首先回忆一下 select 模型,当有 I/O 事件到来时, select 通知应用程序有事件到了快去处理,而应用程序必须轮询所有的 FD 集合,测试每个 FD 是否有事件发生,并处理事件;代码像下面这样:
int res = select(maxfd+1, &readfds, NULL, NULL, 120); if (res > 0) { for (int i = 0; i < MAX_CONNECTION; i++) { if (FD_ISSET(allConnection[i], &readfds)) { handleEvent(allConnection[i]); } } } // if(res == 0) handle timeout, res < 0 handle error
for (int i = 0; i < res;i++) { handleEvent(events[n]); }
struct epoll_event { __uint32_t events; // Epoll events epoll_data_t data; // User data variable }; typedef union epoll_data { void *ptr; int fd; __uint32_t u32; __uint64_t u64; } epoll_data_t;
int epoll_create(int size);生成一个 Epoll 专用的文件描述符,其实是申请一个内核空间,用来存放你想关注的 socket fd 上是否发生以及发生了什么事件。 size 就是你在这个 Epoll fd 上能关注的最大 socket fd 数,大小自定,只要内存足够。
int epoll_ctl(int epfd, int op, int fd, struct epoll_event *event );控制某个 Epoll 文件描述符上的事件:注册、修改、删除。其中参数 epfd 是 epoll_create() 创建 Epoll 专用的文件描述符。相对于 select 模型中的 FD_SET 和 FD_CLR 宏。
int epoll_wait(int epfd,struct epoll_event * events,int maxevents,int timeout);等待 I/O 事件的发生;参数说明:
// // a simple echo server using epoll in linux // // 2009-11-05 // by sparkling // #include <sys/socket.h> #include <sys/epoll.h> #include <netinet/in.h> #include <arpa/inet.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <errno.h> #include <iostream> using namespace std; #define MAX_EVENTS 500 struct myevent_s { int fd; void (*call_back)(int fd, int events, void *arg); int events; void *arg; int status; // 1: in epoll wait list, 0 not in char buff[128]; // recv data buffer int len; long last_active; // last active time }; // set event void EventSet(myevent_s *ev, int fd, void (*call_back)(int, int, void*), void *arg) { ev->fd = fd; ev->call_back = call_back; ev->events = 0; ev->arg = arg; ev->status = 0; ev->last_active = time(NULL); } // add/mod an event to epoll void EventAdd(int epollFd, int events, myevent_s *ev) { struct epoll_event epv = {0, {0}}; int op; epv.data.ptr = ev; epv.events = ev->events = events; if(ev->status == 1){ op = EPOLL_CTL_MOD; } else{ op = EPOLL_CTL_ADD; ev->status = 1; } if(epoll_ctl(epollFd, op, ev->fd, &epv) < 0) printf("Event Add failed[fd=%d]/n", ev->fd); else printf("Event Add OK[fd=%d]/n", ev->fd); } // delete an event from epoll void EventDel(int epollFd, myevent_s *ev) { struct epoll_event epv = {0, {0}}; if(ev->status != 1) return; epv.data.ptr = ev; ev->status = 0; epoll_ctl(epollFd, EPOLL_CTL_DEL, ev->fd, &epv); } int g_epollFd; myevent_s g_Events[MAX_EVENTS+1]; // g_Events[MAX_EVENTS] is used by listen fd void RecvData(int fd, int events, void *arg); void SendData(int fd, int events, void *arg); // accept new connections from clients void AcceptConn(int fd, int events, void *arg) { struct sockaddr_in sin; socklen_t len = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in); int nfd, i; // accept if((nfd = accept(fd, (struct sockaddr*)&sin, &len)) == -1) { if(errno != EAGAIN && errno != EINTR) { printf("%s: bad accept", __func__); } return; } do { for(i = 0; i < MAX_EVENTS; i++) { if(g_Events[i].status == 0) { break; } } if(i == MAX_EVENTS) { printf("%s:max connection limit[%d].", __func__, MAX_EVENTS); break; } // set nonblocking if(fcntl(nfd, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK) < 0) break; // add a read event for receive data EventSet(&g_Events[i], nfd, RecvData, &g_Events[i]); EventAdd(g_epollFd, EPOLLIN|EPOLLET, &g_Events[i]); printf("new conn[%s:%d][time:%d]/n", inet_ntoa(sin.sin_addr), ntohs(sin.sin_port), g_Events[i].last_active); }while(0); } // receive data void RecvData(int fd, int events, void *arg) { struct myevent_s *ev = (struct myevent_s*)arg; int len; // receive data len = recv(fd, ev->buff, sizeof(ev->buff)-1, 0); EventDel(g_epollFd, ev); if(len > 0) { ev->len = len; ev->buff[len] = '/0'; printf("C[%d]:%s/n", fd, ev->buff); // change to send event EventSet(ev, fd, SendData, ev); EventAdd(g_epollFd, EPOLLOUT|EPOLLET, ev); } else if(len == 0) { close(ev->fd); printf("[fd=%d] closed gracefully./n", fd); } else { close(ev->fd); printf("recv[fd=%d] error[%d]:%s/n", fd, errno, strerror(errno)); } } // send data void SendData(int fd, int events, void *arg) { struct myevent_s *ev = (struct myevent_s*)arg; int len; // send data len = send(fd, ev->buff, ev->len, 0); ev->len = 0; EventDel(g_epollFd, ev); if(len > 0) { // change to receive event EventSet(ev, fd, RecvData, ev); EventAdd(g_epollFd, EPOLLIN|EPOLLET, ev); } else { close(ev->fd); printf("recv[fd=%d] error[%d]/n", fd, errno); } } void InitListenSocket(int epollFd, short port) { int listenFd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0); fcntl(listenFd, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK); // set non-blocking printf("server listen fd=%d/n", listenFd); EventSet(&g_Events[MAX_EVENTS], listenFd, AcceptConn, &g_Events[MAX_EVENTS]); // add listen socket EventAdd(epollFd, EPOLLIN|EPOLLET, &g_Events[MAX_EVENTS]); // bind & listen sockaddr_in sin; bzero(&sin, sizeof(sin)); sin.sin_family = AF_INET; sin.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY; sin.sin_port = htons(port); bind(listenFd, (const sockaddr*)&sin, sizeof(sin)); listen(listenFd, 5); } int main(int argc, char **argv) { short port = 12345; // default port if(argc == 2){ port = atoi(argv[1]); } // create epoll g_epollFd = epoll_create(MAX_EVENTS); if(g_epollFd <= 0) printf("create epoll failed.%d/n", g_epollFd); // create & bind listen socket, and add to epoll, set non-blocking InitListenSocket(g_epollFd, port); // event loop struct epoll_event events[MAX_EVENTS]; printf("server running:port[%d]/n", port); int checkPos = 0; while(1){ // a simple timeout check here, //every time 100, better to use a mini-heap, and add timer event long now = time(NULL); for(int i = 0; i < 100; i++, checkPos++) // doesn't check listen fd { if(checkPos == MAX_EVENTS) checkPos = 0; // recycle if(g_Events[checkPos].status != 1) continue; long duration = now - g_Events[checkPos].last_active; if(duration >= 60) // 60s timeout { close(g_Events[checkPos].fd); printf("[fd=%d] timeout[%d--%d]./n", g_Events[checkPos].fd, g_Events[checkPos].last_active, now); EventDel(g_epollFd, &g_Events[checkPos]); } } // wait for events to happen int fds = epoll_wait(g_epollFd, events, MAX_EVENTS, 1000); if(fds < 0){ printf("epoll_wait error, exit/n"); break; } for(int i = 0; i < fds; i++){ myevent_s *ev = (struct myevent_s*)events[i].data.ptr; if((events[i].events&EPOLLIN)&&(ev->events&EPOLLIN)) // read event { ev->call_back(ev->fd, events[i].events, ev->arg); } if((events[i].events&EPOLLOUT)&&(ev->events&EPOLLOUT)) // write event { ev->call_back(ev->fd, events[i].events, ev->arg); } } } // free resource return 0; }