高性能Web服务器Nginx的配置与部署研究(14)平滑升级你的Nginx

1、概述(可以直接跳过看第2部分)

Nginx方便地帮助我们实现了平滑升级。其原理简单概括,就是:


(1)在不停掉老进程的情况下,启动新进程。

(2)老进程负责处理仍然没有处理完的请求,但不再接受处理请求。

(3)新进程接受新请求。

(4)老进程处理完所有请求,关闭所有连接后,停止。


这样就很方便地实现了平滑升级。一般有两种情况下需要升级Nginx,一种是确实要升级Nginx的版本,另一种是要为Nginx添加新的模块。


2. 升级过程

具体的操作也很简单,如下:


(0)查看当前版本

在存放Nginx的可执行文件的目录下输入:

./nginx -V

(1)下载新的Nginx版本并编译。

wget nginx-1.0.11.tar.gz
tar zxvf nginx-1.0.11.tar.gz
cd nginx-1.0.11
./configure --add-module=/customized_module_0 --add-module=/customized_module_1
make

注意不要进行make install


(2)备份老版本的可执行文件

cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin
sudo cp nginx nginx.old

(3)修改配置文件

如果有必要的话,进行配置文件的修改。


(4)拷贝新的可执行文件

sudo cp /home/michael/tmp/nginx-1.0.11/objs/nginx /usr/local/nginx/sbin/

(5)升级

cd /home/michael/tmp/nginx-1.0.11
make upgrade

(6)清理多余文件

rm -rf /home/michael/tmp/nginx-1.0.11

(7)查看Nginx版本

cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin
./nginx -V

3、观察进程变化

在我的机器上可以观察到,我配置的是10个worker进程,启动后观察到:

root      6241 10419  0 10:51 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
nobody    6242  6241  2 10:51 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process      
nobody    6243  6241  0 10:51 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process      
nobody    6244  6241  0 10:51 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process      
nobody    6245  6241  0 10:51 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process      
nobody    6246  6241  0 10:51 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process      
nobody    6247  6241  0 10:51 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process      
nobody    6248  6241  0 10:51 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process      
nobody    6249  6241  0 10:51 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process      
nobody    6250  6241  0 10:51 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process      
nobody    6251  6241  1 10:51 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process      
nobody    6252  6241  0 10:51 ?        00:00:00 nginx: cache manager process
nobody    6253  6241  0 10:51 ?        00:00:00 nginx: cache loader process
luming    6310 25051  0 10:51 pts/1    00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx
nobody    7995 10419  0 Jan12 ?        00:20:37 nginx: worker process is shutting down
nobody    7996 10419  0 Jan12 ?        00:20:11 nginx: worker process is shutting down
nobody    7998 10419  0 Jan12 ?        00:20:04 nginx: worker process is shutting down
nobody    8003 10419  0 Jan12 ?        00:20:12 nginx: worker process is shutting down
root     10419     1  0 Jan08 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

可见新的进程有1个master和10个worker,另外还有1个老的master(可以从时间上看出)和4个worker(其他6个老的worker已经处理完所有连接而shutdown了)。还有一个loader进程。过几秒种可以看到worker只有两个了:

root      6241 10419  0 10:51 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
nobody    6242  6241  1 10:51 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process      
nobody    6243  6241  0 10:51 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process      
nobody    6244  6241  0 10:51 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process      
nobody    6245  6241  0 10:51 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process      
nobody    6246  6241  0 10:51 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process      
nobody    6247  6241  0 10:51 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process      
nobody    6248  6241  0 10:51 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process      
nobody    6249  6241  0 10:51 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process      
nobody    6250  6241  0 10:51 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process      
nobody    6251  6241  0 10:51 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process      
nobody    6252  6241  0 10:51 ?        00:00:00 nginx: cache manager process
nobody    6253  6241  0 10:51 ?        00:00:00 nginx: cache loader process
luming    6430 25051  0 10:51 pts/1    00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx
nobody    7996 10419  0 Jan12 ?        00:20:11 nginx: worker process is shutting down
nobody    8003 10419  0 Jan12 ?        00:20:12 nginx: worker process is shutting down
root     10419     1  0 Jan08 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

再过一小会儿观察:

root      6241     1  0 10:51 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
nobody    6242  6241  0 10:51 ?        00:00:01 nginx: worker process      
nobody    6243  6241  0 10:51 ?        00:00:01 nginx: worker process      
nobody    6244  6241  0 10:51 ?        00:00:01 nginx: worker process      
nobody    6245  6241  0 10:51 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process      
nobody    6246  6241  0 10:51 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process      
nobody    6247  6241  0 10:51 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process      
nobody    6248  6241  0 10:51 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process      
nobody    6249  6241  0 10:51 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process      
nobody    6250  6241  0 10:51 ?        00:00:01 nginx: worker process      
nobody    6251  6241  0 10:51 ?        00:00:02 nginx: worker process      
nobody    6252  6241  0 10:51 ?        00:00:00 nginx: cache manager process
luming    8680 25051  0 10:56 pts/1    00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx

Congratulations! You can upgrade your Nginx server gracefully.


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