android自动化测试中hierarchyviewer和uiautomatorviewer获取控件信息的方式比对(1)

        android自动化新人一个,目前研究PC端获取android设备的控件信息有哪些方式。多多指教!

        android的目录tools下有2个自带的工具hierarchyviewer和uiautomatorviewer,打开后,如下所示:

 

 

android自动化测试中hierarchyviewer和uiautomatorviewer获取控件信息的方式比对(1)_第1张图片

 

       

        分别来介绍它们怎么使用的:

 

   UiAutoMatorViewer

 

android自动化测试中hierarchyviewer和uiautomatorviewer获取控件信息的方式比对(1)_第2张图片

      

 点击左上角的手机图样的小图标,出现弹出框,此时正在获取信息:

 

android自动化测试中hierarchyviewer和uiautomatorviewer获取控件信息的方式比对(1)_第3张图片

      

         完成获取后得到了当前的手机界面:

 

android自动化测试中hierarchyviewer和uiautomatorviewer获取控件信息的方式比对(1)_第4张图片

        

        然后你可以点击主面板中的图片,右面的属性面板会显示你所点击的区域的控件属性。(需要注意到是,你的手机设备或模拟器的api要在16以上,也就是android版本得是4.1以上,因为这个工具是google在4.以后推出来的,只适用于4.1以后的版本)。

 

android自动化测试中hierarchyviewer和uiautomatorviewer获取控件信息的方式比对(1)_第5张图片

      

        到这一步,我了解了如何使用这个工具,但是并不是我要研究的东西。我要知道他是如何和手机设备通信,然后获取控件信息的,所以我反编译了uiautomatorviewer.jar,以便从源码了解它的原理。

        在tools/lib下找到uiautomatorviewer.jar。反编译后项目结构如下所示:

 

android自动化测试中hierarchyviewer和uiautomatorviewer获取控件信息的方式比对(1)_第6张图片

       

        首先查看UiAutomatorViewer.class,打开后明显看出这是一个java.swt的主界面类,那我们只需要找到工具栏中的按钮的定义。我们就能追踪到点击它是怎么得到设备控件信息的。

 

android自动化测试中hierarchyviewer和uiautomatorviewer获取控件信息的方式比对(1)_第7张图片

      

        找到这个按钮的定义后,我们按ctrl键 点击鼠标跟踪进去,发现该类中有一个进度条对话框,这正是我们先前点击按钮出现的对话框,这里面肯定定义信息获取的方式。

android自动化测试中hierarchyviewer和uiautomatorviewer获取控件信息的方式比对(1)_第8张图片

       

        查看上面的代码分析得到,UiAutoMatorHelper的子类UiAutoMatorResult和对象result,它得到了UiAutomatorHelper方法和takeSnapShot返回的结果,那么我就去这个方法一探究竟。进入UiAutomatorHelper中,找到takeSnapshot方法。

 

public static UiAutomatorResult takeSnapshot(IDevice device, IProgressMonitor monitor) throws com.android.uiautomator.UiAutomatorHelper.UiAutomatorException
  {
    UiAutomatorModel model;
    String msg;
    RawImage rawImage;
    if (monitor == null) {
      monitor = new NullProgressMonitor();
    }

    monitor.subTask("Checking if device support UI Automator");
    if (!(supportsUiAutomator(device))) {
      String msg = "UI Automator requires a device with API Level 16";

      throw new com.android.uiautomator.UiAutomatorHelper.UiAutomatorException(msg, null);
    }

    monitor.subTask("Creating temporary files for uiautomator results.");
    File tmpDir = null;
    File xmlDumpFile = null;
    File screenshotFile = null;
    try {
      tmpDir = File.createTempFile("uiautomatorviewer_", "");
      tmpDir.delete();
      if (!(tmpDir.mkdirs()))
        throw new IOException("Failed to mkdir");
      xmlDumpFile = File.createTempFile("dump_", ".uix", tmpDir);
      screenshotFile = File.createTempFile("screenshot_", ".png", tmpDir);
    } catch (Exception e) {
      msg = "Error while creating temporary file to save snapshot: " + e.getMessage();

      throw new com.android.uiautomator.UiAutomatorHelper.UiAutomatorException(msg, e);
    }

    tmpDir.deleteOnExit();
    xmlDumpFile.deleteOnExit();
    screenshotFile.deleteOnExit();

    monitor.subTask("Obtaining UI hierarchy");
    try {
      <span style="color:#ff0000;">getUiHierarchyFile(device, xmlDumpFile, monitor);
</span>    } catch (Exception e) {
      msg = "Error while obtaining UI hierarchy XML file: " + e.getMessage();
      throw new com.android.uiautomator.UiAutomatorHelper.UiAutomatorException(msg, e);
    }


        刚开始的时候没明白为什么有好多定义文件的代码,然后就没管,往下看的时候发现了一个getUiHierarchyFile方法,既然在这个方法里没找到获取控件信息的方式,那么我就试着去getUiherarchyFile方法中看看(其实我之前研究hierarchyviewer的时候,这个工具也用过这个getHierarchy方法,只不过叫parseHierarchy,它就是获取控件树的,所以我心中一喜,有戏) 。让我们进入getUiHerarchyFile中看看,看能否发现我们真正需要的。

 

private static void getUiHierarchyFile(IDevice device, File dst, IProgressMonitor monitor) {
    if (monitor == null) {
      monitor = new NullProgressMonitor();
    }

    monitor.subTask("Deleting old UI XML snapshot ...");
    String command = "rm /data/local/tmp/uidump.xml";
    try
    {
      commandCompleteLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
      device.executeShellCommand(command, new CollectingOutputReceiver(commandCompleteLatch));

      commandCompleteLatch.await(5L, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    }
    catch (Exception e1)
    {
    }
    monitor.subTask("Taking UI XML snapshot...");
    command = String.format("%s %s %s", new Object[] { "/system/bin/uiautomator", "dump", "/data/local/tmp/uidump.xml" });

    CountDownLatch commandCompleteLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
    try
    {
      device.executeShellCommand(command, new CollectingOutputReceiver(commandCompleteLatch), 40000);

      commandCompleteLatch.await(40L, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

      monitor.subTask("Pull UI XML snapshot from device...");
      device.getSyncService().pullFile("/data/local/tmp/uidump.xml", dst.getAbsolutePath(), SyncService.getNullProgressMonitor());
    }
    catch (Exception e) {
      throw new RuntimeException(e);
    }
  }
</pre><pre code_snippet_id="250249" snippet_file_name="blog_20140322_3_2829642" class="html" name="code">

       

        我原本以为这里面也应该有个socke啥的,跟手机端通信获取数据的。进来这里面没发现socket,但是仔细一分析,原来UiAutomatorviewer并不是通过socket来获取信息的。它是发送dump命令,让存放在手机设备中/system/bin/uiautomator下的脚本执行,获得一个uidump.xml的文件,然后将这个文件抓到本地。本地读取xml文件就可以了。这才恍然大悟为什么之前takeSnapshot方法中有定义文件的操作,原来它是通过获取xml文件存放在本地临时文件里,太鬼了。

        那剩下的就是读取xml文件喽。到这,我的uiautomatorviewer的了解就结束了,还算有点收获。下面接着hierarchyviewer的使用。

 

   HierarchyViewer

 

        说到hierarchyviewer都是眼泪,花了3个礼拜研究,由于自己的死心眼,非要通过它实现自动化,非要用java写。然后一直研究到它可以遍历settings的所有界面;然后才发现被坑了,代码太长了;if/else写了一大堆,又是dumpsys命令获取window信息和activity信息,又是图片比对确定点击跳转的图片,然后满心欢喜的拿给经理看,经理直接给否决了---效率太低;hierarchyviewer获取数据确实慢,但是总算有的基础版本的嘛;其实我发现经理心里算盘打着好着呢,她只是让我们一步一步的了解,她知道哪种方式最适合,就是还不告诉我们,就让我们自己研究,而我呢,刚来又着急展示一下,根基没打稳就像往大的方向走,都开始实现开啦;然后被经理给拽回来, 开始研究哪些实现获取控件的方式,以及优缺点,这才有了上面的uiautomator的研究;哎,不着急,一步一步来吧。

        说到hierarchyviewer,研究起来真的是小孩学步啊。经理只丢了一个命题:多语自动化测试,你们研究吧。我ca类,我还傻不垃圾的问了一句:什么是多语。旁边的测试人员给我回答了,多国语言测试。汗!好吧,我低端。。。。。。开始吧。

        首先选择是手机端直接测试,还是连上PC端测试?然后发现了monkey,再到monkeyrunner,然后在monkeyrunner里有touch方法点击,然后却不知道一个按钮的坐标怎么确定,在一个犄角旮旯的地方发现有人说通过hierarchyviewer可以获取坐标。然后就开始一个坐标一个坐标的找啊,编写脚本啊。总算实现了一点:唤醒--解锁--点--点--点;然后开讨论会的时候,让经理否决了,说是这么多控件,要一个一个找,得多长时间啊。要做到连上手机,不管哪个画面,它自己获得,然后点击。确实高端大气上档次!but你倒是告诉我从那块搞起啊。哎,在百般纠结于无奈中,柳暗花明啦,hierarchyviewer上的东西不就是人家从客户端获取的么。得到这个讯息后,我找到了一个知平软件写的,然后根据他的研究,一步一步了解了hierarchyviewer,在此感谢这个前辈,放出连接,新手同学可以研究下。

        第一篇:http://www.cnblogs.com/vowei/archive/2012/07/30/2614353.html

        第二篇:http://www.cnblogs.com/vowei/archive/2012/08/03/2618753.html

        第三篇:http://www.cnblogs.com/vowei/archive/2012/08/08/2627614.html

        第四篇:http://www.cnblogs.com/vowei/archive/2012/08/22/2650722.html

        通过读这四篇文章,我对hierarchyviewer有了一定了解,对于这位前辈没给出的一些疑惑我做了一些深入的研究和总结。

        总结:

        1.hierarchyviewer是通过socket连接android设备的ViewServer,通过4939端口建立通信。

        2.通过adb  -s <device>  forward  tcp:localpott  tcp:4939将端口映射到本地端口上

        3.通过该本地端口,客户端启动socket连接ViewServer,发送"dump -1"命令获取控件信息。这些信息一行代表一个控件,然后存放在ViewNode中。

        以上通过上面四篇文章你都能了解到。下面是自己的疑问:

        1.信息是如何从一行一行的字符串转变为viewnode对象的。

        2.是怎么深度遍历树的。

       

       带着这些疑问我又暴力了,反编译hierarchyviewer2lib.jar文件,寻找到了DeviceBridge的parseHierarchy方法:

 

 public static ViewNode parseViewHierarchy(BufferedReader in, Window window) {
    ViewNode currentNode = null;
    int currentDepth = -1;
    try
    {
      while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) {
        String line;
        if ("DONE.".equalsIgnoreCase(line))
          break;

        int depth = 0;
        while (line.charAt(depth) == ' ')
          ++depth;

        while (depth <= currentDepth) {
          if (currentNode != null)
            currentNode = currentNode.parent;

          --currentDepth;
        }
        <span style="color:#ff6666;">currentNode = new ViewNode(window, currentNode, line.substring(depth));
</span>        currentDepth = depth;
      }
    } catch (IOException e) {
      Log.e("hierarchyviewer", "Error reading view hierarchy stream: " + e.getMessage());
      return null;
    }
    if (currentNode == null)
      return null;

    while (currentNode.parent != null) {
      currentNode = currentNode.parent;
    }

    return currentNode;
  }

 

        通过标红的代码可知,创建ViewNode对象的时候,传入三个参数:window,currentNode,读取的行数据去掉空格后的line.找到ViewNode类。

 

package com.android.hierarchyviewerlib.models;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.TreeSet;
import org.eclipse.swt.graphics.Image;

public class ViewNode
{
  private static final double RED_THRESHOLD = 0.80000000000000004D;
  private static final double YELLOW_THRESHOLD = 0.5D;
  public static final String MISCELLANIOUS = "miscellaneous";
  public String id;
  public String name;
  public String hashCode;
  public List<Property> properties = new ArrayList();
  public Map<String, Property> namedProperties = new HashMap();
  public ViewNode parent;
  public List<ViewNode> children = new ArrayList();
  public int left;
  public int top;
  public int width;
  public int height;
  public int scrollX;
  public int scrollY;
  public int paddingLeft;
  public int paddingRight;
  public int paddingTop;
  public int paddingBottom;
  public int marginLeft;
  public int marginRight;
  public int marginTop;
  public int marginBottom;
  public int baseline;
  public boolean willNotDraw;
  public boolean hasMargins;
  public boolean hasFocus;
  public int index;
  public double measureTime;
  public double layoutTime;
  public double drawTime;
  public ProfileRating measureRating = ProfileRating.NONE;
  public ProfileRating layoutRating = ProfileRating.NONE;
  public ProfileRating drawRating = ProfileRating.NONE;
  public Set<String> categories = new TreeSet();
  public Window window;
  public Image image;
  public int imageReferences = 1;
  public int viewCount;
  public boolean filtered;
  public int protocolVersion;

  public ViewNode(Window window, ViewNode parent, String data)
  {
    <span style="color:#ff6666;">this.window = window;
    this.parent = parent;
    this.index = ((this.parent == null) ? 0 : this.parent.children.size());
    if (this.parent != null)
      this.parent.children.add(this);

    int delimIndex = data.indexOf(64);
    if (delimIndex < 0)
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid format for ViewNode, missing @: " + data);

    this.name = data.substring(0, delimIndex);
    data = data.substring(delimIndex + 1);
    delimIndex = data.indexOf(32);
    this.hashCode = data.substring(0, delimIndex);

    if (data.length() > delimIndex + 1) {
      loadProperties(data.substring(delimIndex + 1).trim());
    }
    else {
      this.id = "unknown";
      this.width = (this.height = 10);
    }

</span>    this.measureTime = -1.0D;
    this.layoutTime = -1.0D;
    this.drawTime = -1.0D;
  }

  public void dispose() {
    int N = this.children.size();
    for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i)
      ((ViewNode)this.children.get(i)).dispose();

    dereferenceImage();
  }

  public void referenceImage() {
    this.imageReferences += 1;
  }

  public void dereferenceImage() {
    this.imageReferences -= 1;
    if ((this.image != null) && (this.imageReferences == 0))
      this.image.dispose();
  }

  private void loadProperties(String data)
  {
    boolean stop;
    int start = 0;
    do
    {
      int index = data.indexOf(61, start);
      Property property = new Property();
      property.name = data.substring(start, index);

      int index2 = data.indexOf(44, index + 1);
      int length = Integer.parseInt(data.substring(index + 1, index2));
      start = index2 + 1 + length;
      property.value = data.substring(index2 + 1, index2 + 1 + length);

      this.properties.add(property);
      this.namedProperties.put(property.name, property);

      stop = start >= data.length();
      if (!(stop))
        ++start;
    }
    while (!(stop));

    Collections.sort(this.properties, new Comparator(this)
    {
      public int compare(, ViewNode.Property destination) {
        return source.name.compareTo(destination.name);
      }

    });
    this.id = ((Property)this.namedProperties.get("mID")).value;

    this.left = ((this.namedProperties.containsKey("mLeft")) ? getInt("mLeft", 0) : getInt("layout:mLeft", 0));

    this.top = ((this.namedProperties.containsKey("mTop")) ? getInt("mTop", 0) : getInt("layout:mTop", 0));
    this.width = ((this.namedProperties.containsKey("getWidth()")) ? getInt("getWidth()", 0) : getInt("layout:getWidth()", 0));

    this.height = ((this.namedProperties.containsKey("getHeight()")) ? getInt("getHeight()", 0) : getInt("layout:getHeight()", 0));

    this.scrollX = ((this.namedProperties.containsKey("mScrollX")) ? getInt("mScrollX", 0) : getInt("scrolling:mScrollX", 0));

    this.scrollY = ((this.namedProperties.containsKey("mScrollY")) ? getInt("mScrollY", 0) : getInt("scrolling:mScrollY", 0));

    this.paddingLeft = ((this.namedProperties.containsKey("mPaddingLeft")) ? getInt("mPaddingLeft", 0) : getInt("padding:mPaddingLeft", 0));

    this.paddingRight = ((this.namedProperties.containsKey("mPaddingRight")) ? getInt("mPaddingRight", 0) : getInt("padding:mPaddingRight", 0));

    this.paddingTop = ((this.namedProperties.containsKey("mPaddingTop")) ? getInt("mPaddingTop", 0) : getInt("padding:mPaddingTop", 0));

    this.paddingBottom = ((this.namedProperties.containsKey("mPaddingBottom")) ? getInt("mPaddingBottom", 0) : getInt("padding:mPaddingBottom", 0));

    this.marginLeft = ((this.namedProperties.containsKey("layout_leftMargin")) ? getInt("layout_leftMargin", -2147483648) : getInt("layout:layout_leftMargin", -2147483648));

    this.marginRight = ((this.namedProperties.containsKey("layout_rightMargin")) ? getInt("layout_rightMargin", -2147483648) : getInt("layout:layout_rightMargin", -2147483648));

    this.marginTop = ((this.namedProperties.containsKey("layout_topMargin")) ? getInt("layout_topMargin", -2147483648) : getInt("layout:layout_topMargin", -2147483648));

    this.marginBottom = ((this.namedProperties.containsKey("layout_bottomMargin")) ? getInt("layout_bottomMargin", -2147483648) : getInt("layout:layout_bottomMargin", -2147483648));

    this.baseline = ((this.namedProperties.containsKey("getBaseline()")) ? getInt("getBaseline()", 0) : getInt("layout:getBaseline()", 0));

    this.willNotDraw = ((this.namedProperties.containsKey("willNotDraw()")) ? getBoolean("willNotDraw()", false) : getBoolean("drawing:willNotDraw()", false));

    this.hasFocus = ((this.namedProperties.containsKey("hasFocus()")) ? getBoolean("hasFocus()", false) : getBoolean("focus:hasFocus()", false));

    this.hasMargins = ((this.marginLeft != -2147483648) && (this.marginRight != -2147483648) && (this.marginTop != -2147483648) && (this.marginBottom != -2147483648));

    for (Iterator i$ = this.namedProperties.keySet().iterator(); i$.hasNext(); ) { String name = (String)i$.next();
      int index = name.indexOf(58);
      if (index != -1)
        this.categories.add(name.substring(0, index));
    }

    if (this.categories.size() != 0)
      this.categories.add("miscellaneous");
  }

  public void setProfileRatings()
  {
    int N = this.children.size();
    if (N > 1) {
      ViewNode child;
      double totalMeasure = 0D;
      double totalLayout = 0D;
      double totalDraw = 0D;
      for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
        child = (ViewNode)this.children.get(i);
        totalMeasure += child.measureTime;
        totalLayout += child.layoutTime;
        totalDraw += child.drawTime;
      }
      for (i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
        child = (ViewNode)this.children.get(i);
        if (child.measureTime / totalMeasure >= 0.80000000000000004D)
          child.measureRating = ProfileRating.RED;
        else if (child.measureTime / totalMeasure >= 0.5D)
          child.measureRating = ProfileRating.YELLOW;
        else
          child.measureRating = ProfileRating.GREEN;

        if (child.layoutTime / totalLayout >= 0.80000000000000004D)
          child.layoutRating = ProfileRating.RED;
        else if (child.layoutTime / totalLayout >= 0.5D)
          child.layoutRating = ProfileRating.YELLOW;
        else
          child.layoutRating = ProfileRating.GREEN;

        if (child.drawTime / totalDraw >= 0.80000000000000004D)
          child.drawRating = ProfileRating.RED;
        else if (child.drawTime / totalDraw >= 0.5D)
          child.drawRating = ProfileRating.YELLOW;
        else
          child.drawRating = ProfileRating.GREEN;
      }
    }

    for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i)
      ((ViewNode)this.children.get(i)).setProfileRatings();
  }

  public void setViewCount()
  {
    this.viewCount = 1;
    int N = this.children.size();
    for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
      ViewNode child = (ViewNode)this.children.get(i);
      child.setViewCount();
      this.viewCount += child.viewCount;
    }
  }

  public void filter(String text) {
    int dotIndex = this.name.lastIndexOf(46);
    String shortName = (dotIndex == -1) ? this.name : this.name.substring(dotIndex + 1);
    this.filtered = ((!(text.equals(""))) && (((shortName.toLowerCase().contains(text.toLowerCase())) || ((!(this.id.equals("NO_ID"))) && (this.id.toLowerCase().contains(text.toLowerCase()))))));

    int N = this.children.size();
    for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i)
      ((ViewNode)this.children.get(i)).filter(text);
  }

  private boolean getBoolean(String name, boolean defaultValue)
  {
    Property p = (Property)this.namedProperties.get(name);
    if (p != null)
      try {
        return Boolean.parseBoolean(p.value);
      } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
        return defaultValue;
      }

    return defaultValue;
  }

  private int getInt(String name, int defaultValue) {
    Property p = (Property)this.namedProperties.get(name);
    if (p != null)
      try {
        return Integer.parseInt(p.value);
      } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
        return defaultValue;
      }

    return defaultValue;
  }

  public String toString()
  {
    return this.name + "@" + this.hashCode;
  }

  public static class Property
  {
    public String name;
    public String value;

    public String toString()
    {
      return this.name + '=' + this.value;
    }
  }

  public static enum ProfileRating
  {
    RED, YELLOW, GREEN, NONE;
  }
}


        在构造方法中,我了解到了它把传递过来的ViewNode对象作为当前对象的父对象,又把当前对象作为父节点的子节点。形成一个链表结构,这样我通过最上层的根节点就可以获得所有节点(佩服佩服,后悔自己数据结构和算法没学好啊!)。一行currentNode = new ViewNode(window, currentNode, line.substring(depth));解决了所有烦恼,就是理解的时候要花费一点时间。

        通过源码的学习。我了解hierarchyviewer的工作方式,然后我动手用java自己来实现。下一篇再续讲,该吃饭了。

下一篇:

android自动化测试中hierarchyviewer和uiautomatorviewer获取控件信息的方式比对(2)

 

 uiautomatorviewer在5.0中的改进

 

 

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