页面中添加事件、阻止事件传播、事件删除

一、添加事件

方法一:直接将事件脚本内嵌XHTMl中(弹出‘clicked’)

<input type="button" onclick="alert('clicked');" value="click me"/>

 方法二:将事件脚本独立于函数(弹出‘clicked’)

<input type="button" onclick="clickEvent();" value="click me" />
<script type="text/javascript">
    function clickEvent() {
        alert("clicked");
    }
</script>

方法三:行为结构完全分离(弹出‘clicked again’,仅会执行最后那个绑定的事件),此方法一个元素的同一事件只允许一个处理器,仅会执行一次。

<input type="button" id="Example" value="click me" />
<script type="text/javascript">
    var btn = document.getElementById("Example");
    btn.onclick = function () {
        alert("clicked");
    };
    btn.onclick = function () {
        alert("clicked again");
    };
</script>

方法四:监听事件(IE6,IE7,IE8,依次弹出‘clicked again’、‘clicked’,其他浏览器,依次弹出‘clicked’、‘clicked again’),原因是W3C标准的addEventListener方法执行事件的顺序是按照事件注册的顺序执行的。而IE的attachEvent方法则相反,后注册的事件先觖发,先注册的事件后触发。

<input type="button" id="Example" value="click me" />
<script type="text/javascript">
    function addEvent(eventTarget, eventType, evrntHandler) {
        if (eventTarget.addEventListener) {
            eventTarget.addEventListener(eventType, evrntHandler, false);
        }
        else if (eventTarget.attachEvent) {
            eventType = "on" + eventType;
            eventTarget.attachEvent(eventType, evrntHandler)
        }
        else { eventTarget["on" + eventType] = evrntHandler; }
    }
    var btn = document.getElementById("Example");
    addEvent(btn, "click", function () {
        alert("clicked");
    });
    addEvent(btn, "click", function () {
        alert("clicked again");
    });
</script>

 综上,在添加事件中,方法四是最佳选择。

二、阻止事件冒泡

事件在嵌套函数中会传播,在以下代码中,点击inner,依次弹出‘inner’、‘middle’、‘out’,点击middle,依次弹出‘middle’、‘out’,点击out,弹出‘out。addEventListener(event,function,capture/bubble)函数的第三个参数: true表示在捕获阶段,false表示在冒泡阶段。为了兼容IE的事件处理,所以设置为false,如果第三个参数设置为true,在标准浏览器中,点击inner,依次弹出‘out’、‘middle’、‘inner’。

<script type="text/javascript">
    function addEvent(eventTarget, eventType, evrntHandler) {
        if (eventTarget.addEventListener) {
            eventTarget.addEventListener(eventType, evrntHandler, false);
        }
        else if (eventTarget.attachEvent) {
            eventType = "on" + eventType;
            eventTarget.attachEvent(eventType, evrntHandler)
        }
        else { eventTarget["on" + eventType] = evrntHandler; }
    }
    addEvent(window, "load", function () {
        var out = document.getElementById("out");
        var middle = document.getElementById("middle");
        var inner = document.getElementById("inner");
        addEvent(out, "click", function () { alert("out") })
        addEvent(middle, "click", function () { alert("middle") })
        addEvent(inner, "click", function () { alert("inner") })
    });
</script>
<div style="padding:20px;background:red" id="out">
    <div style="padding:20px;background:green" id="middle">
        <div style="padding:20px;background:white" id="inner">
        </div>
    </div>
</div>

如何阻止事件传播?以下代码可以解决,点击inner,弹出‘inner’,点击middle,弹出‘middle’,点击out,弹出‘out’

<script type="text/javascript">
    function addEvent(eventTarget, eventType, evrntHandler) {
        if (eventTarget.addEventListener) {
            eventTarget.addEventListener(eventType, evrntHandler, false);
        }
        else if (eventTarget.attachEvent) {
            eventType = "on" + eventType;
            eventTarget.attachEvent(eventType, evrntHandler)
        }
        else { eventTarget["on" + eventType] = evrntHandler; }
    }
    function cancelPropagation(event) {
        event = window.event || event;
        if (document.all) {
            event.cancelBubble = true;
        } else {
            event.stopPropagation();
        }
    }
    addEvent(window, "load", function () {
        var out = document.getElementById("out");
        var middle = document.getElementById("middle");
        var inner = document.getElementById("inner");
        addEvent(out, "click", function () { alert("out") })
        addEvent(middle, "click", function (evt) {
            alert("middle");
            cancelPropagation(evt);
        });
        addEvent(inner,"click",function(evt){
            alert("inner");
            cancelPropagation(evt);
        });
    });
</script>
<div style="padding:20px;background:red" id="out">
    <div style="padding:20px;background:green" id="middle">
        <div style="padding:20px;background:white" id="inner">
        </div>
    </div>
</div>

 如果想解除相应的绑定事件,我们可以用以下代码解决。

<script type="text/javascript">
    function addEvent(eventTarget, eventType, evrntHandler) {
        if (eventTarget.addEventListener) {
            eventTarget.addEventListener(eventType, evrntHandler, false);
        }
        else if (eventTarget.attachEvent) {
            eventType = "on" + eventType;
            eventTarget.attachEvent(eventType, evrntHandler)
        }
        else { eventTarget["on" + eventType] = evrntHandler; }
    }
    function removeEvent(eventTarget, eventType, evrntHandler) {
        if (eventTarget.removeEventListener) {
            eventTarget.removeEventListener(eventType, evrntHandler, false); 
        }
        else if (eventTarget.detachEvent) {
            eventType = "on" + eventType;
            eventTarget.detachEvent(eventType, evrntHandler) 
        }
        else { eventTarget["on" + eventType] = null; } 
    }
    addEvent(window, "load", function () {
        var ok = document.getElementById("ok");
        var switchBtn = document.getElementById("switchBtn");
        var flag = true;
        addEvent(switchBtn, "click", function () {
            if (flag) {
                addEvent(ok, "click", show);
                switchBtn.value = "removeEvent";
                flag = false;
            }
            else {
                removeEvent(ok, "click", show);
                switchBtn.value = "addEvent";
                flag = true; 
            }
        });
    });
    function show() {
        alert("I am here");
    }
</script>
<input type="button" value="addEvent" id="switchBtn" /><input type="button" value="Try to click me^_^" id="ok" />

 

三、其他区别

1、 DOM标准的addEventListener方法执行事件的顺序是按照事件注册的顺序执行的。而attachEvent方法则相反–后注册的事件先觖发,先注册的事件后触发;
2、 DOM标准的浏览器文本节点也会冒泡,而IE内核的浏览器文本节点不会冒泡;
3、 DOM标准的浏览器事件对象与IE内核的浏览器事件不同。

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