System Server 分析

SystemServer Android JAVA 层的系统服务模块,这个模块主要功能就是管理供 Android 应用开发的 system service.


1.SystemServer 类是如何启动的

 

    让我们从 Android 的启动过程看起,查看 init.rc 文件,就会发现下面这一行

service zygote /system/bin/app_process -Xzygote /system/bin --zygote –start-system-server

我们知道 zygote 进程是整个 Android 的孵化器进程,所有的 Activity 进程均是通过它来生成的。我们发现在 zygote 进程启动过程中指定了这么一个参数“– start-system-server” ,这个参数就是在 zygote 进程启动的同时启动 SystemServer

     那么 SystemServer 是以什么样的形式启动的呢?是单独的一个进程还是线程,分析一下 zygote 进程的启动过程就明白了。在 Android zygote 进程启动其实就是启动 /system/bin/app_process 这个进程,这个进程的源代码在 frameworks/base/cmds/app_process/app_main.cpp 中。



 if (0 == strcmp("--zygote", arg)) { bool startSystemServer = (i < argc) ? strcmp(argv[i], "--start-system-server") == 0 : false; setArgv0(argv0, "zygote"); set_process_name("zygote"); runtime.start("com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit", startSystemServer); } else { set_process_name(argv0); runtime.mClassName = arg; // Remainder of args get passed to startup class main() runtime.mArgC = argc-i; runtime.mArgV = argv+i; LOGV("App process is starting with pid=%d, class=%s./n", getpid(), runtime.getClassName()); runtime.start(); }


     由于 zygote 进程启动过程有“ --zygote” 这个参数,所以走的是下面这步


         runtime.start("com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit",startSystemServer);


     查看对象 runtime 的类型的定义,

          class AppRuntime : public AndroidRuntime


     因此查看 AndroidRuntime start 方法中的一段代码 (frameworks/base/core/jni/AndroidRuntime.cpp)


 startClass = env->FindClass(slashClassName); if (startClass == NULL) { LOGE("JavaVM unable to locate class '%s'/n", slashClassName); /* keep going */ } else { startMeth = env->GetStaticMethodID(startClass, "main", "([Ljava/lang/String;)V"); if (startMeth == NULL) { LOGE("JavaVM unable to find main() in '%s'/n", className); /* keep going */ } else { env->CallStaticVoidMethod(startClass, startMeth, strArray); #if 0 if (env->ExceptionCheck()) threadExitUncaughtException(env); #endif } }


    其中 startClass 即为 "com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit" ,这段代码调用了 com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit main 函数。


    那么再往下看 ZygoteInit 类的 main 函数,其中的一段 MethodAndArgsCaller 代码为



if (argv[1].equals("true")) { startSystemServer(); } else if (!argv[1].equals("false")) { throw new RuntimeException(argv[0] + USAGE_STRING); }

 

调用了 startSystemServer () ,这个函数启动了一个子进程来作为 SystemServer 的载体,

1. 它首先指定 SystemServer 进程的参数 ;

2. 根据指定的参数来创建 SystemServer 进程;

3. 调用 handleSystemServerProcess 启动第一步指定进程参数过程中指定的类,此时为“ com.android.server.SystemServer ,启动的这个进程在 ps 查看后显示为” system_server



 private static boolean startSystemServer() throws MethodAndArgsCaller, RuntimeException { /* Hardcoded command line to start the system server */ String args[]; String ashmem_size = System.getProperty("gralloc.ashmem_size"); if ((null != ashmem_size) && (0 != ashmem_size.length())) { args = new String[] { "--setuid=1000", "--setgid=1000", "--setgroups=1001,1002,1003,1004,1005,1006,1007,1008,1009,1010,3001,3002,3003", "--capabilities=130104352,130104352", "--rlimit=8,", "--runtime-init", "--nice-name=system_server", "com.android.server.SystemServer", }; args[4] = args[4].concat(ashmem_size); args[4] = args[4].concat(","); args[4] = args[4].concat(ashmem_size); } else { args = new String[] { "--setuid=1000", "--setgid=1000", "--setgroups=1001,1002,1003,1004,1005,1006,1007,1008,1009,1010,3001,3002,3003", "--capabilities=130104352,130104352", "--runtime-init", "--nice-name=system_server", "com.android.server.SystemServer", }; } ZygoteConnection.Arguments parsedArgs = null; int pid; try { parsedArgs = new ZygoteConnection.Arguments(args); /* * Enable debugging of the system process if *either* the command line flags * indicate it should be debuggable or the ro.debuggable system property * is set to "1" */ int debugFlags = parsedArgs.debugFlags; if ("1".equals(SystemProperties.get("ro.debuggable"))) debugFlags |= Zygote.DEBUG_ENABLE_DEBUGGER; int[][] rlimits = new int[0][0]; if (parsedArgs.rlimits != null) { rlimits = parsedArgs.rlimits.toArray(rlimits); } /* Request to fork the system server process */ pid = Zygote.forkSystemServer( parsedArgs.uid, parsedArgs.gid, parsedArgs.gids, debugFlags, rlimits, parsedArgs.permittedCapabilities, parsedArgs.effectiveCapabilities); } catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) { throw new RuntimeException(ex); } /* For child process */ if (pid == 0) { handleSystemServerProcess(parsedArgs); } return true; }


 

     通过以上过程就会调用到 SystemServer 类,且是运行在一个名为“ system_server” 的进程中,这个进程为 zygote 的子进程。

     虽然 SystemServer 类是运行在 system_server 中的,但是它并不运行在 system_server 的主线程中。

     上代码

 private static void handleSystemServerProcess( ZygoteConnection.Arguments parsedArgs) throws ZygoteInit.MethodAndArgsCaller { closeServerSocket(); /* * Pass the remaining arguments to SystemServer. * "--nice-name=system_server com.android.server.SystemServer" */ RuntimeInit.zygoteInit(parsedArgs.remainingArgs);ZygoteInit /* should never reach here */ } public static final void zygo用teInit(String[] argv) throws ZygoteInit.MethodAndArgsCaller { // TODO: Doing this here works, but it seems kind of arbitrary. Find // a better place. The goal is to set it up for applications, but not // tools like am. System.setOut(new AndroidPrintStream(Log.INFO, "System.out")); System.setErr(new AndroidPrintStream(Log.WARN, "System.err")); commonInit(); zygoteInitNative(); int curArg = 0; for ( /* curArg */ ; curArg < argv.length; curArg++) { String arg = argv[curArg]; if (arg.equals("--")) { curArg++; break; } else if (!arg.startsWith("--")) { break; } else if (arg.startsWith("--nice-name=")) { String niceName = arg.substring(arg.indexOf('=') + 1); Process.setArgV0(niceName); } } if (curArg == argv.length) { Slog.e(TAG, "Missing classname argument to RuntimeInit!"); // let the process exit return; } // Remaining arguments are passed to the start class's static main String startClass = argv[curArg++]; String[] startArgs = new String[argv.length - curArg]; System.arraycopy(argv, curArg, startArgs, 0, startArgs.length); invokeStaticMain(startClass, startArgs); } private static void invokeStaticMain(String className, String[] argv) throws ZygoteInit.MethodAndArgsCaller { 用 // We want to be fairly aggressive about heap utilization, to avoid // holding on to a lot of memory that isn't needed. VMRuntime.getRuntime().setTargetHeapUtilization(0.75f); Class<?> cl; try { cl = Class.forName(className); } catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) { throw new RuntimeException( "Missing class when invoking static main " + className, ex); } Method m; try { m = cl.getMethod("main", new Class[] { String[].class }); } catch (NoSuchMethodException ex) { throw new RuntimeException( "Missing static main on " + className, ex); } catch (SecurityException ex) { throw new RuntimeException( "Problem getting static main on " + className, ex); } int modifiers = m.getModifiers();用 if (! (Modifier.isStatic(modif用iers) && Modifier.isPublic(modifiers))) { throw new RuntimeException( "Main method is not用 public and static on " + className); } /* * This throw gets caught in ZygoteInit.main(), which responds * by invoking the exception's run() method. This arrangement * clears up all the stack frames that were required in setting * up the process. */ throw new ZygoteInit.MethodAndArgsCaller(m, argv); }


 

由代码可以看出,在调用函数 invokeStaticMain 的最后会抛出一个异常。

    public static class MethodAndArgsCaller extends Exception implements Runnable

回过头再看一下 ZygoteInit 类的 main 函数中的一段代码

 

} catch (MethodAndArgsCaller caller) { caller.run(); }

其实就是在这个抛出的异常中启动了 SystemServer 类,且这个异常为一个 Runnable 类型,因此 SystemServer 类就运行在 system_server 进程中的一个新的线程里。


2.SystemServer 执行内容


 

1. 执行 frameworks/base/cmds/system_server/library/system_init.cpp 中的 system_init 函数,启动当前进程,也就是进程 system_server 的 pool thread ,以便执行 Binder IPC 操作。

2. 向 SM(Service Manager) 添加系统服务。

 

 

 

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