个人感觉java的界面开发也算是其优势之一！只要用心，就能做出美轮美奂的界面！下面简单介绍下
java中的简单界面开发是如何实现的！
java提供了Swing开发工具包。它以抽象窗口工具包（AWT）为基础使跨平台应用程序可以使用任何可插
拔的外观风格。Swing开发人员只用很少的代码就可以利用Swing丰富、灵活的功能和模块化组件来创建优雅
的用户界面。
java的图形界面类
1.awt(包名：java.awt) 是在jdk1.4之前推出的图形界面类
2.swing(包名：javax.swing)[轻量级组件]
jdk1.4的时候推出的图形界面类
所有的图形界面类的第一个字母是大写J开头的。
awt严格意义上跨平台性能很差。swing是基于java的组件，所以完全具有跨平台特性。
虽然大家都是说awt好，但是感觉一旦需要跨平台时，swing的优势就体现出来了，这也是java的立足之本！
2.常用的组件类（javax.swing）
容器组件
JFrmae 窗体容器
JPanel 面板容器
常用的元素组件有
JLabel 标签
JTextField 文本输入框
JPasswordField 密码输入框
JComboBox 下拉框
JCheckBox 复选框
JButton 按钮
3.常用的布局类（java.awt）
BorderLayout 边框布局
FlowLayout 流式布局
GridLayout 网格布局
布局方面我们还可以按照一定的需要将界面设置为空布局，只是在设置为空布局之后，需要使用setBounds方法将所有添加的容器组件设定坐标！
如果要做一个简单的界面，我们首先要先定义一个类，在类中定义定义主函数和初始化界面的initGUI()方法。
在主函数中实例化类的对象，然后调用initGUI方法。在initGUI()方法中我们可以按需要添加自己想要添加的容器组件！现附上自己写的代码如下，这是我坐的简单的飞机订票系统的界面，在代码中我使用的就是空布局的方法，并且运用了卡牌布局！
package hangban;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.CardLayout;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JMenu;
import javax.swing.JMenuBar;
import javax.swing.JMenuItem;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.event.TableModelListener;
import javax.swing.table.TableModel;
import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Font;
import java.awt.List;
import java.util.ArrayList;
public class Flight extends JFrame {
public static void main(String [] args){
Flight dl = new Flight();
dl.initGUI();
}
public void initGUI() {
//JFrame jf2;
// 主界面控件定义 开始
this.setTitle("飞机订票系统");
this.setSize(600, 500);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
this.setLocation(400, 200);
JMenuBar jm = new JMenuBar();// 实例化菜单栏的对象
JMenu jm1 = new JMenu("主界面");// 实例化菜单项的对象
jm.add(jm1);// 添加到菜单栏中
JMenu jm2 = new JMenu("航班信息");// 实例化菜单项的对象
jm.add(jm2);// 添加到菜单栏中
JMenu jm3 = new JMenu("路线查询");// 实例化菜单项的对象
jm.add(jm3);// 添加到菜单栏中
JMenu jm4 = new JMenu("票务管理");// 实例化菜单项的对象
jm.add(jm4);// 添加到菜单栏中
JMenuItem jm11 = new JMenuItem("主界面");
jm1.add(jm11);
// 实例化菜单子项的对象
JMenuItem jm21 = new JMenuItem("航班信息录入");
JMenuItem jm22 = new JMenuItem("航班信息浏览");
JMenuItem jm23 = new JMenuItem("航班信息修改");
// 将对象添加到菜单项中
jm2.add(jm21);
jm2.add(jm22);
jm2.add(jm23);
JMenuItem jm31 = new JMenuItem("按班次查询");
JMenuItem jm32 = new JMenuItem("按终点站查询");
jm3.add(jm31);
jm3.add(jm32);
JMenuItem jm41 = new JMenuItem("售票");
JMenuItem jm42 = new JMenuItem("退票");
jm4.add(jm41);
jm4.add(jm42);
this.setJMenuBar(jm);
final CardLayout card = new CardLayout();
final JPanel jp = new JPanel();//主要的面板，该面板是被设定成卡片布局的面板。
jp.setLayout(card);
JPanel j1 = new JPanel();
JPanel j2 = new JPanel();
JPanel j3 = new JPanel();
JPanel j4 = new JPanel();
JPanel j5 = new JPanel();
JPanel j6 = new JPanel();
JPanel j7 = new JPanel();
JPanel j8 = new JPanel();
JPanel j9 = new JPanel();//提供能够翻转的9个面板
JLabel jl12 = new JLabel("欢迎使用飞机订票系统");
j1.add(jl12);
jl12.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.BOLD, 50));
ImageIcon bk = new ImageIcon("3.jpg");
JLabel jl11 = new JLabel(bk);
j1.add(jl11);
ImageIcon bk1 = new ImageIcon("1.jpg");
JLabel jl21 = new JLabel(bk1);
j2.add(jl21);
ImageIcon bk2 = new ImageIcon("2.jpg");
JLabel jl22 = new JLabel(bk2);
//j3.add(jl22);
ImageIcon bk3 = new ImageIcon("4.jpg");
JLabel jl23 = new JLabel(bk3);
j4.add(jl23);
ImageIcon bk4 = new ImageIcon("5.jpg");
JLabel jl31 = new JLabel(bk4);
j5.add(jl31);
ImageIcon bk5 = new ImageIcon("6.jpg");
JLabel jl32 = new JLabel(bk5);
j6.add(jl32);
ImageIcon bk6 = new ImageIcon("7.jpg");
JLabel jl41 = new JLabel(bk6);
j7.add(jl41);
ImageIcon bk7 = new ImageIcon("8.jpg");
JLabel jl42 = new JLabel(bk7);
j8.add(jl42);//添加9个可翻转的卡片，并添加背景图片
jp.add(j1,"11");
jp.add(j2,"21");
jp.add(j3,"22");
jp.add(j4,"23");
jp.add(j5,"31");
jp.add(j6,"32");
jp.add(j7,"41");
jp.add(j8,"42");
jp.add(j9,"5");//给9个卡片面板添加到主面板，并起名字
this.add(jp);
//菜单项，主界面事件监听
jm11.addActionListener(new ActionListener(){
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
card.show(jp,"11");
}});
//菜单项，航班信息录入事件监听器
jm21.addActionListener(new ActionListener(){
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
JFrame jf = new JFrame();
jf.setTitle("航班浏览");
jf.setSize(700,300);
jf.setLocation(200,200);
jf.setDefaultCloseOperation(2);
jf.setResizable(false);//禁止更改窗口大小
//设置航班信息录入的界面
JButton jb1 = new JButton("录入信息");
jb1.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.BOLD, 20));
JButton jb2 = new JButton("保存信息");
jb2.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.BOLD, 20));
JPanel jp24 = new JPanel();
jf.add(jp24,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
jp24.add(jb1,BorderLayout.WEST);
jp24.add(jb2,BorderLayout.EAST);
//运用JTabel，设置表格，
String[] columnNames={"班次","起飞时间","起点站","终点站","飞行时间","额定载量","已售票人数"};
final Object[][] rowData={{"1","8:00","天津","广汉","2","145","120"},
{"2","6:30","天津","成都","0.5","140","140"},
{"3","7:00","天津","成都","0.5","140","120"},
{"4","10:00","天津","成都","0.5","140","120"},};
JTable jt=new JTable(rowData,columnNames);
JScrollPane sp=new JScrollPane(jt);
jt.setRowHeight(35);
jf.add(sp);
card.show(jp,"21");
//具体航班信息的录入窗口
jb1.addActionListener(new ActionListener(){
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){
JFrame jf1 = new JFrame();
jf1.setTitle("航班信息录入");
jf1.setLayout(null);
jf1.setSize(700,200);
jf1.setLocation(200,300);
jf1.setDefaultCloseOperation(2);
jf1.setResizable(false);//禁止更改窗口大小
JLabel jl211 = new JLabel("班次");
jl211.setBounds(0,0,80,50);
JLabel jl212 = new JLabel("起飞时间");
jl212.setBounds(100,0,80,50);
JLabel jl213 = new JLabel("起点站");
jl213.setBounds(200,0,80,50);
JLabel jl214 = new JLabel("终点站");
jl214.setBounds(300,0,80,50);
JLabel jl215 = new JLabel("起飞时间");
jl215.setBounds(400,0,80,50);
JLabel jl216 = new JLabel("额定载量");
jl216.setBounds(500,0,80,50);
JLabel jl217 = new JLabel("已售票人数");
jl217.setBounds(600,0,80,50);
final JTextField jt211 = new JTextField(10);
jt211.setBounds(0,50,80,50);
final JTextField jt212 = new JTextField(10);
jt212.setBounds(100,50,80,50);
final JTextField jt213 = new JTextField(10);
jt213.setBounds(200,50,80,50);
final JTextField jt214 = new JTextField(10);
jt214.setBounds(300,50,80,50);
final JTextField jt215 = new JTextField(10);
jt215.setBounds(400,50,80,50);
final JTextField jt216 = new JTextField(10);
jt216.setBounds(500,50,80,50);
final JTextField jt217 = new JTextField(10);
jt217.setBounds(600,50,80,50);
jf1.add(jt211);
jf1.add(jt212);
jf1.add(jt213);
jf1.add(jt214);
jf1.add(jt215);
jf1.add(jt216);
jf1.add(jt217);
jf1.add(jl211);
jf1.add(jl212);
jf1.add(jl213);
jf1.add(jl214);
jf1.add(jl215);
jf1.add(jl216);
jf1.add(jl217);
JButton jb2 = new JButton("确定录入");
jb2.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.BOLD,12));
jb2.setBounds(300,120,100,40);
jf1.add(jb2);
JButton jb3 = new JButton("添加航班");
jb3.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.BOLD,12));
jb3.setBounds(200,120,100,40);
jf1.add(jb3);
jb3.addActionListener(new actionL(jt211,jt212,jt213,jt214,jt215,jt216,jt217){
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
String str1 = jt211.getText();
String str2 = jt211.getText();
String str3 = jt211.getText();
String str4 = jt211.getText();
String str5 = jt211.getText();
String str6 = jt211.getText();
String str7 = jt211.getText();
Object[][] rowData = new Object[][]{{"1","8:00","天津","广汉","2","145","120"},
{"2","6:30","天津","成都","0.5","140","140"},
{"3","7:00","天津","成都","0.5","140","120"},
{"4","10:00","天津","成都","0.5","140","120"},
{str1,str2,str3,str4,str5,str6,str7}
};}
});
actionL al = new actionL(jf1);
jb2.addActionListener(al);
jf1.setVisible(true);
}});
jf.setVisible(true);
}});
jm22.addActionListener(new ActionListener(){
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
/*JTable tab=new JTable();//创建一个表格对象
List list = getList();//得到要显示的用户列表对象
User us = new User(list);//创建我们实现的TableModel对象。
tab.setModel(us);//将模型设给表格
j3.add(tab);
ArrayList nlist = new ArrayList();*/
String[] columnNames={"班次","起飞时间","起点站","终点站","飞行时间","额定载量","已售票人数"};
Object[][] rowData={{"1","8:00","天津","广汉","2","145","120"},
{"2","6:30","天津","成都","0.5","140","140"},
{"3","7:00","天津","成都","0.5","140","120"},
{"4","10:00","天津","成都","0.5","140","120"},};
JTable jt=new JTable(rowData,columnNames);
JScrollPane sp=new JScrollPane(jt);
jt.setRowHeight(35);
jp.add(sp,"00");
card.show(jp,"22");
}
private List getList() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return null;
}});
jm23.addActionListener(new ActionListener(){
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){
card.show(jp,"23");
}});
jm31.addActionListener(new ActionListener(){
public void actionPerformed(final ActionEvent e){
card.show(jp,"5");
}});
jm32.addActionListener(new ActionListener(){
public void actionPerformed(final ActionEvent e){
card.show(jp,"32");
}});
jm41.addActionListener(new ActionListener(){
public void actionPerformed(final ActionEvent e){
card.show(jp,"41");
}});
jm42.addActionListener(new ActionListener(){
public void actionPerformed(final ActionEvent e){
card.show(jp,"42");
}});
//录入班次信息
jm21.addActionListener(new ActionListener(){
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){
}});
this.setVisible(true);
}
}
class actionL implements ActionListener{
JTextField jt;
JFrame _jf;
public actionL(JFrame jf){
this._jf = jf;
}
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
_jf.dispose();
}
public actionL(JTextField jt11,JTextField jt12,JTextField jt13,JTextField jt14,JTextField jt15,JTextField jt16,JTextField jt17){
this.jt = jt11;
this.jt = jt12;
this.jt = jt13;
this.jt = jt14;
this.jt = jt15;
this.jt = jt16;
this.jt = jt17;
}
public void actionPerformed1(ActionEvent e) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
}
这是本学期期末做的学期末课程设计，因时间不够充裕，遂把用界面化实现所有功能的想法放弃了，目前只能显示界面！稍有不完善！ 其中添加了监听器，并且运用了卡牌布局以及空布局方式，虽然结果是失败了，但是那几天我学会了很多东西，并且那种刻苦钻研之后的来的知识已经深深的映在我的脑海中了，换个角度想想，也许我也可以算是成功了！