(转)python中paramiko ssh sftp使用
来源：
http://www.51testing.com/?uid-291148-action-viewspace-itemid-234315
http://segfault.in/2010/03/paramiko-ssh-and-sftp-with-python/
Working with paramiko
SSHClient is the main class provided by the paramkio module. It provides the basic interface you are going to want to use to instantiate server connections. The above code creates a new SSHClient object, and then calls ”connect()” to connect us to the local SSH server.
Here’s a simple example:
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import paramiko |
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ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() |
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import paramiko |
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import os |
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privatekeyfile = os.path.expanduser('~/.ssh/id_rsa') |
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mykey = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(privatekeyfile) |
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ssh.connect('192.168.1.2', username = 'vinod', pkey = mykey) |
注意:（这里的key，用的是RSA的key，linux下我们在用ssh-keygen -t rsa来指定它，windows下需要原始pem文件格式才可以在这里用，否则将会报无法识别的RSA KEY。类似如下
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----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=
-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
而且如果你的RSA Key有密码的话，你还需要
mykey = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(privatekeyfile,password='12345678')
不过，我们可以用publickey来登录的。
解法如下:
serverHost = "127.0.0.1"
serverPort = 22
userName = "root"
keyFile = "~/.ssh/badboy"
known_host = "~/.ssh/known_hosts"
channel = paramiko.SSHClient();
channel.load_system_host_keys( known_host )
channel.connect( serverHost, serverPort,username = userName, key_filename = keyFile )
）
Running Simple Commands
Lets run some simple commands on a remote machine.
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import paramiko |
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ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() |
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ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())<=这样的话，就会报paramiko.SSHException: Unknown server |
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ssh.connect('beastie', username='vinod', password='secret') |
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stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('df -h') |
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print stdout.readlines() |
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ssh.close() |
“paramiko.AutoAddPolicy()” which will auto-accept unknown keys.
Using sudo in running commands:
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import paramiko |
02
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cmd = "sudo /etc/rc.d/apache2 restart" |
04
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ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() |
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ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy()) |
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ssh.connect('beastie', username='vinod', password='secret') |
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stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(cmd) |
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stdin.write('secret\n') |
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stdin.flush() |
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print stdout.readlines() |
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ssh.close() |
在这个例子中，无法运行，也无法解释，希望志同道合的朋友能给个解释!
Secure File Transfer Using SFTPClient
SFTPClient is used to open an sftp session across an open ssh Transport and do remote file operations.
An SSH Transport attaches to a stream (usually a socket), negotiates an encrypted session, authenticates, and then creates stream tunnels, calledChannels, across the session. Multiple channels can be multiplexed across a single session (and often are, in the case of port forwardings).
以下是用密码认证功能登录的
#!/usr/bin/env python
import paramiko
socks=('127.0.0.1',22)
testssh=paramiko.Transport(socks)
testssh.connect(username='root',password='000000')
sftptest=paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(testssh)
remotepath="/tmp/a.log"
localpath="/tmp/c.log"
sftptest.put(remotepath,localpath)
sftptest.close()
testssh.close()
以下是用DSA认证登录的(PubkeyAuthentication)
#!/usr/bin/env python
import paramiko
serverHost = "192.168.1.172"
serverPort = 22
userName = "root"
keyFile = "/root/.ssh/zhuzhengjun"
known_host = "/root/.ssh/known_hosts"
channel = paramiko.SSHClient();
#host_keys = channel.load_system_host_keys(known_host)
channel.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
channel.connect(serverHost, serverPort,username=userName, key_filename=keyFile )
testssh=paramiko.Transport((serverHost,serverPort))
mykey = paramiko.DSSKey.from_private_key_file(keyFile,password='xyxyxy')
testssh.connect(username=userName,pkey=mykey)
sftptest=paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(testssh)
filepath='/tmp/e.log'
localpath='/tmp/a.log'
sftptest.put(localpath,filepath)
sftptest.close()
testssh.close()
以下是用RSA Key认证登录的
#!/usr/bin/evn python
import os
import paramiko
host='127.0.0.1'
port=22
testssh=paramiko.Transport((host,port))
privatekeyfile = os.path.expanduser('~/.ssh/badboy')
mykey = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(privatekeyfile,password='000000')
username = 'root'
testssh.connect(username=username, pkey=mykey)
sftptest=paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(testssh)
filepath='/tmp/e.log'
localpath='/tmp/a.log'
sftptest.put(localpath,filepath)
sftptest.close()
testssh.close()