[Cocoa]深入浅出Cocoa之 Method Swizzling
罗朝辉(http://blog.csdn.net/kesalin)
CC许可,转载请注明出处
在前文深入浅出Cocoa之消息中,我简要介绍了ObjC 中消息的基本情况,包括SEL查找,缓存以及消息转发等。在本文中,我要介绍一个很有趣的技术,Method swizzling,通过这个手法,我们可以动态修改方法的实现,从而达到修改类行为的目的。当然,还有其他办法(如 ClassPosing,Category)也可以达到这个目的。ClassPosing 是针对类级别的,是重量级的手法,Category 也差不多,比较重量级,此外 Category 还无法避免下面的递归死循环(如果你的代码出现了如下形式的递归调用,应该考虑一下你的设计,而不是使用在这里介绍的 Method Swizzling 手法,:))。
// Bar // @implementation Bar - (void) testMethod { NSLog(@" >> Bar testMethod"); } @end // Bar(BarCategory) // @implementation Bar(BarCategory) - (void) altRecursionMethod { NSLog(@" >> Bar(BarCategory) recursionMethod"); [self altRecursionMethod]; } @end
void PerformSwizzle(Class aClass, SEL orig_sel, SEL alt_sel, BOOL forInstance) { // First, make sure the class isn't nil if (aClass != nil) { Method orig_method = nil, alt_method = nil; // Next, look for the methods if (forInstance) { orig_method = class_getInstanceMethod(aClass, orig_sel); alt_method = class_getInstanceMethod(aClass, alt_sel); } else { orig_method = class_getClassMethod(aClass, orig_sel); alt_method = class_getClassMethod(aClass, alt_sel); } // If both are found, swizzle them if ((orig_method != nil) && (alt_method != nil)) { IMP temp; temp = orig_method->method_imp; orig_method->method_imp = alt_method->method_imp; alt_method->method_imp = temp; } else { #if DEBUG NSLog(@"PerformSwizzle Error: Original %@, Alternate %@",(orig_method == nil)?@" not found":@" found",(alt_method == nil)?@" not found":@" found"); #endif } } else { #if DEBUG NSLog(@"PerformSwizzle Error: Class not found"); #endif } } void MethodSwizzle(Class aClass, SEL orig_sel, SEL alt_sel) { PerformSwizzle(aClass, orig_sel, alt_sel, YES); } void ClassMethodSwizzle(Class aClass, SEL orig_sel, SEL alt_sel) { PerformSwizzle(aClass, orig_sel, alt_sel, NO); }
上面的代码是可以工作的,但还不够完善。Apple 10.5 提供了交换 Method 实现的 API: method_exchangeImplementations
。下面我们使用这个新 API,并以 NSObject category的形式给出新的实现方式:
#if TARGET_OS_IPHONE #import <objc/runtime.h> #import <objc/message.h> #else #import <objc/objc-class.h> #endif // NSObject (MethodSwizzlingCategory) // @interface NSObject (MethodSwizzlingCategory) + (BOOL)swizzleMethod:(SEL)origSel withMethod:(SEL)altSel; + (BOOL)swizzleClassMethod:(SEL)origSel withClassMethod:(SEL)altSel; @end @implementation NSObject (MethodSwizzlingCategory) + (BOOL)swizzleMethod:(SEL)origSel withMethod:(SEL)altSel { Method origMethod = class_getInstanceMethod(self, origSel); if (!origSel) { NSLog(@"original method %@ not found for class %@", NSStringFromSelector(origSel), [self class]); return NO; } Method altMethod = class_getInstanceMethod(self, altSel); if (!altMethod) { NSLog(@"original method %@ not found for class %@", NSStringFromSelector(altSel), [self class]); return NO; } class_addMethod(self, origSel, class_getMethodImplementation(self, origSel), method_getTypeEncoding(origMethod)); class_addMethod(self, altSel, class_getMethodImplementation(self, altSel), method_getTypeEncoding(altMethod)); method_exchangeImplementations(class_getInstanceMethod(self, origSel), class_getInstanceMethod(self, altSel)); return YES; } + (BOOL)swizzleClassMethod:(SEL)origSel withClassMethod:(SEL)altSel { Class c = object_getClass((id)self); return [c swizzleMethod:origSel withMethod:altSel]; } @end
// // Foo.h // MethodSwizzling // // Created by LuoZhaohui on 1/5/12. // Copyright (c) 2012 http://blog.csdn.net/kesalin/. All rights reserved. // #import <Foundation/Foundation.h> // Foo // @interface Foo : NSObject - (void) testMethod; - (void) baseMethod; - (void) recursionMethod; @end // Bar // @interface Bar : Foo - (void) testMethod; @end // Bar(BarCategory) // @interface Bar(BarCategory) - (void) altTestMethod; - (void) altBaseMethod; - (void) altRecursionMethod; @end
// // Foo.m // MethodSwizzling // // Created by LuoZhaohui on 1/5/12. // Copyright (c) 2012 http://blog.csdn.net/kesalin/. All rights reserved. // #import "Foo.h" // Foo // @implementation Foo - (void) testMethod { NSLog(@" >> Foo testMethod"); } - (void) baseMethod { NSLog(@" >> Foo baseMethod"); } - (void) recursionMethod { NSLog(@" >> Foo recursionMethod"); } @end // Bar // @implementation Bar - (void) testMethod { NSLog(@" >> Bar testMethod"); } @end // Bar(BarCategory) // @implementation Bar(BarCategory) - (void) altTestMethod { NSLog(@" >> Bar(BarCategory) altTestMethod"); } - (void) altBaseMethod { NSLog(@" >> Bar(BarCategory) altBaseMethod"); } - (void) altRecursionMethod { NSLog(@" >> Bar(BarCategory) recursionMethod"); [self altRecursionMethod]; } @end
下面是具体的使用示例:
int main (int argc, const char * argv[]) { @autoreleasepool { Foo * foo = [[[Foo alloc] init] autorelease]; Bar * bar = [[[Bar alloc] init] autorelease]; NSLog(@"========= Method Swizzling test 1 ========="); NSLog(@" Step 1"); [foo testMethod]; [bar testMethod]; [bar altTestMethod]; NSLog(@" Step 2"); [Bar swizzleMethod:@selector(testMethod) withMethod:@selector(altTestMethod)]; [foo testMethod]; [bar testMethod]; [bar altTestMethod]; NSLog(@"========= Method Swizzling test 2 ========="); NSLog(@" Step 1"); [foo baseMethod]; [bar baseMethod]; [bar altBaseMethod]; NSLog(@" Step 2"); [Bar swizzleMethod:@selector(baseMethod) withMethod:@selector(altBaseMethod)]; [foo baseMethod]; [bar baseMethod]; [bar altBaseMethod]; NSLog(@"========= Method Swizzling test 3 ========="); [Bar swizzleMethod:@selector(recursionMethod) withMethod:@selector(altRecursionMethod)]; [bar recursionMethod]; } return 0; }
输出结果为:注意,test 3 中调用了递归调用“自己”的方法,你能理解为什么没有出现死循环么?
========= Method Swizzling test 1 =========
Step 1
>> Foo testMethod
>> Bar testMethod
>> Bar(BarCategory) altTestMethod
Step 2
>> Foo testMethod
>> Bar(BarCategory) altTestMethod
>> Bar testMethod
========= Method Swizzling test 2 =========
Step 1
>> Foo baseMethod
>> Foo baseMethod
>> Bar(BarCategory) altBaseMethod
Step 2
>> Foo baseMethod
>> Bar(BarCategory) altBaseMethod
>> Foo baseMethod
========= Method Swizzling test 3 =========
>> Bar(BarCategory) recursionMethod
>> Foo recursionMethod
test3 解释:在函数体 {} 之间的部分是真正的 IMP,而在这之前的是 SEL。通常情况下,SEL 是与 IMP 匹配的,但在 swizzling 之后,情况就不同了。下图就是调用的时序图。
rentzsch 写了一个完善的开源类 jrswizzle 来处理 Method Swizzling,如果你在工程中使用到 Method Swizzling手法,应该优先使用这个类库,:)。
Refference:
MethodSwizzling:http://www.cocoadev.com/index.pl?ExtendingClasses
jrswizzle:https://github.com/rentzsch/jrswizzle