使用 python 写 COM

使用 python 写 COM

Python 支持Com调用(client com) 以及撰写COM 组件(server com).
1. com 调用示例(使用Windows Media Player 播放音乐)

from  win32com.client  import  Dispatch
mp  =  Dispatch( " WMPlayer.OCX " )
tune  =  mp.newMedia( " C:/WINDOWS/system32/oobe/images/title.wma " )
mp.currentPlaylist.appendItem(tune)
mp.controls.play()

2. com server 的编写
主要可以参考 << Python Programming on Win32 之 Chapter 12 Advanced Python and COM  http://oreilly.com/catalog/pythonwin32/chapter/ch12.html >>
示例(分割字符串)
- 代码

class  PythonUtilities:
    _public_methods_  =  [  ' SplitString '  ]
    _reg_progid_  =   " PythonDemos.Utilities "
     #  NEVER copy the following ID 
     #  Use "print pythoncom.CreateGuid()" to make a new one.
    _reg_clsid_  =   " {41E24E95-D45A-11D2-852C-204C4F4F5020} "
    
     def  SplitString(self, val, item = None):
         import  string
         if  item  !=  None: item  =  str(item)
         return  string.split(str(val), item)
 
#  Add code so that when this script is run by
#  Python.exe, it self-registers.
if   __name__ == ' __main__ ' :
     print   " Registering COM server "
     import  win32com.server.register
    win32com.server.register.UseCommandLine(PythonUtilities)

- 注册/注销Com

Command-Line Option	Description
	The default is to register the COM objects.
--unregister	Unregisters the objects. This removes all references to the objects from the Windows registry.
--debug	Registers the COM servers in debug mode. We discuss debugging COM servers later in this chapter.
--quiet	Register (or unregister) the object quietly (i.e., don't report success).

- 使用COM
可以在python 命令行下运行

>>>   import  win32com.client
>>>  s  =  win32com.client.Dispatch( " PythonDemos.Utilities " )
>>>  s.SplitString( " a,b,c " ,  " , " )
((u ' a ' , u ' a,b,c ' ),)
>>>

3. python server com 原理
其实在注册表中查找到python com 的实现内幕

Windows Registry Editor Version  5.00

[ HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\CLSID\{41E24E95-D45A-11D2-852C-204C4F4F5020} ]
@ = " PythonDemos.Utilities "

[ HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\CLSID\{41E24E95-D45A-11D2-852C-204C4F4F5020}\Debugging ]
@ = " 0 "

[ HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\CLSID\{41E24E95-D45A-11D2-852C-204C4F4F5020}\Implemented Categories ]

[ HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\CLSID\{41E24E95-D45A-11D2-852C-204C4F4F5020}\Implemented Categories\{B3EF80D0-68E2-11D0-A689-00C04FD658FF} ]

[ HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\CLSID\{41E24E95-D45A-11D2-852C-204C4F4F5020}\InprocServer32 ]
@ = " pythoncom25.dll "
" ThreadingModel " = " both "

[ HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\CLSID\{41E24E95-D45A-11D2-852C-204C4F4F5020}\LocalServer32 ]
@ = " D:\\usr\\Python\\pythonw.exe \ " D:\\usr\\Python\\lib\\site-packages\\win32com\\server\\localserver.py\ "  {41E24E95-D45A-11D2-852C-204C4F4F5020} "

[ HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\CLSID\{41E24E95-D45A-11D2-852C-204C4F4F5020}\ProgID ]
@ = " PythonDemos.Utilities "

[ HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\CLSID\{41E24E95-D45A-11D2-852C-204C4F4F5020}\PythonCOM ]
@ = " PythonDemos.PythonUtilities "

[ HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\CLSID\{41E24E95-D45A-11D2-852C-204C4F4F5020}\PythonCOMPath ]
@ = " D:\\ "

inproc server 是通过pythoncom25.dll 实现
local server 通过localserver.py 实现
com 对应的python 源文件信息在 PythonCOMPath & PythonCOM

4. 使用问题
用PHP 或者 c 调用com 的时候

<? php
$com   =   new  COM( " PythonDemos.Utilities " );
$rs   =   $com -> SplitString( " a b c " );
foreach ( $rs   as   $r )
     echo   $r . " \n " ;
?>

会碰到下面的一些错误.
pythoncom error: PythonCOM Server - The 'win32com.server.policy' module could not be loaded.
<type 'exceptions.ImportError'>: No module named server.policy pythoncom error: CPyFactory::CreateInstance failed to create instance. (80004005)


可以通过2种方式解决:
a. 设置环境 PYTHONHOME = D:\usr\Python
另外在c ++ 使用python 的时候, 如果import module 出现错误  'import site' failed; use -v for traceback 的话, 也可以通过设置这个变量解决.

b. 为com 生产exe, dll 可执行文件, setup.py 代码如下 :

from  distutils.core  import  setup 
import  py2exe 

import  sys 
import  shutil 

#  Remove the build tree ALWAYS do that! 
shutil.rmtree( " build " , ignore_errors = True) 

#  List of modules to exclude from the executable 
excludes  =  [ " pywin " ,  " pywin.debugger " ,  " pywin.debugger.dbgcon " ,  " pywin.dialogs " ,  " pywin.dialogs.list " ] 

#  List of modules to include in the executable 
includes  =  [ " win32com.server " ] 

#  ModuleFinder can't handle runtime changes to __path__, but win32com uses them 
try : 
     #  if this doesn't work, try import modulefinder 
     import  py2exe.mf as modulefinder 
     import  win32com 
    
     for  p  in  win32com. __path__ [ 1 :]: 
        modulefinder.AddPackagePath( " win32com " , p) 
    
     for  extra  in  [ " win32com.shell " ,  " win32com.server " ]:  # ,"win32com.mapi" 
         __import__ (extra) 
        m  =  sys.modules[extra] 
         for  p  in  m. __path__ [ 1 :]: 
            modulefinder.AddPackagePath(extra, p) 

except  ImportError: 
     #  no build path setup, no worries. 
     pass  

#  Set up py2exe with all the options 
setup( 
    options  =  { " py2exe " : { " compressed " :  2 , 
                           " optimize " :  2 , 
                           # "bundle_files": 1, 
                           " dist_dir " :  " COMDist " , 
                           " excludes " : excludes, 
                           " includes " : includes}}, 
     #  The lib directory contains everything except the executables and the python dll. 
     #  Can include a subdirectory name. 
    zipfile  =  None, 
    com_server  =  [ 'PythonDemos ' ], # 文件名!!
    ) 

ref:
http://oreilly.com/catalog/pythonwin32/chapter/ch12.html 
http://blog.donews.com/limodou/archive/2005/09/02/537571.aspx