pthread_cond
条件变量 pthread_cond, 另外一种线程间的同步机制。普通的 mutex 只允许一个线程进入临界区,就是拿到mutex这把锁的线程,而cond 允许多个线程同时进入临界区,由它来控制,在某些条件成立的时候,来唤醒其中一个等待着的线程,或者是唤醒所有等待着的线程。
int pthread_cond_wait(pthread_cond_t* cond, pthread_mutex_t* mutex);
int pthread_cond_timewait(pthread_cond_t* cond, pthread_mutex_t* mutex, const struct timespec* tout)
传递给pthrad_cond_wait 的互斥量 mutex 对条件进行保护,调用者把锁住的互斥量传递给pthread_cond_wait 函数,函数把调用线程放到等待条件的线程列表里面,然后对互斥量解锁,当pthread_cond_wait 返回的时候,互斥量再次被锁住。函数 pthread_cond_timewait 与 pthread_cond_wait 差不多,只不过是多了一个超时时间的限制。
两个函数调用成功返回的时候,需要重新检查条件,因为其他线程可能更改了条件。
int pthread_cond_signal(pthread_cond_t* cond);
int pthread_cond_broadcast(pthread_cond_t* cond);
pthread_cond_signal 函数将唤醒等待该条件的某个线程,pthread_cond_broadcast 将唤醒等待改条件的所有线程。
下面的例子很简单的使用了 cond 。 使用cond 我们可以比较高效的写出一个 线程池。
输出:
int pthread_cond_wait(pthread_cond_t* cond, pthread_mutex_t* mutex);
int pthread_cond_timewait(pthread_cond_t* cond, pthread_mutex_t* mutex, const struct timespec* tout)
传递给pthrad_cond_wait 的互斥量 mutex 对条件进行保护,调用者把锁住的互斥量传递给pthread_cond_wait 函数,函数把调用线程放到等待条件的线程列表里面,然后对互斥量解锁,当pthread_cond_wait 返回的时候,互斥量再次被锁住。函数 pthread_cond_timewait 与 pthread_cond_wait 差不多,只不过是多了一个超时时间的限制。
两个函数调用成功返回的时候,需要重新检查条件,因为其他线程可能更改了条件。
int pthread_cond_signal(pthread_cond_t* cond);
int pthread_cond_broadcast(pthread_cond_t* cond);
pthread_cond_signal 函数将唤醒等待该条件的某个线程,pthread_cond_broadcast 将唤醒等待改条件的所有线程。
下面的例子很简单的使用了 cond 。 使用cond 我们可以比较高效的写出一个 线程池。
1
#include
<
pthread.h
>
2 #include < unistd.h >
3 #include < stdio.h >
4 pthread_mutex_t mutex;
5 pthread_cond_t cond;
6 int val = 0 ;
7 void * thread_zero_run( void * arg){
8 while ( true ){
9 pthread_mutex_lock( & mutex); // lock the mutex
10 while (val <= 2 ){ // condition. use while for double check
11 printf( " thread_zero_run --> val:%d, wait for wake up\n " , val);
12 pthread_cond_wait( & cond, & mutex); // call pthread_cond_wait
13 }
14 printf( " therad_zero_run --> val:%d, zero it and unlock\n " , val);
15 val = 0 ; // do sth
16 pthread_mutex_unlock( & mutex); // unlock the mutex
17 }
18 pthread_exit(( void * ) 0 );
19 }
20 void * thread_add_run( void * arg){
21 while ( true ){
22 pthread_mutex_lock( & mutex); // lock the mutex
23 ++ val; // do sth
24 pthread_mutex_unlock( & mutex); // unlock the mutex
25 pthread_cond_signal( & cond); // wake up a therad whick is waiting for the cond
26 printf( " after add val:%d and wake up one zero thread for check\n " , val);
27 sleep( 1 );
28 }
29 pthread_exit(( void * ) 0 );
30 }
31 int main(){
32 pthread_t t_add, t_zero;
33 pthread_cond_init( & cond, NULL);
34 if (pthread_create( & t_add, NULL, thread_add_run, NULL)){
35 return 0 ;
36 }
37 if (pthread_create( & t_zero, NULL, thread_zero_run, NULL)){
38 return 0 ;
39 }
40 pthread_join(t_add, NULL);
41 pthread_join(t_zero, NULL);
42 return 0 ;
43 }
44
2 #include < unistd.h >
3 #include < stdio.h >
4 pthread_mutex_t mutex;
5 pthread_cond_t cond;
6 int val = 0 ;
7 void * thread_zero_run( void * arg){
8 while ( true ){
9 pthread_mutex_lock( & mutex); // lock the mutex
10 while (val <= 2 ){ // condition. use while for double check
11 printf( " thread_zero_run --> val:%d, wait for wake up\n " , val);
12 pthread_cond_wait( & cond, & mutex); // call pthread_cond_wait
13 }
14 printf( " therad_zero_run --> val:%d, zero it and unlock\n " , val);
15 val = 0 ; // do sth
16 pthread_mutex_unlock( & mutex); // unlock the mutex
17 }
18 pthread_exit(( void * ) 0 );
19 }
20 void * thread_add_run( void * arg){
21 while ( true ){
22 pthread_mutex_lock( & mutex); // lock the mutex
23 ++ val; // do sth
24 pthread_mutex_unlock( & mutex); // unlock the mutex
25 pthread_cond_signal( & cond); // wake up a therad whick is waiting for the cond
26 printf( " after add val:%d and wake up one zero thread for check\n " , val);
27 sleep( 1 );
28 }
29 pthread_exit(( void * ) 0 );
30 }
31 int main(){
32 pthread_t t_add, t_zero;
33 pthread_cond_init( & cond, NULL);
34 if (pthread_create( & t_add, NULL, thread_add_run, NULL)){
35 return 0 ;
36 }
37 if (pthread_create( & t_zero, NULL, thread_zero_run, NULL)){
38 return 0 ;
39 }
40 pthread_join(t_add, NULL);
41 pthread_join(t_zero, NULL);
42 return 0 ;
43 }
44
输出:
1
after add val:
1
and wake up one zero thread
for
check
2 thread_zero_run --> val: 1 , wait for wake up
3 after add val: 2 and wake up one zero thread for check
4 thread_zero_run --> val: 2 , wait for wake up
5 after add val: 3 and wake up one zero thread for check
6 therad_zero_run --> val: 3 , zero it and unlock
7 thread_zero_run --> val: 0 , wait for wake up
8 after add val: 1 and wake up one zero thread for check
9 thread_zero_run --> val: 1 , wait for wake up
10 after add val: 2 and wake up one zero thread for check
11 thread_zero_run --> val: 2 , wait for wake up
12 after add val: 3 and wake up one zero thread for check
13 therad_zero_run --> val: 3 , zero it and unlock
14 thread_zero_run --> val: 0 , wait for wake up
15 after add val: 1 and wake up one zero thread for check
16 thread_zero_run --> val: 1 , wait for wake up
17 after add val: 2 and wake up one zero thread for check
18 thread_zero_run --> val: 2 , wait for wake up
19 after add val: 3 and wake up one zero thread for check
20 therad_zero_run --> val: 3 , zero it and unlock
21 thread_zero_run --> val: 0 , wait for wake up
22 ^ C
2 thread_zero_run --> val: 1 , wait for wake up
3 after add val: 2 and wake up one zero thread for check
4 thread_zero_run --> val: 2 , wait for wake up
5 after add val: 3 and wake up one zero thread for check
6 therad_zero_run --> val: 3 , zero it and unlock
7 thread_zero_run --> val: 0 , wait for wake up
8 after add val: 1 and wake up one zero thread for check
9 thread_zero_run --> val: 1 , wait for wake up
10 after add val: 2 and wake up one zero thread for check
11 thread_zero_run --> val: 2 , wait for wake up
12 after add val: 3 and wake up one zero thread for check
13 therad_zero_run --> val: 3 , zero it and unlock
14 thread_zero_run --> val: 0 , wait for wake up
15 after add val: 1 and wake up one zero thread for check
16 thread_zero_run --> val: 1 , wait for wake up
17 after add val: 2 and wake up one zero thread for check
18 thread_zero_run --> val: 2 , wait for wake up
19 after add val: 3 and wake up one zero thread for check
20 therad_zero_run --> val: 3 , zero it and unlock
21 thread_zero_run --> val: 0 , wait for wake up
22 ^ C