目前Android、QT等众多应用对于linux系统中键盘、鼠标、触摸屏等输入设备的支持都通过标准的input输入子系统。
一、input输入子系统框架
下图是input输入子系统框架,输入子系统由输入子系统核心层(input core),驱动层和事件处理层(Event Handler)三部分组成。一个输入事件,比如滑动触摸屏都是通过input driver -> input core -> event handler -> user space 到达用户空间传给应用程序。
Input输入子系统框架

二、Input driver编写要点
1. 分配、注册、注销input设备
参见触摸屏驱动ctp_it7250.c
struct input_dev *input_allocate_device(void)
int input_register_device(struct input_dev *dev)
void input_unregister_device(struct input_dev *dev)
2. 设置input设备支持的事件类型、事件码、事件值的范围等信息
参见触摸屏驱动ctp_it7250.c
__set_bit(EV_ABS, Ctp_it7250->input_dev->evbit);
__set_bit(ABS_X, Ctp_it7250->input_dev->absbit);
__set_bit(ABS_Y, Ctp_it7250->input_dev->absbit);
__set_bit(EV_SYN, Ctp_it7250->input_dev->evbit);
__set_bit(EV_KEY, Ctp_it7250->input_dev->evbit);
__set_bit(BTN_TOUCH, Ctp_it7250->input_dev->keybit);
Include/linux/input.h中定义了支持的类型
#define EV_SYN 0x00
#define EV_KEY 0x01
#define EV_REL 0x02
#define EV_ABS 0x03
#define EV_MSC 0x04
#define EV_SW 0x05
#define EV_LED 0x11
#define EV_SND 0x12
#define EV_REP 0x14
#define EV_FF 0x15
#define EV_PWR 0x16
#define EV_FF_STATUS 0x17
#define EV_MAX 0x1f
#define EV_CNT (EV_MAX+1)
一个设备可以支持一个或多个事件类型。每个事件类型下面还需要设置具体的触发事件码。比如:EV_KEY事件,需要定义其支持哪些按键事件码。
3. 如果需要,设置input设备的打开、关闭的处理方法
参见触摸屏驱动ctp_it7250.c
Ctp_it7250->input_dev->open = Ctp_it7250_touch_open;
Ctp_it7250->input_dev->close = Ctp_it7250_touch_close;
4. 在发生输入事件时,向子系统报告事件
参见触摸屏驱动ctp_it7250.c
input_report_key(Ctp_it7250->input_dev,ABS_MT_TRACKING_ID,0);
input_report_abs(Ctp_it7250->input_dev, ABS_MT_POSITION_X, gpdwSampleX[0]);
input_report_abs(Ctp_it7250->input_dev, ABS_MT_POSITION_Y, gpdwSampleY[0]);
input_report_abs(Ctp_it7250->input_dev, ABS_MT_TOUCH_MAJOR, 1);
input_mt_sync(Ctp_it7250->input_dev);
input_sync(Ctp_it7250->input_dev);
而上述函数其实都是通过下面这个函数实现的
void input_event(struct input_dev *dev, unsigned int type, unsigned int code, int value)
而此函数最终会调用handle->handler->event,也就是evdev_event函数
static void evdev_event(struct input_handle *handle, unsigned int type, unsigned int code, int value)
继续往上,以Android2.1为例,input上报的流程如下,蓝色为文件以及路径,红色为用到的函数
frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/KeyInputQueue.java->:Thread mThread = new Thread("InputDeviceReader")
frameworks/base/services/jni/com_android_server_KeyInputQueue.cpp->:static jboolean android_server_KeyInputQueue_readEvent(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz, jobject event)
frameworks/base/libs/ui/EventHub.cpp->:bool EventHub::getEvent(int32_t* outDeviceId, int32_t* outType,
int32_t* outScancode, int32_t* outKeycode, uint32_t *outFlags,
int32_t* outValue, nsecs_t* outWhen)
其中EventHub.cpp为HAL层代码、com_android_server_KeyInputQueue.cpp为jni本地调用,KeyInputQueue.java为framework的server代码,具体细节可以自己去研究其代码。在Android2.3里多了几层的封装
frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/InputManager.java->:public void start()
frameworks/base/services/jni/com_android_server_InputManager.cpp->:static void android_server_InputManager_nativeStart(JNIEnv* env, jclass clazz)
frameworks/base/libs/ui/InputManager.cpp->:status_t InputManager::start()
frameworks/base/libs/ui/InputReader.cpp->:bool InputReaderThread::threadLoop()
frameworks/base/libs/ui/EventHub.cpp->:bool EventHub::getEvent(RawEvent* outEvent)
二、重要的数据结构
在输入子系统的设备驱动中,最重要的数据结构是struct input_dev,如程序清单 1.1所示。需要完成的大部分工作都是围绕着它来的,它是驱动的主体。每个struct input_dev代表一个输入设备。
程序清单 1.1 struct input_dev成员介绍
/* include/linux/input.h */
struct input_dev {
constchar *name; /*设备名 */
constchar *phys;
constchar *uniq;
structinput_id id; /*用于匹配事件处理层handler */
unsignedlong evbit[BITS_TO_LONGS(EV_CNT)]; /*用于记录支持的事件类型的位图*/
unsignedlong keybit[BITS_TO_LONGS(KEY_CNT)]; /*记录支持的按键值的位图 */
unsignedlong relbit[BITS_TO_LONGS(REL_CNT)]; /*记录支持的相对坐标的位图 */
unsignedlong absbit[BITS_TO_LONGS(ABS_CNT)]; /*记录支持的绝对坐标的位图 */
unsignedlong mscbit[BITS_TO_LONGS(MSC_CNT)];
unsignedlong ledbit[BITS_TO_LONGS(LED_CNT)]; /*led */
unsignedlong sndbit[BITS_TO_LONGS(SND_CNT)]; /*beep */
unsignedlong ffbit[BITS_TO_LONGS(FF_CNT)];
unsignedlong swbit[BITS_TO_LONGS(SW_CNT)];
unsignedint keycodemax; /*支持的按键值的个数 */
unsignedint keycodesize; /*每个键值的字节数 */
void *keycode; /*存储按键值的数组首地址 */
int(*setkeycode)(struct input_dev *dev, int scancode, int keycode); /* 修改键值的函数,可选 */
int(*getkeycode)(struct input_dev *dev, int scancode, int *keycode); /* 获取扫描码的键值,可选 */
structff_device *ff;
unsignedint repeat_key; /*最近一次按键值,用于连击 */
structtimer_list timer; /*自动连击计时器 */
intsync; /*最后一次同步后没有新的事件置1*/
intabs[ABS_MAX + 1]; /* 当前各个坐标的值 */
int rep[REP_MAX + 1]; /*自动连击的参数 */
unsigned longkey[BITS_TO_LONGS(KEY_CNT)]; /*反映当前按键状态的位图 */
unsignedlong led[BITS_TO_LONGS(LED_CNT)]; /*反映当前led状态的位图 */
unsignedlong snd[BITS_TO_LONGS(SND_CNT)]; /*反映当前beep状态的位图 */
unsignedlong sw[BITS_TO_LONGS(SW_CNT)];
intabsmax[ABS_MAX + 1]; /*记录各个坐标的最大值 */
intabsmin[ABS_MAX + 1]; /*记录各个坐标的最小值 */
intabsfuzz[ABS_MAX + 1]; /*记录各个坐标的分辨率 */
intabsflat[ABS_MAX + 1]; /*记录各个坐标的基准值 */
int(*open)(struct input_dev *dev); /*打开函数 */
void(*close)(struct input_dev *dev); /*关闭函数 */
int(*flush)(struct input_dev *dev, struct file *file); /* 断开连接时冲洗数据 */
int(*event)(struct input_dev *dev, unsigned int type, unsigned int code, intvalue); /* 回调函数,可选 */
structinput_handle *grab;
spinlock_tevent_lock;
structmutex mutex;
unsignedint users;
intgoing_away;
structdevice dev;
structlist_head h_list; /*handle链表 */ structlist_head node; /*input_dev链表 */
};
struct input_event是事件传送的载体,输入子系统的事件都是包装成struct input_event传给用户空间。各个成员如程序清单 1.2所示。
程序清单 1.2 struct input_event成员介绍
/* include/linux/input.h */
struct input_event {
structtimeval time; /*时间戳 */
__u16type; /*事件类型 */
__u16code; /*事件代码 */
__s32value; /*事件值,如坐标的偏移值 */
};
struct input_dev注册的时候需要跟匹配的hanlder建立连接,匹配的依据就是struct input_dev所包含的struct input_id。struct input_id的各个成员如程序清单 1.3所示。
程序清单 1.3 struct input_id成员描述
/* include/linux/input.h */
struct input_id {
__u16bustype; /*总线类型 */
__u16vendor; /*生产商编号 */
__u16product; /*产品编号 */
__u16version; /*版本号 */
};
三 、驱动程序例子
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- #include <linux/input.h>
- #include <linux/module.h>
- #include <linux/init.h>
- #include <linux/kernel.h>
- #include <linux/irq.h>
- #include <linux/interrupt.h>
- #include <mach/gpio.h>
- #include <mach/regs-gpio.h>
- #include <asm/irq.h>
- #include <asm/io.h>
-
- #define DEV_NAME "KEY1"
- #define DEV_NAME1 "KEY2"
- #define BUTTON_IRQ IRQ_EINT0
- #define BUTTON_IRQ1 IRQ_EINT0
-
- static struct input_dev *button_dev;
- void delay()
- {
- unsigned int i,j;
- for(i=5000;i>0;i--)
- {
- for(j=5000;j>0;j--);
- }
- }
-
- static irqreturn_t button_interrupt(int irq, void *p)
- {
- /*get pin value <down 0, up 1> */
- int val = gpio_get_value (S5PV210_GPH0(0)); // s3c2410_gpio_getpin(S3C2410_GPG(0));
- /* val must a variable */
- printk("Enter EIENT0 ! \n");
- input_report_key(button_dev,KEY_5, val);
- input_sync(button_dev);
-
- input_report_key(button_dev,KEY_5, !val);
- input_sync(button_dev);
-
- delay();
- input_report_key(button_dev,KEY_LEFT, val);
- input_sync(button_dev);
-
- input_report_key(button_dev,KEY_LEFT, !val);
- input_sync(button_dev);
-
- return IRQ_RETVAL(IRQ_HANDLED);
- }
-
- //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- static int __init button_init(void)
- {
- int err;
-
- gpio_direction_input(S5PV210_GPH0(0));
- s3c_gpio_cfgpin(S5PV210_GPH0(0), S3C_GPIO_SFN(0x0000000f)); //设置为外部中断 eint0 ,参考GP0CON【】
- set_irq_type(IRQ_EINT0, IRQ_TYPE_EDGE_FALLING);
- gpio_direction_input(S5PV210_GPH0(1));
- s3c_gpio_cfgpin(S5PV210_GPH0(1), S3C_GPIO_SFN(0x000000f0)); //设置为外部中断 eint1 ,参考GP0CON【】
- set_irq_type(IRQ_EINT1, IRQ_TYPE_EDGE_FALLING);
-
- if(request_irq(BUTTON_IRQ, button_interrupt,IRQ_TYPE_EDGE_FALLING,DEV_NAME, button_dev))
- {
- input_free_device(button_dev);
- printk(KERN_ERR"cannot allocate irq0");
- return- EBUSY;
- }
-
-
- //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- button_dev= input_allocate_device();
- if(button_dev == NULL)
- {
- printk(KERN_ERR"not enough memory\n");
- err= - ENOMEM;
- goto err_free_irq;
- }
- //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- button_dev->name = "Mini Button Optical Finger Navigation Module ";
- printk("1");
- button_dev->phys = "OFN/OFN0";
- printk("2");
- button_dev->id.bustype = BUS_HOST;
- printk("3");
- button_dev->id.vendor = 0x0001;
- printk("4");
- button_dev->id.product = 0x0001;
- printk("5");
- button_dev->id.version = 0x0100;
- printk("6");
-
- //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- // __set_bit(EV_REP, button_dev->evbit);
- set_bit(EV_KEY,button_dev->evbit);
- set_bit(KEY_5,button_dev->keybit);
- set_bit(KEY_LEFT,button_dev->keybit);
- //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- err= input_register_device(button_dev);
- if(err)
- {
- printk(KERN_ERR"failed to register device\n");
- goto err_free_dev;
- }
- printk("initialized\n");
- return 0;
-
- err_free_dev:
- input_free_device(button_dev);
- return err;
- err_free_irq:
- free_irq(BUTTON_IRQ,NULL);
- return err;
- }
-
- static void __exit button_exit(void)
- {
- input_unregister_device(button_dev);
- free_irq(BUTTON_IRQ,NULL);
- }
-
- module_init(button_init);
- module_exit(button_exit);
-
- MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
- MODULE_AUTHOR("light>");
#include <linux/input.h> #include <linux/module.h> #include <linux/init.h> #include <linux/kernel.h> #include <linux/irq.h> #include <linux/interrupt.h> #include <mach/gpio.h> #include <mach/regs-gpio.h> #include <asm/irq.h> #include <asm/io.h> #define DEV_NAME "KEY1" #define DEV_NAME1 "KEY2" #define BUTTON_IRQ IRQ_EINT0 #define BUTTON_IRQ1 IRQ_EINT0 static struct input_dev *button_dev; void delay() { unsigned int i,j; for(i=5000;i>0;i--) { for(j=5000;j>0;j--); } } static irqreturn_t button_interrupt(int irq, void *p) { /*get pin value <down 0, up 1> */ int val = gpio_get_value (S5PV210_GPH0(0)); // s3c2410_gpio_getpin(S3C2410_GPG(0)); /* val must a variable */ printk("Enter EIENT0 ! \n"); input_report_key(button_dev,KEY_5, val); input_sync(button_dev); input_report_key(button_dev,KEY_5, !val); input_sync(button_dev); delay(); input_report_key(button_dev,KEY_LEFT, val); input_sync(button_dev); input_report_key(button_dev,KEY_LEFT, !val); input_sync(button_dev); return IRQ_RETVAL(IRQ_HANDLED); } //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- static int __init button_init(void) { int err; gpio_direction_input(S5PV210_GPH0(0)); s3c_gpio_cfgpin(S5PV210_GPH0(0), S3C_GPIO_SFN(0x0000000f)); //设置为外部中断 eint0 ,参考GP0CON【】 set_irq_type(IRQ_EINT0, IRQ_TYPE_EDGE_FALLING); gpio_direction_input(S5PV210_GPH0(1)); s3c_gpio_cfgpin(S5PV210_GPH0(1), S3C_GPIO_SFN(0x000000f0)); //设置为外部中断 eint1 ,参考GP0CON【】 set_irq_type(IRQ_EINT1, IRQ_TYPE_EDGE_FALLING); if(request_irq(BUTTON_IRQ, button_interrupt,IRQ_TYPE_EDGE_FALLING,DEV_NAME, button_dev)) { input_free_device(button_dev); printk(KERN_ERR"cannot allocate irq0"); return- EBUSY; } //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- button_dev= input_allocate_device(); if(button_dev == NULL) { printk(KERN_ERR"not enough memory\n"); err= - ENOMEM; goto err_free_irq; } //----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- button_dev->name = "Mini Button Optical Finger Navigation Module "; printk("1"); button_dev->phys = "OFN/OFN0"; printk("2"); button_dev->id.bustype = BUS_HOST; printk("3"); button_dev->id.vendor = 0x0001; printk("4"); button_dev->id.product = 0x0001; printk("5"); button_dev->id.version = 0x0100; printk("6"); //----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- // __set_bit(EV_REP, button_dev->evbit); set_bit(EV_KEY,button_dev->evbit); set_bit(KEY_5,button_dev->keybit); set_bit(KEY_LEFT,button_dev->keybit); //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ err= input_register_device(button_dev); if(err) { printk(KERN_ERR"failed to register device\n"); goto err_free_dev; } printk("initialized\n"); return 0; err_free_dev: input_free_device(button_dev); return err; err_free_irq: free_irq(BUTTON_IRQ,NULL); return err; } static void __exit button_exit(void) { input_unregister_device(button_dev); free_irq(BUTTON_IRQ,NULL); } module_init(button_init); module_exit(button_exit); MODULE_LICENSE("GPL"); MODULE_AUTHOR("light>");