nginx配置SSL实现服务器/客户端双向认证
本人不才，配置了两天，终于搞出来了，结合网上诸多博文，特此总结一下！
配置环境：
Ubuntu 11.04
PCRE 8.31
Openssl 2.0.2
Nginx 1.2.5
为了确保能在 nginx中使用正则表达式进行更灵活的配置，安装之前需要确定系统是否安装有 PCRE（Perl Compatible Regular Expressions）包。可以到ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/ 下载最新的 PCRE 源码包，使用下面命令下载编译和安装 PCRE 包：
# wget ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-8.31.tar.bz2 # tar jxvf pcre-8.31.tar.bz2 # cd pcre-8.31 # ./configure –enable-utf8 # make # make install
openssl为开源软件，在Linux（或UNIX/Cygwin）下创建一个简单的CA。我们可以利用这个CA进行PKI、数字证书相关的测试。比如，在测试用Tomcat或Apache构建HTTPS双向认证时，我们可以利用自己建立的测试CA来为服务器端颁发服务器数字证书，为客户端（浏览器）生成文件形式的数字证书（可以同时利用openssl生成客户端私钥），安装方法和上面类似。
下面重点说说nginx的安装方法：
下载最新稳定版本1.2.5，使用命令：
# tar zxvf nginx-1.2.5.tar.gz # cd nginx-1.2.5 # ./configure --prefix=/usr --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log --pid-path=/var/run/nginx/nginx.pid --lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock --user=www-nginx --group=www --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/client/ --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/proxy/ --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/fcgi/ # 简单安装 ./configure --prefix=/opt/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module # make # make install
注意：在使用"--prefix"等配置项时，前面是两横"--"，而不是"-"，这里有些博文根本没注意到，害得我晕了半天。
--with-http_stub_status_module 是为了启用 nginx 的 NginxStatus 功能，用来监控 nginx 的当前状态。
--with-http_ssl_module 启用http_ssl模块
--with-ipv6 支持ipv6
安装成功后 /opt/nginx 目录下有四个子目录分别是：conf、html、logs、sbin 。其中 nginx 的配置文件存放于 conf/nginx.conf，nginx 只有一个程序文件位于 sbin 目录下。确保系统的 80 端口没被其他程序占用，运行 sbin/./nginx 命令来启动 Nginx，打开浏览器访问此机器的 IP，如果浏览器出现 Welcome to nginx! 则表示 nginx 已经安装并运行成功。
注：此处采用sbin/./nginx命令启动是因为我这里如果用网上说的sbin/nginx启动的话，根本启动不了，而且会出现安装nginx的提示，很怪！
使用openssl制作证书：
1、服务器单向验证
创建并进入sslkey存放目录
# mkdir /opt/nginx/sslkey
# cd /opt/nginx/sslkey
①、生成RSA密钥：
# openssl genrsa -out key.pem 2048
②、生成一个证书请求
# openssl req -new -key key.pem -out cert.csr
# //会提示输入省份、城市、域名信息等，重要的是，email 一定要是你的域名后缀的你可以拿着这个文件去数字证书颁发机构（即CA）申请一个数字证书。CA会给你一个新的文件cacert.pem，那才是你的数字证书。
如果是自己做测试，就可以用下面这个命令来生成证书：
# openssl req -new -x509 -nodes -out server.crt -keyout server.key
③、修改 nginx 配置
# HTTPS server
#
server {
listen 443;
server_name localhost;
ssl on;
ssl_certificate /opt/nginx/sslkey/server.crt;
ssl_certificate_key /opt/nginx/sslkey/server.key;
ssl_session_timeout 5m;
ssl_protocols SSLv2 SSLv3 TLSv1;
ssl_ciphers ALL:!ADH:!EXPORT56:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP;
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
location / {
root /home/workspace/;
index index.asp index.aspx;
}
}
配置好后，重启nginx，采用 https打开网站，浏览器会提示证书错误，点击继续浏览即可。
2、服务器-客户端双向验证
在nginx 目录下建立ca文件夹，进入ca。
# mkdir newcerts private conf server。
其中newcerts子目录将存放CA签署（颁发）过的数字证书（证书备份目录）。而private目录用于存放CA的私钥。目录conf只是用于存放一些简化参数
用的配置文件，server存放服务器证书文件。
①、在conf目录创建文件openssl.conf配置文件，内容如下：
[ ca ]
default_ca = foo # The default ca section
[ foo ]
dir = /opt/nginx/ca # top dir
database = /opt/nginx/ca/index.txt # index file.
new_certs_dir = /opt/nginx/ca/newcerts # new certs dir
certificate = /opt/nginx/ca/private/ca.crt # The CA cert
serial = /opt/nginx/ca/serial # serial no file
private_key = /opt/nginx/ca/private/ca.key # CA private key
RANDFILE =/opt/nginx/ca/private/.rand # random number file
default_days = 365 # how long to certify for
default_crl_days= 30 # how long before next CRL
default_md = md5 # message digest method to use
unique_subject = no # Set to 'no' to allow creation of
# several ctificates with same subject.
policy = policy_any # default policy
[ policy_any ]
countryName = match
stateOrProvinceName = match
organizationName = match
organizationalUnitName = match
localityName = optional
commonName = supplied
emailAddress = optional
注：你也可以直接修改openssl的配置文件，这样的话后面制作证书的代码中就不用引用这个配置文件了。
②、使用脚本创建证书
下面的几个脚本都放在/nginx/ca/目录下。
创建一个新的CA根证书。
new_ca.sh:
#!/bin/sh # Generate the key. openssl genrsa -out private/ca.key # Generate a certificate request. openssl req -new -key private/ca.key -out private/ca.csr # Self signing key is bad... this could work with a third party signed key... registeryfly has them on for $16 but I'm too cheap lazy to get one on a lark. # I'm also not 100% sure if any old certificate will work or if you have to buy a special one that you can sign with. I could investigate further but since this # service will never see the light of an unencrypted Internet see the cheap and lazy remark. # So self sign our root key. openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in private/ca.csr -signkey private/ca.key -out private/ca.crt # Setup the first serial number for our keys... can be any 4 digit hex string... not sure if there are broader bounds but everything I've seen uses 4 digits. echo FACE > serial # Create the CA's key database. touch index.txt # Create a Certificate Revocation list for removing 'user certificates.' openssl ca -gencrl -out /opt/nginx/ca/private/ca.crl -crldays 7 -config "/opt/nginx/ca/conf/openssl.conf"
执行 sh new_ca.sh生成新的CA证书。
生成服务器证书的脚本。
new_server.sh:
# Create us a key. Don't bother putting a password on it since you will need it to start apache. If you have a better work around I'd love to hear it. openssl genrsa -out server/server.key # Take our key and create a Certificate Signing Request for it. openssl req -new -key server/server.key -out server/server.csr # Sign this bastard key with our bastard CA key. openssl ca -in server/server.csr -cert private/ca.crt -keyfile private/ca.key -out server/server.crt -config "/opt/nginx/ca/conf/openssl.conf"
执行 sh new_server.sh生成新服务器的证书
配置 nginx的ssl支持：
#user www-nginx;
worker_processes 1;
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
sendfile on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
# HTTPS server
#
server {
listen 443;
server_name localhost;
ssi on;
ssi_silent_errors on;
ssi_types text/shtml;
ssl on;
ssl_certificate /opt/nginx/ca/server/server.crt;
ssl_certificate_key /opt/nginx/ca/server/server.key;
ssl_client_certificate /opt/nginx/ca/private/ca.crt;
ssl_session_timeout 5m;
ssl_verify_client on; #开户客户端证书验证
ssl_protocols SSLv2 SSLv3 TLSv1;
ssl_ciphers ALL:!ADH:!EXPORT56:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP;
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
location / {
root /home/workspace/;
index index.asp index.aspx;
}
}
}
启动nginx ,等待客户连接，如果此时连接服务器，将提示400 Bad request certification的错误，故还需要生成客户端证书。
new_user.sh:
#!/bin/sh # The base of where our SSL stuff lives. base="/opt/nginx/ca" # Were we would like to store keys... in this case we take the username given to us and store everything there. mkdir -p $base/users/ # Let's create us a key for this user... yeah not sure why people want to use DES3 but at least let's make us a nice big key. openssl genrsa -des3 -out $base/users/client.key 1024 # Create a Certificate Signing Request for said key. openssl req -new -key $base/users/client.key -out $base/users/client.csr # Sign the key with our CA's key and cert and create the user's certificate out of it. openssl ca -in $base/users/client.csr -cert $base/private/ca.crt -keyfile $base/private/ca.key -out $base/users/client.crt -config "/opt/nginx/ca/conf/openssl.conf" # This is the tricky bit... convert the certificate into a form that most browsers will understand PKCS12 to be specific. # The export password is the password used for the browser to extract the bits it needs and insert the key into the user's keychain. # Take the same precaution with the export password that would take with any other password based authentication scheme. openssl pkcs12 -export -clcerts -in $base/users/client.crt -inkey $base/users/client.key -out $base/users/client.p12
执行 shnew_user.sh生成一个 client证书。
按照提示一步一步来，这里要注意的是客户证书的几个项目要和根证书匹配。
也就是前面配置的:
countryName = match
stateOrProvinceName = match
organizationName = match
organizationalUnitName = match
不一致的话无法生成最后的客户证书，证书生成后，客户端导入证书浏览器，即可打开网站。
注意事项：
1、制作证书时会提示输入密码，服务器证书和客户端证书密码可以不相同。
2、服务器证书和客户端证书制作时提示输入省份、城市、域名信息等，需保持一致。
3、Nginx默认未开启SSI，上面配置已开启。
4、Nginx不能自启动，需要如下配置：
cd /etc/init.d sudo touch nginx sudo chmod +x nginx
nginx内容：
#! /bin/sh
#
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: nginx
# Required-Start: $syslog $local_fs $remote_fs
# Required-Stop: $syslog $local_fs $remote_fs
# Should-Start: dbus avahi
# Should-Stop: dbus avahi
# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop: 1
# Short-Description: Nginx Server
# Description: Nginx
### END INIT INFO
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/opt/nginx/sbin
DAEMON=/opt/nginx/sbin/nginx
NAME=nginx
DESC="Nginx Server"
PID_FILE=/opt/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
test -x $DAEMON || exit 0
RUN=yes
#RUN_AS_USER=root
#DAEMON_OPTS="-a $RUN_AS_USER"
set -e
case "$1" in
start)
echo -n "Starting $DESC: "
start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile $PID_FILE \
--exec $DAEMON
echo "$NAME."
;;
stop)
echo -n "Stopping $DESC: "
start-stop-daemon --stop --oknodo --quiet --pidfile $PID_FILE \
--exec $DAEMON
echo "$NAME."
;;
force-reload)
# check whether $DAEMON is running. If so, restart
start-stop-daemon --stop --test --quiet --pidfile \
$PID_FILE --exec $DAEMON \
&& $0 restart \
|| exit 0
;;
restart)
echo -n "Restarting $DESC: "
start-stop-daemon --stop --oknodo --quiet --pidfile \
$PID_FILE --exec $DAEMON
sleep 1
start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile \
$PID_FILE --exec $DAEMON
echo "$NAME."
;;
status)
if [ -s $PID_FILE ]; then
RUNNING=$(cat $PID_FILE)
if [ -d /proc/$RUNNING ]; then
if [ $(readlink /proc/$RUNNING/exe) = $DAEMON ]; then
echo "$NAME is running."
exit 0
fi
fi
# No such PID, or executables don't match
echo "$NAME is not running, but pidfile existed."
rm $PID_FILE
exit 1
else
rm -f $PID_FILE
echo "$NAME not running."
exit 1
fi
;;
*)
N=/etc/init.d/$NAME
echo "Usage: $N {start|stop|restart|force-reload}" >&2
exit 1
;;
esac
exit 0
设置自启动：
sudo chkconfig --list nginx sudo chkconfig nginx on
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