走进windows编程的世界-----消息处理函数（3）
二 定时器消息
1 定时器消息 WM_TIMER
按照定时器设置时间段,自动向窗口发送一个定时器消息WM_TIMER. 优先级比较低.
定时器精度比较低,毫秒级别.消息产生时间也精度比较低.
2 消息和函数
2.1 WM_TIMER - 消息ID
wParam: 定时器的ID
lParam: 定时器的处理函数
2.2 SetTimer - 设置一个定时器
UINT SetTimer( HWND hWnd, //窗口的句柄,可以为NULL UINT nIDEvent,//定时器的ID,0为不预设ID UINT uElapse,//定时器时间间隔,毫秒级别 TIMERPROC lpTimerFunc );//定时器的处理函数,可以为NULL
返回一个创建好的定时器ID
2.3 KillTimer - 结束一个定时器
BOOL KillTimer( HWND hWnd,//窗口句柄 UINT uIDEvent );//定时器ID
2.4 TimerProc - 定时器处理函数
VOID CALLBACK TimerProc( HWND hwnd, //窗口句柄 UINT uMsg, //WM_TIMER消息ID UINT idEvent,//定时器ID DWORD dwTime );//当前系统时间
3 使用方式
3.1 创建定时器 SetTimer
3.1.1 指定窗口句柄HWND,那么 TIMERPROC 参数可以为空,那么WM_TIMER消息将会发送给指定窗口. 如果未指定, TIMERPROC不能空, 必须指定定时器处理程序.
3.1.2 如果指定定时器ID,SetTimer会按照这个ID创建定时器, 如果未指定,会返回一个创建定时器ID.
nTimerID = SetTimer( NULL, 0, 7 * 1000,TimerProc1 );
3.2 处理消息
可以根据消息传入定时器ID号,分别处理.
3.3 结束定时器
在不使用时, KillTimer结束定时器
/* File : winpaint.cpp * Auth : sjin * Date : 20140706 * Mail : [email protected] */ #include <Windows.h> #include <stdio.h> HINSTANCE g_hInst = NULL; HANDLE g_hStdOut = NULL; UINT g_nTimerID1 = 0; /*定时器处理函数*/ void CALLBACK TimerProc1( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg, UINT idEvent, DWORD dwTime ) { CHAR szText[] = "TimerProc1: Hello Timer\n"; WriteConsole( g_hStdOut, szText, strlen(szText), NULL, NULL ); } void OnCreate( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam ) { /* UINT SetTimer( HWND hWnd, //窗口的句柄,可以为NULL UINT nIDEvent,//定时器的ID,0为不预设ID UINT uElapse,//定时器时间间隔,毫秒级别 TIMERPROC lpTimerFunc );//定时器的处理函数,可以为NULL return : 创建好的定时器的ID号 */ //使用窗口处理函数，创建2个定时器 SetTimer( hWnd, 1000, 3 * 1000, NULL ); SetTimer( hWnd, 1001, 5 * 1000, NULL ); //使用窗口处理函数, 未指明定时器ID g_nTimerID1 = SetTimer( hWnd, 0, 2* 1000, NULL ); //使用TimerProc处理函数创建定时器 //SetTimer( hWnd, 1002, 7 * 1000, TimerProc1 ); SetTimer( hWnd, 1002, 7 * 1000, NULL ); } void OnTimer( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam ) { switch( wParam ) { case 1000: { CHAR szText[] = "1000: Hello Timer\n"; WriteConsole( g_hStdOut, szText, strlen(szText), NULL, NULL ); } break; case 1001: { CHAR szText[] = "1001: Hello Timer\n"; WriteConsole( g_hStdOut, szText, strlen(szText), NULL, NULL ); } break; case 1002:/*1002 设置相应的处理函数，不会在这里调用*/ { CHAR szText[] = "1002: Hello Timer\n"; WriteConsole( g_hStdOut, szText, strlen(szText), NULL, NULL ); } break; default: { CHAR szText[260] = {0}; sprintf( szText, "%d: Hello Timer\n", g_nTimerID1 ); WriteConsole( g_hStdOut, szText, strlen(szText), NULL, NULL ); } break; } } LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam ) { switch( nMsg ) { case WM_CREATE: OnCreate( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam ); break; case WM_TIMER:/*处理定时器事件，没有设置定时器回调函数的*/ OnTimer( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam ); break; case WM_DESTROY: /*销毁定时器 BOOL KillTimer( HWND hWnd,//窗口句柄 UINT uIDEvent );//定时器ID */ KillTimer( hWnd, 1000 ); KillTimer( hWnd, 1001 ); KillTimer( hWnd, 1002 ); KillTimer( hWnd, g_nTimerID1 ); PostQuitMessage( 0 ); return 0; } return DefWindowProc( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam ); } BOOL RegisterWnd( LPSTR pszClassName ) { WNDCLASSEX wce = { 0 }; wce.cbSize = sizeof( wce ); wce.cbClsExtra = 0; wce.cbWndExtra = 0; wce.hbrBackground = HBRUSH(COLOR_WINDOW); wce.hCursor = NULL; wce.hIcon = NULL; wce.hIconSm = NULL; wce.hInstance = g_hInst; wce.lpfnWndProc = WndProc; wce.lpszClassName = pszClassName; wce.lpszMenuName = NULL; wce.style = CS_VREDRAW|CS_HREDRAW; ATOM nAtom = RegisterClassEx( &wce ); if( 0 == nAtom ) { return FALSE; } return TRUE; } HWND CreateWnd( LPSTR pszClassName ) { HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx( 0, pszClassName, "MyWnd", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, NULL, NULL, g_hInst, 0 ); return hWnd; } void DisplayWnd( HWND hWnd ) { ShowWindow( hWnd, SW_SHOW ); UpdateWindow( hWnd ); } void Message( ) { MSG msg = {0}; while ( GetMessage( &msg, NULL, 0, 0 ) ) { TranslateMessage( &msg ); DispatchMessage( &msg ); } } void NewConsole() { /*产生控制台*/ AllocConsole(); /*获得控制台标准输出流句柄*/ g_hStdOut = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE); CHAR szText[] = "Debug Message......:\n"; /*将szText 写到控制台*/ WriteConsole(g_hStdOut, szText, strlen(szText), NULL, NULL); } int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow) { NewConsole( ); g_hInst = hInstance; RegisterWnd( "MYWND" ); HWND hWnd = CreateWnd( "MYWND" ); DisplayWnd( hWnd ); Message( ); return 0; }
二 菜单
1 菜单基础
菜单 - 每个菜单会有一个HMENU句柄
菜单项 - 每个菜单项会有一个ID号,可以根据这个ID执行不同的操作
2 菜单的使用
2.1 菜单创建
2.1.1 CreateMenu - MENU 菜单
2.1.2 CreatePopupMenu - POPUPMENU 弹出式菜单
2.1.3 AppenedMenu - 增加菜单项
BOOL AppendMenu( HMENU hMenu, //菜单句柄 UINT uFlags, //菜单项标示 UINT uIDNewItem, //菜单项的ID或者子菜单句柄 LPCTSTR lpNewItem ); //菜单项的名称
uFlags:
MF_STRING - lpNewItem是一个字符串
MF_POPUP - uIDNewItem是一个子菜单句柄
MF_SEPARATOR - 增加分隔项
MF_CHECKED/MF_UNCHECKED - 设置和取消菜单项的对勾
MF_DISABLED/MF_ENABLE - 菜单项禁止和允许状态
2.2 菜单的命令响应
2.2.1 WM_COMMAND消息
当用户点击菜单、按钮控件等时，系统会向窗口发送WM_COAMMD消息。
WPARAM：HIWORD - 通知消息标识
LOWORD - 菜单项的ID号
LPARAM：控件的句柄
2.2.2 命令处理
根据菜单项的ID号作相应处理。
2.3 菜单项的状态
2.3.1 WM_INITMENUPOPUP消息
当用户点击菜单，显示弹出菜单之前，系统会向窗口发送WM_INITMENUPOPUP消息。
WPARAM：是菜单句柄
LPARAM：LOWORD - 菜单位置
HIWORD - 是否是系统菜单
2.3.2 命令处理
根据WPARAM的菜单句柄，使用MenuAPI函数，修改菜单状态。
CheckMenuItem - 选择
EnableMenuItem - 允许和禁止
SetMenuItemInfo - 可以设置更多信息
/* File : winMenu.cpp * Auth : sjin * Date : 20140706 * Mail : [email protected] */ #include <Windows.h> #include <stdio.h> HINSTANCE g_hInst = NULL; HANDLE g_hStdOut = NULL; BOOL g_bCheckCut = FALSE; void OnCreate( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam ) { //创建主菜单 HMENU hMainMenu = CreateMenu( ); //创建子菜单 HMENU hFileMenu = CreatePopupMenu( ); //增加菜单项 （&N） 增加快捷键ALT+N） AppendMenu( hFileMenu, MF_STRING|MF_CHECKED, 1001, "新建(&N)"); /*增加分割线的标示*/ AppendMenu( hFileMenu, MF_SEPARATOR, 0, NULL ); AppendMenu( hFileMenu, MF_STRING, 1002, "退出(&X)"); AppendMenu( hMainMenu, MF_STRING|MF_POPUP, (UINT)hFileMenu, "文件(&F)"); HMENU hEditMenu = CreatePopupMenu( ); AppendMenu( hEditMenu, MF_STRING, 1003, "剪切(&T)" ); /*增加分割线的标示*/ AppendMenu( hEditMenu, MF_SEPARATOR, 0, NULL ); AppendMenu( hEditMenu, MF_STRING, 1004, "拷贝(&C)" ); /*增加分割线的标示*/ AppendMenu( hEditMenu, MF_SEPARATOR, 0, NULL ); AppendMenu( hEditMenu, MF_STRING, 1005, "粘贴(&P)" ); AppendMenu( hMainMenu, MF_STRING|MF_POPUP, (UINT)hEditMenu, "编辑(&E)"); HMENU hHelpMenu = CreatePopupMenu( ); AppendMenu( hHelpMenu, MF_STRING, 1006, "帮助(&H)" ); /*增加分割线的标示*/ AppendMenu( hHelpMenu, MF_SEPARATOR, 0, NULL ); AppendMenu( hHelpMenu, MF_STRING, 1007, "关于(&A)" ); AppendMenu( hMainMenu, MF_STRING|MF_POPUP, (UINT)hHelpMenu, "帮助(&H)"); //给窗口设置主菜单 SetMenu( hWnd, hMainMenu ); } void OnCommand( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam ) { /*wParam: HIWORD: 通知消息的标示 * LOWORD：菜单项的ID * lParam: 控件的句柄 * 对菜单来说这个为NULL * 对其他控件（按钮等）为句柄 */ UINT nID = LOWORD( wParam ); CHAR szText[260] = {0}; sprintf( szText, "OnCommand: %d\n", nID ); WriteConsole( g_hStdOut, szText, strlen(szText), NULL, NULL ); /*菜单项的处理*/ switch( nID ) { case 1002:/*退出*/ PostQuitMessage( 0 ); break; case 1003: g_bCheckCut = !g_bCheckCut; break; } } void OnInitMenuPopup( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam ) { CHAR szText[260] = { 0 }; sprintf( szText, "OnInitMenuPopup: WPARAM=%08X, LPARAM=%08X\n", wParam, lParam ); WriteConsole( g_hStdOut, szText, strlen(szText), NULL, NULL ); HMENU hMenu = (HMENU)wParam; if( TRUE == g_bCheckCut ) { /*CheckMenuItem是一个API函数，功能是复选或撤消复选指定的菜单条目*/ CheckMenuItem( hMenu, 1003, MF_CHECKED|MF_BYCOMMAND ); } else { CheckMenuItem( hMenu, 1003, MF_UNCHECKED|MF_BYCOMMAND ); } } LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam ) { switch( nMsg ) { case WM_CREATE: OnCreate( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam ); break; /*用户点击菜单、按钮控件等时，系统会想窗口发送WM_COAMMD消息*/ case WM_COMMAND: OnCommand( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam ); break; /*用户点击菜单，显示弹出菜单之前，系统会向窗口发送WM_INITMENUPOPUP消息 *用于更新菜单项的状态 */ case WM_INITMENUPOPUP: OnInitMenuPopup( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam ); break; case WM_DESTROY: PostQuitMessage( 0 ); return 0; } return DefWindowProc( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam ); } BOOL RegisterWnd( LPSTR pszClassName ) { WNDCLASSEX wce = { 0 }; wce.cbSize = sizeof( wce ); wce.cbClsExtra = 0; wce.cbWndExtra = 0; wce.hbrBackground = HBRUSH(COLOR_WINDOW); wce.hCursor = NULL; wce.hIcon = NULL; wce.hIconSm = NULL; wce.hInstance = g_hInst; wce.lpfnWndProc = WndProc; wce.lpszClassName = pszClassName; wce.lpszMenuName = NULL; wce.style = CS_VREDRAW|CS_HREDRAW; ATOM nAtom = RegisterClassEx( &wce ); if( 0 == nAtom ) { return FALSE; } return TRUE; } HWND CreateWnd( LPSTR pszClassName ) { HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx( 0, pszClassName, "MyWnd", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, NULL, NULL, g_hInst, 0 ); return hWnd; } void DisplayWnd( HWND hWnd ) { ShowWindow( hWnd, SW_SHOW ); UpdateWindow( hWnd ); } void Message( ) { MSG msg = {0}; while ( GetMessage( &msg, NULL, 0, 0 ) ) { TranslateMessage( &msg ); DispatchMessage( &msg ); } } void NewConsole( ) { AllocConsole( ); g_hStdOut = GetStdHandle( STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE ); } int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow) { NewConsole( ); g_hInst = hInstance; RegisterWnd( "MYWND_MENU" ); HWND hWnd = CreateWnd( "MYWND_MENU" ); DisplayWnd( hWnd ); Message( ); return 0; }
三 系统菜单
1 执行系统提供的窗口命令，例如最大化、关闭等命令。本质上和普通菜单一样，所以我们也可以在程序中使用这个菜单
2 系统菜单的使用
2.1 获取系统菜单
GetSystemMenu
HMENU GetSystemMenu( HWND hWnd, //要获取的窗口句柄 BOOL bRevert //获取时重置标示 );
bRevert: TRUE 重置 FLASE 不重置
当Revert为TRUE时，会将菜单重新置成默认的状态，并返回菜单句柄。如果为FALSE，菜单项不重置，获取到当前系统菜单的状态。
2.2 修改系统菜单，例如增加、删除
2.2.1 AppednMenu
2.2.2 InsertMenu
比AppednMenu增加了一个插入菜单项的位置或ID。
2.2.3 删除菜单项
BOOL RemoveMenu( // HMENU hMenu, //菜单句柄 UINT uPosition,//菜单项的位置或ID UINT uFlags );//菜单项的位置或ID的标示。
uFlags为MF_BYCOMMAND， uPosition为菜单ID
uFlags为MF_BYPOSITION，uPosition为菜单位置
2.3 系统菜单的命令响应
系统菜单的命令响应，是在WM_SYSCOMMAND中。
WPARAM - LOWORD(wParam)为增加的菜单的ID
int nID = LOWORD( wParam ); switch( nID ) { case 1001: //... break; }
/* File : winMenu.cpp * Auth : sjin * Date : 20140706 * Mail : [email protected] */ #include <Windows.h> #include <stdio.h> HINSTANCE g_hInst = NULL; HANDLE g_hStdOut = NULL; void OnCreate( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam ) { /* 获取系统菜单 * HMENU GetSystemMenu( * HWND hWnd, //要获取的窗口句柄 * BOOL bRevert //获取时重置标示 * ); * bRevert : TRUE时，菜单会重置为默认状态 * FALSE: 菜单不重置获得当前系统的菜单状态 */ HMENU hSysMenu = GetSystemMenu( hWnd, FALSE ); /*删除菜单项 * BOOL RemoveMenu( // * HMENU hMenu, //菜单句柄 * UINT uPosition,//菜单项的位置或ID * UINT uFlags );//菜单项的位置或ID的标示 * uFlags为MF_BYCOMMAND， uPosition为菜单ID * uFlags为MF_BYPOSITION，uPosition为菜单位置 */ RemoveMenu( hSysMenu, 0, MF_BYPOSITION ); RemoveMenu( hSysMenu, 0, MF_BYPOSITION ); RemoveMenu( hSysMenu, 0, MF_BYPOSITION ); RemoveMenu( hSysMenu, 0, MF_BYPOSITION ); RemoveMenu( hSysMenu, 0, MF_BYPOSITION ); // 增加菜单项 InsertMenu( hSysMenu, 0, MF_BYPOSITION|MF_STRING, 1001, "测试1" ); InsertMenu( hSysMenu, 1, MF_BYPOSITION|MF_STRING, 1002, "测试2" ); } void OnSysCommand( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam ) { CHAR szText[260] = { 0 }; sprintf( szText, "OnSysCommand: WPARAM=%08X,LPARAM=%08X\n", wParam, lParam ); WriteConsole( g_hStdOut, szText, strlen(szText), NULL, NULL ); int nID = LOWORD( wParam ); switch( nID ) { case 1001: MessageBox( NULL, "Hello 1001", "SysMenu", MB_CANCELTRYCONTINUE ); break; case 1002: MessageBox( NULL, "Hello 1002", "SysMenu", MB_OK ); break; default: break; } } LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam ) { switch( nMsg ) { case WM_CREATE: OnCreate( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam ); break; case WM_SYSCOMMAND:/*系统菜单命令响应*/ OnSysCommand( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam ); break; case WM_DESTROY: PostQuitMessage( 0 ); return 0; } return DefWindowProc( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam ); } BOOL RegisterWnd( LPSTR pszClassName ) { WNDCLASSEX wce = { 0 }; wce.cbSize = sizeof( wce ); wce.cbClsExtra = 0; wce.cbWndExtra = 0; wce.hbrBackground = HBRUSH(COLOR_WINDOW); wce.hCursor = NULL; wce.hIcon = NULL; wce.hIconSm = NULL; wce.hInstance = g_hInst; wce.lpfnWndProc = WndProc; wce.lpszClassName = pszClassName; wce.lpszMenuName = NULL; wce.style = CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW; ATOM nAtom = RegisterClassEx( &wce ); if( 0 == nAtom ) { return FALSE; } return TRUE; } HWND CreateWnd( LPSTR pszClassName ) { HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx( 0, pszClassName, "MyWnd", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, NULL, NULL, g_hInst, NULL ); return hWnd; } void DisplayWnd( HWND hWnd ) { ShowWindow( hWnd, SW_SHOW ); UpdateWindow( hWnd ); } void Message( ) { MSG msg = { 0 }; while( GetMessage( &msg, NULL, 0, 0 ) ) { TranslateMessage( &msg ); DispatchMessage( &msg ); } } void NewConsole( ) { AllocConsole( ); g_hStdOut = GetStdHandle( STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE ); } int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow) { NewConsole( ); g_hInst = hInstance; RegisterWnd( "MYWND" ); HWND hWnd = CreateWnd( "MYWND" ); DisplayWnd( hWnd ); Message( ); return 0; }