Android开发工具——ADB(Android Debug Bridge) <二>HOST端

         我分析代码的喜欢从main函数开始,因为还不知道代码结构的情况下,这是最直接的方法。所以先看adb.c的main函数

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    adb_trace_init();
#if ADB_HOST
    adb_sysdeps_init();
    return adb_commandline(argc - 1, argv + 1);
#else
    if((argc > 1) && (!strcmp(argv[1],"recovery"))) {
        adb_device_banner = "recovery";
        recovery_mode = 1;
    }

    start_device_log();
    return adb_main(0);
#endif
}

宏ADB_HOST用来区别编译adb和adbd,参见上一篇博客http://blog.csdn.net/yinlijun2004/article/details/7008952。

现在用一个常用命令“adb devices”用来捋顺代码流程,adb_trace_init用于log tag初始化,在host端,输入命令"adb devices"之后,进入adb_commandline函数。

adb_commandline首先解析参数,判断有没有指定transport type,即指定与哪个设备通信,emulator 或者 device,指定设备的方法是

-d
-e
-s <serial number> 

然后调用adb_set_transport将type,serial赋值给全局变量,

 void adb_set_transport(transport_type type, const char* serial)
{
    __adb_transport = type;
    __adb_serial = serial;
}

这两个全局变量由client保存,将用来告诉server,与何种设备通信,用何种方式传输通信。

接下来,adb_commandline用来判断server守护进程是否已经启动,

    if ((argc > 0) && (!strcmp(argv[0],"server"))) {
        if (no_daemon || is_daemon) {
            r = adb_main(is_daemon);
        } else {
            r = launch_server();
        }
        if(r) {
            fprintf(stderr,"* could not start server *\n");
        }
        return r;
    }
no_daemon和is_daemon初始化为0,当读到nodaemon参数时,no_daemon为1,这种情况用户显式的不用server进行通信;读到fork-server时is_daemon为1,这是标识当前进程已经是server进程。adb_main函数的is_daemon参数是用来决定是否回送一个应答“OK”给client的。

在这里我们的client第一次执行“adb device”,因此会去启动server,在launch_server中,执行fork()操作,生成一对管道用于父子进程的通信。子进程调用execl,执行adb fork-server server,父进程等待来自子进程的OK应答。

       // child side of the fork

        // redirect stderr to the pipe
        // we use stderr instead of stdout due to stdout's buffering behavior.
        adb_close(fd[0]);
        dup2(fd[1], STDERR_FILENO);
        adb_close(fd[1]);

        // child process
        int result = execl(path, "adb", "fork-server", "server", NULL);
        // this should not return
        fprintf(stderr, "OOPS! execl returned %d, errno: %d\n", result, errno);

这里子进程将STDERR_FILENO重定向到管道的写端fd[1];然后讲管道关闭,这样所有对stderr的操作都将写入父进程,fprintf语句只有在execl执行失败时执行。

        // parent side of the fork

        char  temp[3];

        temp[0] = 'A'; temp[1] = 'B'; temp[2] = 'C';
        // wait for the "OK\n" message
        adb_close(fd[1]);
        int ret = adb_read(fd[0], temp, 3);
        adb_close(fd[0]);
        if (ret < 0) {
            fprintf(stderr, "could not read ok from ADB Server, errno = %d\n", errno);
            return -1;
        }
        if (ret != 3 || temp[0] != 'O' || temp[1] != 'K' || temp[2] != '\n') {
            fprintf(stderr, "ADB server didn't ACK\n" );
            return -1;
        }

        setsid();

父进程从管道的读端读取子进程发过来的应答,如果非“OK”,代表创建server失败,返回,setsid用于避免父进程退出时子进程也退出,即server真正成为一个守护进程。

花开两朵各表一只,先看fork出来的子进程,即守护进程server,前面说到,它的启动command是adb fork-server server,我们在回到adb的main函数,它用走到了adb_commandline里面来,这时候它解析参数以后,is_daemon就变成1了,因此执行adb_daemon(is_daemon)。 

    init_transport_registration();


#if ADB_HOST
    HOST = 1;
    usb_vendors_init();
    usb_init();
    local_init(ADB_LOCAL_TRANSPORT_PORT);
    
    if(install_listener("tcp:5037", "*smartsocket*", NULL)) {
        exit(1);
    }
#else


adb_daemon首先初始化transport registrantion,等待注册transport时间的到来,transport是用来与远端设备进行通信的,对HOST来说远端设备就是device/emulator,反之亦然。注册信息本身,是用通过一个socket对transport_registration_send,transport_registration_recv来传递的,这属于线程之间的通信。

首先初始化本地USB,监听本地usb的情况,如果有用于ADB的USB设备,则注册一个type为kTransportUsb的transport,

具体调用流程:usb_init->client_socket_thread出一个device_poll_thread线程,在device_poll_thread中:

    for (;;) { 
        sleep(5);
        kick_disconnected();
        scan_usb_devices();
    }
通过scan_usb_devices查找用于adb的usb设备

scan_usb_devices->check_device->register_device->register_usb_transport->init_usb_transport->register_transport

在init_usb_transport中,

void init_usb_transport(atransport *t, usb_handle *h, int state)
{   
    D("transport: usb\n");
    t->close = remote_close;
    t->kick = remote_kick;
    t->read_from_remote = remote_read;
    t->write_to_remote = remote_write;
    t->sync_token = 1;
    t->connection_state = state;
    t->type = kTransportUsb;
    t->usb = h;

#if ADB_HOST
    HOST = 1;
#else
    HOST = 0;
#endif  
}          
可以看到,不管在host端,还是在device端,都会去注册usb的transport


接着然后试图连接5555-55585之间的端口,这个时候如果已经有emulator在运行,即调用socket_network_client成功,则注册一个type为kTransportLocal的transport,

调用流程:local_init->adb_thread_create出一个client_socket_thread线程,在client_socket_thread中,尝试连接5555-55585的本地端口

client_socket_thread->socket_loopback_client

如果socket_loopback_client返回值大于0,说明已连接上emulator,

则调用:register_socket_transport->init_socket_transport->register_transport

在init_socket_transport中

int init_socket_transport(atransport *t, int s, int port, int local)
{       
    int  fail = 0;

    t->kick = remote_kick;
    t->close = remote_close;
    t->read_from_remote = remote_read;
    t->write_to_remote = remote_write;
    t->sfd = s;
    t->sync_token = 1;
    t->connection_state = CS_OFFLINE;
    t->type = kTransportLocal;
        
#if ADB_HOST
    if (HOST && local) {
        adb_mutex_lock( &local_transports_lock );
        { 
            int  index = (port - ADB_LOCAL_TRANSPORT_PORT)/2;
    
            if (!(port & 1) || index < 0 || index >= ADB_LOCAL_TRANSPORT_MAX) {
                D("bad local transport port number: %d\n", port);
                fail = -1;
            }
            else if (local_transports[index] != NULL) {
                D("local transport for port %d already registered (%p)?\n",
                port, local_transports[index]);
                fail = -1;
            }
            else
                local_transports[index] = t;
        }
        adb_mutex_unlock( &local_transports_lock );
    }
#endif
    return fail;
}

注意看ADB_HOST里面的东西,如果是在HOST端,则将transport添加到列表里面,因为adb device就是从这个列表里面读信息的。

再看register_transport,它将transport信息,一个tmsp的结构体,写入transport_registration_send

struct tmsg 
{
    atransport *transport;
    int         action;
};  

action为0表示移除该transport,1表示添加。

则接收端的描述符transport_registration_recv会收到对应的信息,它的处理回调函数是transport_registration_func,在transport_registration_func中,首先读取出待注册的transport的地址,在这里创建套接字对,一个是fd,负责从远端读入,或者写入远端。transport_socket负责跟本地(emulator或者device)交互,同时启动两个线程output_thread,调用read_from_remote从远端读入,还有input_thread,调用write_to_remote写入远端。

以output_thread为例,

    p = get_apacket();
    p->msg.command = A_SYNC;                                                  
    p->msg.arg0 = 1;
    p->msg.arg1 = ++(t->sync_token);
    p->msg.magic = A_SYNC ^ 0xffffffff;                                       
    if(write_packet(t->fd, &p)) {                                             
        put_apacket(p);
        D("from_remote: failed to write SYNC apacket to transport %p", t);    
        goto oops;                                                            
    }    

首先向fd写入一个包含A_SYNC命令的信息包,用于同步,transport_socket的处理回调函数transport_socket_events会执行,继而调用handle_packet处理信息包

    case A_SYNC:                                                              
        if(p->msg.arg0){                                                      
            send_packet(p, t);                                                
            if(HOST) send_connect(t);                                         
        } else {                                                              
            t->connection_state = CS_OFFLINE;                                 
            handle_offline(t);                                                
            send_packet(p, t);                                                
        }                                                                     
        return;    

handle_packet判断是A_SYNC同步命令,则同时将信息包发送给远端,并发送一个连接请求给远端,里面包含adb版本,最大载荷等信息。send_package讲信息包写回给transport_socket。

回过头来output_thread线程回收到这些信息包,并将这些包写入远端。


写的太深入了,回到adb_main函数,初始化完可能USB和emulator的transport之后,执行下面这段代码

    if(install_listener("tcp:5037", "*smartsocket*", NULL)) {
        exit(1);
    }

listener是一个很重要的概念,它绑定到一个本地端口,即local socket,负责与client通信(稍候将看到),并且创建一个连接到远端的remote socket,smartsocket是一个特殊的socket,它其实类似一个接线员的角色,它分析后看你要连接到哪个remote socket,然后帮你连上。注意这里的第三个参数NULL,因为接线员还来不及分析你的adb命令参数,不知道你要往哪个remote上连,所以这里为NULL,等分析好了,确定要连接那个remote socket,smartsocket的任务也完成了。

struct alistener
{
    alistener *next;
    alistener *prev;

    fdevent fde;
    int fd;

    const char *local_name;
    const char *connect_to;
    atransport *transport;
    adisconnect  disconnect;
};
在install_listener里面

    l->fd = local_name_to_fd(local_name);
    close_on_exec(l->fd);
    if(!strcmp(l->connect_to, "*smartsocket*")) {
        fdevent_install(&l->fde, l->fd, ss_listener_event_func, l);
    } 
这样,client来消息的时候,就可以调用ss_listener_event_func进行处理了。

接下来,adb_main执行下面代码,

    if (is_daemon)
    {
        // inform our parent that we are up and running.
#elif defined(HAVE_FORKEXEC)
        fprintf(stderr, "OK\n");
#endif
        start_logging();
    }
这段代码,告诉父进程adb server已经跑起来了,因此,往stderr里面写一个OK,还记得刚刚server已经将stderr重定向到fd[1]了,所以父进程能接收到这个OK消息。

接下来,server调用fdevent_loop进入事件循环。

    for(;;) {
        fdevent_process();
    
        while((fde = fdevent_plist_dequeue())) {
            unsigned events = fde->events;
            fde->events = 0;
            fde->state &= (~FDE_PENDING);
            dump_fde(fde, "callback");
            fde->func(fde->fd, events, fde->arg);
        }
    }
因此adb是事件驱动型,所有的事件调用fdevent_register进行注册,该函数讲事件保存到全局事件数组fd_table里面,

struct fdevent
{
    fdevent *next;
    fdevent *prev;

    int fd;
    unsigned short state;
    unsigned short events;

    fd_func func;
    void *arg;
};

如果有相关事件的到达则调用fun进行处理。


adb_main,即server已经启动完成,再回到client的adb_commandline函数,我们继续adb device命令的解析,

    if(!strcmp(argv[0], "devices")) {
        char *tmp;
        snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "host:%s", argv[0]);
        tmp = adb_query(buf);
        if(tmp) {
            printf("List of devices attached \n");
            printf("%s\n", tmp);
            return 0;
        } else {
            return 1;
        }
    }

它调用adb_query函数,参数是"host:devices“,它表示需要发往server的请求,这些请求分两种query型和command型,分别调用adb_query和adb_command

char *adb_query(const char *service)
{       
    char buf[5];
    unsigned n;
    char *tmp;

    D("adb_query: %s\n", service); 
    int fd = adb_connect(service);

    if(readx(fd, buf, 4)) goto oops;

    if(readx(fd, tmp, n) == 0) {

    }
}

可以看到,它连接到server,返回一个描述符,然后直接从该描述符里面读取结果就可以了。看起来很简单,adb_connect把下面很复杂的东西都包装起来了。

adb_connect包装了_adb_connect函数,包装了一些adb server是否已经成功启动,查询adb server版本信息的工作,在_adb_connect中

调用socket_loopback_client(ADB_PORT, SOCK_STREAM);尝试连接ADB_PORT,也就是5037,记住刚才adb server已经调用socket_loopback_server(port, SOCK_STREAM);这样,client和service之间就可以开始通信了。请求信息“host:devices”将写入adb server,来看adb server的处理函数ss_listener_event_func

ss_listener_event_func创建一个local socket读取该信息,

        fd = adb_socket_accept(_fd, &addr, &alen);
        if(fd < 0) return;

        adb_socket_setbufsize(fd, CHUNK_SIZE);

        s = create_local_socket(fd);
        if(s) {
            connect_to_smartsocket(s);
            return;
        }

先看create_local_socket,这个socket负责与client通信,回调处理函数是local_socket_event_func。

asocket *create_local_socket(int fd)
{       
    asocket *s = calloc(1, sizeof(asocket));
    if(s == 0) fatal("cannot allocate socket");
    install_local_socket(s);
    s->fd = fd;
    s->enqueue = local_socket_enqueue;
    s->ready = local_socket_ready;
    s->close = local_socket_close;
        
    fdevent_install(&s->fde, fd, local_socket_event_func, s);
    return s;
}

也就是由local_socket_event_func来读取“host:devices”串,然后调用s->peer->enqueue(s->peer, p);交给对断处理。

那local socket的对端是谁,看connect_to_smartsocket

void connect_to_smartsocket(asocket *s)
{
    D("Connecting to smart socket \n");
    asocket *ss = create_smart_socket(smart_socket_action);
    s->peer = ss;
    ss->peer = s;
    s->ready(s);
}

这里明白了local socket的对端就是smart socket(remote socket的一种),与local socket交互。

asocket *create_smart_socket(void (*action_cb)(asocket *s, const char *act))
{       
    asocket *s = calloc(1, sizeof(asocket));
    if(s == 0) fatal("cannot allocate socket");
    s->id = 0;
    s->enqueue = smart_socket_enqueue;
    s->ready = smart_socket_ready;
    s->close = smart_socket_close;
    s->extra = action_cb;

    return s; 
}   


这两个socket结对以后,调用local socket的ready回调函数,也就是local_socket_ready

static void local_socket_ready(asocket *s)
{
    fdevent_add(&s->fde, FDE_READ);
}
意思是说,我(local socket)已经准备好接收你smart socket发过来的数据了。

那local socket调用的s->peer->enqueue(s->peer, p);就是smart_socket_enqueue

在smart_socket_enqueue中,将刚刚读取到的package插入到package列表中,然后解析service,即发过来的“host:devices”

#if ADB_HOST
    service = (char *)p->data + 4;
    if(!strncmp(service, "host-serial:", strlen("host-serial:"))) {
        char* serial_end;
        service += strlen("host-serial:");

        // serial number should follow "host:"
        serial_end = strchr(service, ':');
        if (serial_end) {
            *serial_end = 0; // terminate string
            serial = service;
            service = serial_end + 1;
        }
    } else if (!strncmp(service, "host-usb:", strlen("host-usb:"))) {
        ttype = kTransportUsb;
        service += strlen("host-usb:");
    } else if (!strncmp(service, "host-local:", strlen("host-local:"))) {
        ttype = kTransportLocal;
        service += strlen("host-local:");
    } else if (!strncmp(service, "host:", strlen("host:"))) {
        ttype = kTransportAny;
        service += strlen("host:");
    } else {
        service = NULL;
    }
这里将client发过来的请求,跟去前缀转化为各种transport type,接着解析具体的service名称,接着,调用handle_host_request处理一些可以立即响应的消息,然后直接返回(adb devices请求就是属于这一种),,否则调用create_host_service_socket创建另外一个service socket作为local service的对段,而smart socket就没什么事了,可以关闭了,如下代码。

        s2 = create_host_service_socket(service, serial);
        if(s2 == 0) {
            D( "SS(%d): couldn't create host service '%s'\n", s->id, service );
            sendfailmsg(s->peer->fd, "unknown host service");
            goto fail;
        }

        adb_write(s->peer->fd, "OKAY", 4);

        s->peer->ready = local_socket_ready;
        s->peer->close = local_socket_close;
        s->peer->peer = s2;
        s2->peer = s->peer;
        s->peer = 0;
        D( "SS(%d): okay\n", s->id );
        s->close(s);

先来看可以用handle_host_request的部分,处理devices部分请求的代码如下

    // return a list of all connected devices
    if (!strcmp(service, "devices")) {
        char buffer[4096];
        memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
        memset(buffer, 0, sizeof(buffer));
        D("Getting device list \n");
        list_transports(buffer, sizeof(buffer));
        snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "OKAY%04x%s",(unsigned)strlen(buffer),buffer);
        D("Wrote device list \n");
        writex(reply_fd, buf, strlen(buf));
        return 0;
    }

它讲transport列表里面的信息读取出来,然后写入reply_fd里面,其实这里猜也猜到了,它就是local socket的fd,也就是将信息写入port5037里面,这样我们的client端就能将当前连接的设备信息打印到屏幕上了。

整个过程的如下,

                               ___________________________________
                               |                                                                                |
                               |                          ADB Server (host)                      |
                               |                                                                                 |
        Client   <-------> LocalSocket <-------------> RemoteSocket   |
                               |                                                              ^^                |
                               |___________________________||_______|
                                                                                               ||

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