AJAX+JSP实现基于WEB的文件上传的进度控制

1.引言
2.实现代码
2.1.服务器端代码
2.1.1. 文件上传状态类(FileUploadStatus)
2.1.2. 文件上传状态侦听类(FileUploadListener)
2.1.3. 后台服务类(BackGroundService)
2.1.4. 文件上传状态控制类(BeanControler)
2.2. 客户端代码
2.2.1. AjaxWrapper.js
2.2.2. fileUpload.html
2.2.3. result.jsp
2.2.4. fileUpload.css
2.3. 配置文件
3. 结语  
1. 引言
   基于浏览器的文件上传,特别是对于通过<input type="file">标签来实现上传的情况, 存在着严重的性能问题,因为用户提交了文件之后,在浏览器把文件上传到服务器的过程中,界面看上去似乎是静止的,如果是小文件还好些,如果不幸需要上传的是几兆、几十兆甚至上百兆的文件,我相信那是一种非常痛苦的体验,我们中间的很多人应该都有过此种不堪的经历。(一笑)

  现在我就针对这个问题给出一个解决方案,我们将实现一个具有监控能力的WEB上传的程序——它不仅把文件上传到服务器,而且"实时地"监视文件上传的实际过程。

解决方案的基本思路是这样的:

  在Form提交上传文件同时,使用AJAX周期性地从Servlet轮询上传状态信息
  然后,根据此信息更新进度条和相关文字,及时反映文件传输状态
  如果用户取消上传操作,则进行相应的现场清理工作:删除已经上传的文件,在Form提交页面中显示相关信息
  如果上传完毕,显示已经上传的文件内容(或链接)
在介绍源代码之前,我们先来看看程序运行界面:



2. 实现代码
   实现代码想当然的有服务器端代码和客户端代码(呵呵),我们先从服务器端开始。

2.1. 服务器端代码
  2.1.1. 文件上传状态类(FileUploadStatus)
   使用FileUploadStatus这个类记录文件上传状态,并将其作为服务器端与web客户端之间通信的媒介,通过对这个类对象提供上传状态作为服务器回应发送给web客户端, web客户端使用JavaScript获得文件上传状态。源代码如下:

/**
* 本例程演示了通过Web上传文件过程中的进度显示。您可以对本例程进行任何修改和使用。
* 如果需要转载本例程,请您注明作者。
*
* 作者: 刘作晨
* EMail:[email protected]
*/
package liuzuochen.sample.upload;
import java.util.*;
public class FileUploadStatus {
    //上传用户地址
    private String uploadAddr;
    //上传总量
    private long uploadTotalSize = 0;
    //读取上传总量
    private long readTotalSize = 0;
    //当前上传文件号
    private int currentUploadFileNum = 0;
    //成功读取上传文件数
    private int successUploadFileCount = 0;
    //状态
    private String status = "";
    //处理起始时间
    private long processStartTime = 0l;
    //处理终止时间
    private long processEndTime = 0l;
    //处理执行时间
    private long processRunningTime = 0l;
    //上传文件URL列表
    private List uploadFileUrlList = new ArrayList();
    //取消上传
    private boolean cancel = false;
    //上传base目录
    private String baseDir = "";
    public FileUploadStatus() {
    }
    public String getBaseDir() {
        return baseDir;
    }
    public void setBaseDir(String baseDir) {
        this.baseDir = baseDir;
    }
    public boolean getCancel() {
        return cancel;
    }
    public void setCancel(boolean cancel) {
        this.cancel = cancel;
    }
    public List getUploadFileUrlList() {
        return uploadFileUrlList;
    }
    public void setUploadFileUrlList(List uploadFileUrlList) {
        this.uploadFileUrlList = uploadFileUrlList;
    }
    public long getProcessRunningTime() {
        return processRunningTime;
    }
    public void setProcessRunningTime(long processRunningTime) {
        this.processRunningTime = processRunningTime;
    }
    public long getProcessEndTime() {
        return processEndTime;
    }
    public void setProcessEndTime(long processEndTime) {
        this.processEndTime = processEndTime;
    }
    public long getProcessStartTime() {
        return processStartTime;
    }
    public void setProcessStartTime(long processStartTime) {
        this.processStartTime = processStartTime;
    }
    public long getReadTotalSize() {
        return readTotalSize;
    }
    public void setReadTotalSize(long readTotalSize) {
        this.readTotalSize = readTotalSize;
    }
    public int getSuccessUploadFileCount() {
        return successUploadFileCount;
    }
    public void setSuccessUploadFileCount(int successUploadFileCount) {
        this.successUploadFileCount = successUploadFileCount;
    }
    public int getCurrentUploadFileNum() {
        return currentUploadFileNum;
    }
    public void setCurrentUploadFileNum(int currentUploadFileNum) {
        this.currentUploadFileNum = currentUploadFileNum;
    }
    public String getStatus() {
        return status;
    }
    public void setStatus(String status) {
        this.status = status;
    }
    public long getUploadTotalSize() {
        return uploadTotalSize;
    }
    public String getUploadAddr() {
        return uploadAddr;
    }
    public void setUploadTotalSize(long uploadTotalSize) {
        this.uploadTotalSize = uploadTotalSize;
    }
    public void setUploadAddr(String uploadAddr) {
        this.uploadAddr = uploadAddr;
    }
    public String toJSon() {
        StringBuffer strJSon = new StringBuffer();
        strJSon.append("{UploadTotalSize:").append(getUploadTotalSize()).append(
                ",")
                .append("ReadTotalSize:").append(getReadTotalSize()).append(",")
                .append("CurrentUploadFileNum:").append(getCurrentUploadFileNum()).
                append(",")
                .append("SuccessUploadFileCount:").append(
                        getSuccessUploadFileCount()).append(",")
                .append("Status:'").append(getStatus()).append("',")
                .append("ProcessStartTime:").append(getProcessStartTime()).
                append(",")
                .append("ProcessEndTime:").append(getProcessEndTime()).append(
                        ",")
                .append("ProcessRunningTime:").append(getProcessRunningTime()).
                append(",")
                .append("Cancel:").append(getCancel()).append("}");
        return strJSon.toString();
    }
}

  2.1.2. 文件上传状态侦听类(FileUploadListener)
   使用Common-FileUpload 1.2版本(20070103)。此版本提供了能够监视文件上传情况的ProcessListener接口,使开发者通过FileUploadBase类对象的setProcessListener方法植入自己的Listener。 FileUploadListener类实现了ProcessListener,在整个文件上传过程中,它对上传进度进行监控,并且根据上传 情况实时的更新上传状态Bean。源代码如下:

/**
* 本例程演示了通过Web上传文件过程中的进度显示。您可以对本例程进行任何修改和使用。
* 如果需要转载本例程,请您注明作者。
*
* 作者: 刘作晨
* EMail:[email protected]
*/
package liuzuochen.sample.upload;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.ProgressListener;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
public class FileUploadListener implements ProgressListener{
private HttpServletRequest request=null;
public FileUploadListener(HttpServletRequest request){
this.request=request;
}
/**
* 更新状态
*/
public void update(long pBytesRead, long pContentLength, int pItems){
FileUploadStatus statusBean= BackGroundService.getStatusBean(request);
statusBean.setUploadTotalSize(pContentLength);
//读取完成
    if (pContentLength == -1) {
       statusBean.setStatus("完成对" + pItems +"个文件的读取:读取了 " + pBytesRead + " bytes.");
       statusBean.setReadTotalSize(pBytesRead);
       statusBean.setSuccessUploadFileCount(pItems);
       statusBean.setProcessEndTime(System.currentTimeMillis());
       statusBean.setProcessRunningTime(statusBean.getProcessEndTime());
    //读取中
    } else {
       statusBean.setStatus("当前正在处理第" + pItems +"个文件:已经读取了 " + pBytesRead +                   "/" + pContentLength+ " bytes.");
       statusBean.setReadTotalSize(pBytesRead);
       statusBean.setCurrentUploadFileNum(pItems);
       statusBean.setProcessRunningTime(System.currentTimeMillis());
    }
            BackGroundService.saveStatusBean(request,statusBean);
}
}

  2.1.3. 后台服务类(BackGroundService)
   BackGroundService这个Servlet类负责接收Form Post数据、回应状态轮询请求、处理取消文件上传的请求。 尽管可以把这些功能相互分离开来,但为了简单明了,还是将它们放到Servlet中,只是由不同的方法进行分割。 源代码如下:

/**
* 本例程演示了通过Web上传文件过程中的进度显示。您可以对本例程进行任何修改和使用。
* 如果需要转载本例程,请您注明作者。
*
* 作者: 刘作晨
* EMail:[email protected]
*/
package liuzuochen.sample.upload;

/**
* Title: 后台服务
* * Description: 为客户端提供上传及文件传输状态查询服务
*
*/
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileItem;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileUploadException;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.disk.DiskFileItemFactory;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.servlet.*;
public class BackGroundService extends javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet implements
        javax.servlet.Servlet {
    public static final String UPLOAD_DIR = "/upload";
    public static final String DEFAULT_UPLOAD_FAILURE_URL = "./result.jsp";
    public BackGroundService() {
        super();
    }
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request,
                         HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException,
            IOException {
        doPost(request, response);
    }
    /**
     * 从文件路径中取出文件名
     */
    private String takeOutFileName(String filePath) {
        int pos = filePath.lastIndexOf(File.separator);
        if (pos > 0) {
            return filePath.substring(pos + 1);
        } else {
            return filePath;
        }
    }
    /**
     * 从request中取出FileUploadStatus Bean
     */
    public static FileUploadStatus getStatusBean(
            HttpServletRequest request) {
        BeanControler beanCtrl = BeanControler.getInstance();
        return beanCtrl.getUploadStatus(request.getRemoteAddr());
    }
    /**
     * 把FileUploadStatus Bean保存到类控制器BeanControler
     */
    public static void saveStatusBean(
            HttpServletRequest request,
            FileUploadStatus statusBean) {
        statusBean.setUploadAddr(request.getRemoteAddr());
        BeanControler beanCtrl = BeanControler.getInstance();
        beanCtrl.setUploadStatus(statusBean);
    }
    /**
     * 删除已经上传的文件
     */
    private void deleteUploadedFile(HttpServletRequest request) {
        FileUploadStatus satusBean = getStatusBean(request);
        for (int i = 0; i < satusBean.getUploadFileUrlList().size(); i++) {
            File uploadedFile = new File(request.getRealPath(UPLOAD_DIR) +
                                         File.separator +
                                         satusBean.getUploadFileUrlList().
                                         get(i));
            uploadedFile.delete();
        }
        satusBean.getUploadFileUrlList().clear();
        satusBean.setStatus("删除已上传的文件");
        saveStatusBean(request, satusBean);
    }
    /**
     * 上传过程中出错处理
     */
    private void uploadExceptionHandle(
            HttpServletRequest request,
            String errMsg) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //首先删除已经上传的文件
        deleteUploadedFile(request);
        FileUploadStatus satusBean = getStatusBean(request);
        satusBean.setStatus(errMsg);
        saveStatusBean(request, satusBean);
    }
    /**
     * 初始化文件上传状态Bean
     */
    private FileUploadStatus initStatusBean(HttpServletRequest
            request) {
        FileUploadStatus satusBean = new FileUploadStatus();
        satusBean.setStatus("正在准备处理");
        satusBean.setUploadTotalSize(request.getContentLength());
        satusBean.setProcessStartTime(System.currentTimeMillis());
        satusBean.setBaseDir(request.getContextPath() + UPLOAD_DIR);
        return satusBean;
    }
    /**
     * 处理文件上传
     */
    private void processFileUpload(HttpServletRequest request,
                                   HttpServletResponse response) throws
            ServletException, IOException {
        DiskFileItemFactory factory = new DiskFileItemFactory();
        //设置内存缓冲区,超过后写入临时文件
        factory.setSizeThreshold(10240000);
        //设置临时文件存储位置
        factory.setRepository(new File(request.getRealPath("/upload/temp")));
        ServletFileUpload upload = new ServletFileUpload(factory);
        //设置单个文件的最大上传值
        upload.setFileSizeMax(102400000);
        //设置整个request的最大值
        upload.setSizeMax(102400000);
        upload.setProgressListener(new FileUploadListener(request));
        //保存初始化后的FileUploadStatus Bean
        saveStatusBean(request, initStatusBean(request));
        String forwardURL = "";
        try {
            List items = upload.parseRequest(request);
            //获得返回url
            for (int i = 0; i < items.size(); i++) {
                FileItem item = (FileItem) items.get(i);
                if (item.isFormField()) {
                    forwardURL = item.getString();
                    break;
                }
            }
            //处理文件上传
            for (int i = 0; i < items.size(); i++) {
                FileItem item = (FileItem) items.get(i);
                //取消上传
                if (getStatusBean(request).getCancel()) {
                    deleteUploadedFile(request);
                    break;
                }
                //保存文件
                else if (!item.isFormField() && item.getName().length() > 0) {
                    String fileName = takeOutFileName(item.getName());
                    File uploadedFile = new File(request.getRealPath(UPLOAD_DIR) +
                                                 File.separator + fileName);
                    item.write(uploadedFile);
                    //更新上传文件列表
                    FileUploadStatus satusBean =
                            getStatusBean(request);
                    satusBean.getUploadFileUrlList().add(fileName);
                    saveStatusBean(request, satusBean);
                    Thread.sleep(500);
                }
            }
        } catch (FileUploadException e) {
            uploadExceptionHandle(request, "上传文件时发生错误:" + e.getMessage());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            uploadExceptionHandle(request, "保存上传文件时发生错误:" + e.getMessage());
        }
        if (forwardURL.length() == 0) {
            forwardURL = DEFAULT_UPLOAD_FAILURE_URL;
        }
        request.getRequestDispatcher(forwardURL).forward(request, response);
    }
    /**
     * 回应上传状态查询
     */
    private void responseStatusQuery(HttpServletRequest request,
                                              HttpServletResponse response) throws
            IOException {
        response.setContentType("text/xml");
        response.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache");
        FileUploadStatus satusBean = getStatusBean(request);
        response.getWriter().write(satusBean.toJSon());
    }
    /**
     * 处理取消文件上传
     */
    private void processCancelFileUpload(HttpServletRequest request,
                                         HttpServletResponse response) throws
            IOException {
        FileUploadStatus satusBean = getStatusBean(request);
        satusBean.setCancel(true);
        saveStatusBean(request, satusBean);
        responseStatusQuery(request, response);
    }
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request,
                          HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException,
            IOException {
        boolean isMultipart = ServletFileUpload.isMultipartContent(request);
        if (isMultipart) {
            processFileUpload(request, response);
        } else {
            request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
            if (request.getParameter("uploadStatus") != null) {
                responseStatusQuery(request, response);
            }
            if (request.getParameter("cancelUpload") != null) {
                processCancelFileUpload(request, response);
            }
        }
    }
}

  2.1.4. 文件上传状态控制类(BeanControler)
   这是一个单例类,它的功能是为客户端保存文件上传状态,这里我没有使用Session来存储文件上传状态,因为对于AJAX这种异步调用,服务器会开启不同的Session,所以无法通过Session保存文件上传状态。 我并不认为这种方法最好,如果有更好的方法,欢迎大家一起讨论。 源代码如下:

/**
* 本例程演示了通过Web上传文件过程中的进度显示。您可以对本例程进行任何修改和使用。
* 如果需要转载本例程,请您注明作者。
*
* 作者: 刘作晨
* EMail:[email protected]
*/
package liuzuochen.sample.upload;
/**
* Title: 类控制器
*
* Description: 主要作用是对FileUploadStatus进行管理,为客户端提供相应的
* FileUploadStatus类对象。这是一个单例类。
*
*/
import java.util.Vector;
public class BeanControler {
    private static BeanControler beanControler = new BeanControler();
    private Vector vector = new Vector();
    private BeanControler() {
    }
    public static BeanControler getInstance() {
        return beanControler;
    }
    /**
     * 取得相应FileUploadStatus类对象的存储位置
     */
    private int indexOf(String strID) {
        int nReturn = -1;
        for (int i = 0; i < vector.size(); i++) {
            FileUploadStatus status = (FileUploadStatus) vector.elementAt(i);
            if (status.getUploadAddr().equals(strID)) {
                nReturn = i;
                break;
            }
        }
        return nReturn;
    }
    /**
     * 取得相应FileUploadStatus类对象
     */
    public FileUploadStatus getUploadStatus(String strID) {
        return (FileUploadStatus) vector.elementAt(indexOf(strID));
    }
    /**
     * 存储FileUploadStatus类对象
     */
    public void setUploadStatus(FileUploadStatus status) {
        int nIndex = indexOf(status.getUploadAddr());
        if ( -1 == nIndex) {
            vector.add(status);
        } else {
            vector.insertElementAt(status, nIndex);
            vector.removeElementAt(nIndex + 1);
        }
    }
    /**
     * 删除FileUploadStatus类对象
     */
    public void removeUploadStatus(String strID){
        int nIndex = indexOf(strID);
        if(-1!=nIndex)
            vector.removeElementAt(nIndex);
    }
}

2.2. 客户端代码
   客户端我们采用Prototype框架。请下载。

  2.2.1. AjaxWrapper.js
   AjaxWrapper.js对Prototype进行了封装。请下载分析

  2.2.2. fileUpload.html
   fileUpload.html是文件上传界面。 请下载。

  2.2.3. result.jsp
   result.jsp是文件上传结果显示界面。 请下载

  2.2.4. fileUpload.css
   fileUpload.css是样式文件。 源代码如下:

body {
  color:#000;
  background-color:white;
  font:15px Georgia, "Lucida Grande", Arial, sans-serif;
  letter-spacing:0.01em;
  margin:15px;
}
#controlPanel,#resultPanel{
  width:700px;
  margin:20px auto;
  padding:25px;
  border:3px solid gray;
  -moz-border-radius:10px;
  background:#f8f8f8;
}
#errorArea{
   width:400px;
  margin:20px auto;
  padding:25px;
  border:3px solid gray;
  -moz-border-radius:10px;
  background:red;
}
#normalMessageArea{
  width:400px;
  margin:20px auto;
  padding:25px;
  border:3px solid gray;
  -moz-border-radius:10px;
  background:yellow;
}
#progressBar { padding-top: 5px; }
  #totalProgressBarBox {
   width: 350px;
   height: 20px;
   border: 1px inset;
   background: #eee;
}
#totalProgressBarBoxContent {
  width: 0;
  height: 20px;
  border-right: 1px solid #444;
  background: #9ACB34;
}

2.3. 配置文件
   web.xml中完成Servlet的配置。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app id="WebApp_ID" version="2.4" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">
<display-name>AjaxPractice</display-name>
<servlet>
  <description></description>
  <display-name>BackGroundService</display-name>
  <servlet-name>BackGroundService</servlet-name>
  <servlet-class>liuzuochen.sample.upload.BackGroundService</servlet-class>
</servlet>

<servlet-mapping>
  <servlet-name>BackGroundService</servlet-name>
  <url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<welcome-file-list>
  <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
   <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
  <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
  <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
  <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
  <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>


3. 结语
   整个程序到这里就介绍完了,希望它多少能为您的工作或学习带来点儿帮助。



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