nginx配置SSL实现服务器/客户端双向认证

http://blog.csdn.net/kunoy/article/details/8239653

    本人不才，配置了两天，终于搞出来了，结合网上诸多博文，特此总结一下！

配置环境：

      Ubuntu 11.04

     PCRE 8.31

     Openssl 2.0.2

     Nginx 1.2.5

    为了确保能在 nginx中使用正则表达式进行更灵活的配置，安装之前需要确定系统是否安装有 PCRE（Perl Compatible Regular Expressions）包。可以到ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/ 下载最新的 PCRE 源码包，使用下面命令下载编译和安装 PCRE 包：

 # wget ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-8.31.tar.bz2
 # tar jxvf pcre-8.31.tar.bz2
 # cd pcre-8.31
 # ./configure –enable-utf8
 # make
 # make install

        openssl为开源软件，在Linux（或UNIX/Cygwin）下创建一个简单的CA。我们可以利用这个CA进行PKI、数字证书相关的测试。比如，在测试用Tomcat或Apache构建HTTPS双向认证时，我们可以利用自己建立的测试CA来为服务器端颁发服务器数字证书，为客户端（浏览器）生成文件形式的数字证书（可以同时利用openssl生成客户端私钥），安装方法和上面类似。

       下面重点说说nginx的安装方法：

        下载最新稳定版本1.2.5，使用命令：

 # tar zxvf nginx-1.2.5.tar.gz
 # cd nginx-1.2.5
 # ./configure
 --prefix=/usr
 --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx
 --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
 --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log
 --pid-path=/var/run/nginx/nginx.pid
 --lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock
 --user=www-nginx
 --group=www
 --with-http_ssl_module
 --with-http_stub_status_module
 --with-http_flv_module
 --with-http_gzip_static_module
 --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log
 --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/client/
 --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/proxy/
 --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/fcgi/
 # 简单安装 ./configure --prefix=/opt/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module
 # make
 # make install

      注意：在使用"--prefix"等配置项时，前面是两横"--"，而不是"-"，这里有些博文根本没注意到，害得我晕了半天。    

      --with-http_stub_status_module 是为了启用 nginx 的 NginxStatus 功能，用来监控 nginx 的当前状态。
      --with-http_ssl_module 启用http_ssl模块
      --with-ipv6 支持ipv6

       安装成功后 /opt/nginx 目录下有四个子目录分别是：conf、html、logs、sbin 。其中 nginx 的配置文件存放于 conf/nginx.conf，nginx 只有一个程序文件位于 sbin 目录下。确保系统的 80 端口没被其他程序占用，运行 sbin/./nginx 命令来启动 Nginx，打开浏览器访问此机器的 IP，如果浏览器出现 Welcome to nginx! 则表示 nginx 已经安装并运行成功。

       注：此处采用sbin/./nginx命令启动是因为我这里如果用网上说的sbin/nginx启动的话，根本启动不了，而且会出现安装nginx的提示，很怪！

使用openssl制作证书：

    1、服务器单向验证

    创建并进入sslkey存放目录

       # mkdir /opt/nginx/sslkey

       # cd /opt/nginx/sslkey

    ①、生成RSA密钥：

       # openssl genrsa -out key.pem 2048

    ②、生成一个证书请求

       # openssl req -new -key key.pem -out cert.csr

       # //会提示输入省份、城市、域名信息等，重要的是，email 一定要是你的域名后缀的你可以拿着这个文件去数字证书颁发机构（即CA）申请一个数字证书。CA会给你一个新的文件cacert.pem，那才是你的数字证书。

    如果是自己做测试，就可以用下面这个命令来生成证书：

       # openssl req -new -x509 -nodes -out server.crt -keyout server.key

    ③、修改 nginx 配置

 # HTTPS server
 #
 server {
 listen 443;
 server_name localhost;

 ssl on;
 ssl_certificate /opt/nginx/sslkey/server.crt;
 ssl_certificate_key /opt/nginx/sslkey/server.key;

 ssl_session_timeout 5m;

 ssl_protocols SSLv2 SSLv3 TLSv1;
 ssl_ciphers ALL:!ADH:!EXPORT56:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP;
 ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;

 location / {
         root /home/workspace/;
         index index.asp index.aspx;
     }
 }

   配置好后，重启nginx，采用 https打开网站，浏览器会提示证书错误，点击继续浏览即可。

   2、服务器-客户端双向验证

   在nginx 目录下建立ca文件夹，进入ca。

        # mkdir newcerts private conf server。

   其中newcerts子目录将存放CA签署（颁发）过的数字证书（证书备份目录）。而private目录用于存放CA的私钥。目录conf只是用于存放一些简化参数

用的配置文件，server存放服务器证书文件。

   ①、在conf目录创建文件openssl.conf配置文件，内容如下：

 [ ca ]
 default_ca      = foo                   # The default ca section

 [ foo ]
 dir            = /opt/nginx/ca         # top dir
 database       = /opt/nginx/ca/index.txt          # index file.
 new_certs_dir  = /opt/nginx/ca/newcerts           # new certs dir

 certificate    = /opt/nginx/ca/private/ca.crt         # The CA cert
 serial         = /opt/nginx/ca/serial             # serial no file
 private_key    = /opt/nginx/ca/private/ca.key  # CA private key
 RANDFILE       =/opt/nginx/ca/private/.rand      # random number file

 default_days   = 365                     # how long to certify for
 default_crl_days= 30                     # how long before next CRL
 default_md     = md5                     # message digest method to use
 unique_subject = no                      # Set to 'no' to allow creation of
                                          # several ctificates with same subject.
 policy         = policy_any              # default policy

 [ policy_any ]
 countryName = match
 stateOrProvinceName = match
 organizationName = match
 organizationalUnitName = match
 localityName            = optional
 commonName              = supplied
 emailAddress            = optional

        注：你也可以直接修改openssl的配置文件，这样的话后面制作证书的代码中就不用引用这个配置文件了。

   ②、使用脚本创建证书

   下面的几个脚本都放在/nginx/ca/目录下。

   创建一个新的CA根证书。

new_ca.sh:

 #!/bin/sh
 # Generate the key.
 openssl genrsa -out private/ca.key
 # Generate a certificate request.
 openssl req -new -key private/ca.key -out private/ca.csr
 # Self signing key is bad... this could work with a third party signed key... registeryfly has them on for $16 but I'm too cheap lazy to get one on a lark.
 # I'm also not 100% sure if any old certificate will work or if you have to buy a special one that you can sign with. I could investigate further but since this
 # service will never see the light of an unencrypted Internet see the cheap and lazy remark.
 # So self sign our root key.
 openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in private/ca.csr -signkey private/ca.key -out private/ca.crt
 # Setup the first serial number for our keys... can be any 4 digit hex string... not sure if there are broader bounds but everything I've seen uses 4 digits.
 echo FACE > serial
 # Create the CA's key database.
 touch index.txt
 # Create a Certificate Revocation list for removing 'user certificates.'
 openssl ca -gencrl -out /opt/nginx/ca/private/ca.crl -crldays 7 -config "/opt/nginx/ca/conf/openssl.conf"

    执行 sh new_ca.sh生成新的CA证书。

    生成服务器证书的脚本。

new_server.sh:

 # Create us a key. Don't bother putting a password on it since you will need it to start apache. If you have a better work around I'd love to hear it.
 openssl genrsa -out server/server.key
 # Take our key and create a Certificate Signing Request for it.
 openssl req -new -key server/server.key -out server/server.csr
 # Sign this bastard key with our bastard CA key.
 openssl ca -in server/server.csr -cert private/ca.crt -keyfile private/ca.key -out server/server.crt -config "/opt/nginx/ca/conf/openssl.conf"

    执行 sh new_server.sh生成新服务器的证书

    配置 nginx的ssl支持：

 #user  www-nginx;
 worker_processes  1;

 #error_log  logs/error.log;
 #error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
 #error_log  logs/error.log  info;

 #pid        logs/nginx.pid;


 events {
     worker_connections  1024;
 }
 http {
     include       mime.types;
     default_type  application/octet-stream;
     sendfile        on;
     keepalive_timeout  65;
     #gzip  on;

     # HTTPS server
     #
     server {
         listen       443;
         server_name  localhost;
         ssi on;
         ssi_silent_errors on;
         ssi_types text/shtml;

         ssl                  on;
         ssl_certificate      /opt/nginx/ca/server/server.crt;
         ssl_certificate_key  /opt/nginx/ca/server/server.key;
         ssl_client_certificate /opt/nginx/ca/private/ca.crt;

         ssl_session_timeout  5m;
         ssl_verify_client on;  #开户客户端证书验证

         ssl_protocols  SSLv2 SSLv3 TLSv1;
         ssl_ciphers ALL:!ADH:!EXPORT56:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP;
         ssl_prefer_server_ciphers   on;

         location / {
         root /home/workspace/;
         index index.asp index.aspx;
     }
     }
 }

    启动nginx ,等待客户连接，如果此时连接服务器，将提示400 Bad request certification的错误，故还需要生成客户端证书。

new_user.sh:

 #!/bin/sh
 # The base of where our SSL stuff lives.
 base="/opt/nginx/ca"
 # Were we would like to store keys... in this case we take the username given to us and store everything there.
 mkdir -p $base/users/

 # Let's create us a key for this user... yeah not sure why people want to use DES3 but at least let's make us a nice big key.
 openssl genrsa -des3 -out $base/users/client.key 1024
 # Create a Certificate Signing Request for said key.
 openssl req -new -key $base/users/client.key -out $base/users/client.csr
 # Sign the key with our CA's key and cert and create the user's certificate out of it.
 openssl ca -in $base/users/client.csr -cert $base/private/ca.crt -keyfile $base/private/ca.key -out $base/users/client.crt -config "/opt/nginx/ca/conf/openssl.conf"

 # This is the tricky bit... convert the certificate into a form that most browsers will understand PKCS12 to be specific.
 # The export password is the password used for the browser to extract the bits it needs and insert the key into the user's keychain.
 # Take the same precaution with the export password that would take with any other password based authentication scheme.
 openssl pkcs12 -export -clcerts -in $base/users/client.crt -inkey $base/users/client.key -out $base/users/client.p12

   执行 shnew_user.sh生成一个 client证书。
       按照提示一步一步来，这里要注意的是客户证书的几个项目要和根证书匹配。
       也就是前面配置的:
             countryName = match
             stateOrProvinceName = match
             organizationName = match
             organizationalUnitName = match

        不一致的话无法生成最后的客户证书，证书生成后，客户端导入证书浏览器，即可打开网站。

注意事项：

    1、制作证书时会提示输入密码，服务器证书和客户端证书密码可以不相同。

    2、服务器证书和客户端证书制作时提示输入省份、城市、域名信息等，需保持一致。

    3、Nginx默认未开启SSI，上面配置已开启。

    4、Nginx不能自启动，需要如下配置：

 cd /etc/init.d
 sudo touch nginx
 sudo chmod +x nginx

nginx内容：

 #! /bin/sh
 #
 ### BEGIN INIT INFO
 # Provides:          nginx
 # Required-Start:    $syslog $local_fs $remote_fs
 # Required-Stop:     $syslog $local_fs $remote_fs
 # Should-Start:      dbus avahi
 # Should-Stop:       dbus avahi
 # Default-Start:     2 3 4 5
 # Default-Stop:      1
 # Short-Description: Nginx Server
 # Description:       Nginx
 ### END INIT INFO

 PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/opt/nginx/sbin
 DAEMON=/opt/nginx/sbin/nginx
 NAME=nginx
 DESC="Nginx Server"
 PID_FILE=/opt/nginx/logs/nginx.pid

 test -x $DAEMON || exit 0

 RUN=yes
 #RUN_AS_USER=root

 #DAEMON_OPTS="-a $RUN_AS_USER"

 set -e

 case "$1" in
   start)
     echo -n "Starting $DESC: "
     start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile $PID_FILE \
         --exec $DAEMON
     echo "$NAME."
     ;;
   stop)
     echo -n "Stopping $DESC: "
     start-stop-daemon --stop --oknodo --quiet --pidfile $PID_FILE \
         --exec $DAEMON
     echo "$NAME."
     ;;
   force-reload)
     # check whether $DAEMON is running. If so, restart
     start-stop-daemon --stop --test --quiet --pidfile \
         $PID_FILE --exec $DAEMON \
     && $0 restart \
     || exit 0
     ;;
   restart)
     echo -n "Restarting $DESC: "
     start-stop-daemon --stop --oknodo --quiet --pidfile \
         $PID_FILE --exec $DAEMON
     sleep 1
     start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile \
         $PID_FILE --exec $DAEMON
     echo "$NAME."
     ;;
   status)
     if [ -s $PID_FILE ]; then
             RUNNING=$(cat $PID_FILE)
             if [ -d /proc/$RUNNING ]; then
                 if [ $(readlink /proc/$RUNNING/exe) = $DAEMON ]; then
                     echo "$NAME is running."
                     exit 0
                 fi
             fi

             # No such PID, or executables don't match
             echo "$NAME is not running, but pidfile existed."
             rm $PID_FILE
             exit 1
         else
             rm -f $PID_FILE
             echo "$NAME not running."
             exit 1
         fi
     ;;
   *)
     N=/etc/init.d/$NAME
     echo "Usage: $N {start|stop|restart|force-reload}" >&2
     exit 1
     ;;
 esac

 exit 0

设置自启动：

 sudo chkconfig --list nginx
 sudo chkconfig nginx on

 

作者： kunoy

出处： http://blog.csdn.net/kunoy

申明：作者写博是为了总结经验，和交流学习之用。
如需转载，请尽量保留此申明，并在文章页面明显位置给出原文连接。谢谢！