConnection conn = new ServiceConnection() { @Override public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) { } @Override public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) { //获取远程Service的onBind方法返回的对象的代理 catService = ICat.Stub.asInterface(service); } }; protected void onCreate(android.os.Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); get = (Button)findViewById(R.id.get); color = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.color); weight = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.weight); //创建所需绑定的Service的Intent Intent intent = new Intent(); intent.setAction("com.example.testservice.action.AIDL_SERVICE"); bindService(intent, conn, Service.BIND_AUTO_CREATE); get.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View arg0) { try { color.setText(catService.getColor()); weight.setText(catService.getWeight() + ""); } catch (RemoteException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }); }; @Override protected void onDestroy() { super.onDestroy(); //解除绑定 this.unbindService(conn); } }
下一篇将介绍如何在进程之间传递复杂数据