Java图形界面设计——substance皮肤
先看一段代码吧。
public class LAF_Local_1 extends javax.swing.JFrame {
public LAF_Local_1() {
super("透明窗体");
this.setLayout(new java.awt.FlowLayout());
this.add(new javax.swing.JButton("按钮"));
this.add(new javax.swing.JCheckBox("复选按钮"));
this.add(new javax.swing.JRadioButton("单选按钮"));
this.add(new javax.swing.JProgressBar(20, 100));
this.setSize(new java.awt.Dimension(400, 300));
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(javax.swing.JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
javax.swing.JFrame.setDefaultLookAndFeelDecorated(true);
javax.swing.SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
java.awt.Window w = new LAF_Local_1();
w.setVisible(true);
com.sun.awt.AWTUtilities.setWindowShape(w,
new java.awt.geom.Ellipse2D.Double(0, 0,
w.getWidth(), w.getHeight()));
com.sun.awt.AWTUtilities.setWindowOpacity(w, 0.6f);
}
});
}
}
先说可能遇到的问题：“com.sun.awt.AWTUtilities.setWindowOpacity(w, 0.6f);”此行代码会报错“Access restriction: The type AWTUtilities is not accessible due to restriction on required library D:\Program Files\jdk1.6.0_24\jre\lib\rt.jar”，而解决的方法也很怪异，要在要在project build path中先移除JRE System Library，再添加库JRE System Library，之后就可以了。类似的问题也可以如此解决。还试过强行运行程序，也没问题。而project build path在哪，下面在介绍添加第三方jar包时，你就能看到它。
在上面的代码中，没用到第三方的jar包，只是掉用几个比较偏的方法也可玩点花样。
javax.swing.JFrame.setDefaultLookAndFeelDecorated(true);这一语句具体意思我还说不清楚，可查看AIP文档。加上此语句，界面看上去很不顺眼，难看。
com.sun.awt.AWTUtilities.setWindowShape(w, new java.awt.geom.Ellipse2D.Double(0, 0, w.getWidth(), w.getHeight()));没有解释，但从方法名及效果上看可知此语句能改变窗体的形状，前提是必须加上上面那句语句。为啥，不知道。
com.sun.awt.AWTUtilities.setWindowOpacity(w, 0.6f);添加此语句可改变窗体的透明度。第二个参数的赋值范围是0.0f~1.0f，数值越小，窗体透明度越高。
Swing中还自带了一款皮肤，看上去还蛮顺眼的。将上一段代码中的main方法改一下：
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
javax.swing.UIManager.setLookAndFeel("com.sun.java.swing.plaf.windows.WindowsLookAndFeel");
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InstantiationException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (javax.swing.UnsupportedLookAndFeelException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
javax.swing.SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
java.awt.Window w = new LAF_Local_1();
w.setVisible(true);
com.sun.awt.AWTUtilities.setWindowOpacity(w, 0.6f);
}
});
}
此款皮肤支持上面提到的改变窗体透明度的方法，不支持上面的改变窗体形状的方法。至于能否满足要求，因人而异喽。接下来将介绍一款第三方的皮肤库：substance.jar。
不同版本的substance皮肤库其皮肤的样式及所在目录可能会不同。我用的是5.2版本的。其所有皮肤都再org.jvnet.substance.skin目录下，皮肤样式类名如下：
- AutumnSkin
- BusinessSkin
- BusinessBlackSteelSkin
- BusinessBlueSteelSkin
- ChallengerDeepSkin
- CremeCoffeeSkin
- CremeSkin
- DustCoffeeSkin
- DustSkin
- EmeraldDuskSkin
- MagmaSkin
- MistAquaSkin
- MistSilverSkin
- ModerateSkin
- NebulaBrickWallSkin
- NebulaSkin
- OfficeBlue2007Skin
- OfficeSilver2007Skin
- RavenGraphiteGlassSkin
- RavenGraphiteSkin
- RavenSkin
- SaharaSkin
- TwilightSkin
- /---------------------------------------------/
- SubstanceAutumnLookAndFeel
- SubstanceBusinessBlackSteelLookAndFeel
- SubstanceBusinessBlueSteelLookAndFeel
- SubstanceBusinessLookAndFeel
- SubstanceChallengerDeepLookAndFeel
- SubstanceCremeCoffeeLookAndFeel
- SubstanceCremeLookAndFeel
- SubstanceDustCoffeeLookAndFeel
- SubstanceDustLookAndFeel
- SubstanceEmeraldDuskLookAndFeel
- SubstanceMagmaLookAndFeel
- SubstanceMistAquaLookAndFeel
- SubstanceMistSilverLookAndFeel
- SubstanceModerateLookAndFeel
- SubstanceNebulaBrickWallLookAndFeel
- SubstanceNebulaLookAndFeel
- SubstanceOfficeBlue2007LookAndFeel
- SubstanceOfficeSilver2007LookAndFeel
- SubstanceRavenGraphiteGlassLookAndFeel
- SubstanceRavenGraphiteLookAndFeel
- SubstanceRavenLookAndFeel
- SubstanceSaharaLookAndFeel
- SubstanceTwilightLookAndFee
- /----------------------------------------------/
- SubstanceCrosshatchWatermark
- SubstanceImageWatermark
- SubstanceNoiseWatermark
- SubstanceNullWatermark
- SubstancePlanktonWatermark
- SubstanceStripeWatermark
- SubstanceWatermarkl
以上水印还有待测试
使用substance的方法有多种；以下介绍两种：
/---------------------------1---------------------------/：
将上面例子中的main函数做一下改变
public static void main(String[] args) {
JFrame.setDefaultLookAndFeelDecorated(true); //加上此语句连同窗体外框也改变
JDialog.setDefaultLookAndFeelDecorated(true); //加上此语句会使弹出的对话框也改变
try {
//新建一个图片水印，路径可以自己该，使用自己喜欢的图片来做应用程序的水印图片,貌似图片要在src子目录下
SubstanceImageWatermark watermark = new SubstanceImageWatermark(LAF_Local_4.class.getResourceAsStream("001.bmp"));
watermark.setKind(ImageWatermarkKind.APP_CENTER);
watermark.setOpacity((float) 0.7); //更改水印透明度
UIManager.setLookAndFeel(new SubstanceOfficeBlue2007LookAndFeel());
// UIManager.setLookAndFeel(new SubstanceCremeLookAndFeel());
//可根据根据外观类型，设置相应的皮肤，实践证实不一定需要一一对应
// SubstanceSkin skin = new OfficeBlue2007Skin().withWatermark(watermark);
SubstanceSkin skin = new CremeSkin().withWatermark(watermark);
//此语句设置外观
SubstanceLookAndFeel.setSkin(skin);
} catch (UnsupportedLookAndFeelException ex) {
Logger.getLogger(LAF_Local_4.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
}
java.awt.EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
LAF_Local_4 text = new LAF_Local_4();//实例化窗体对象
text.setVisible(true);
}
});
}
/------------------2--------------------/:
public static void main(String[] args) {
JFrame.setDefaultLookAndFeelDecorated(true);
JDialog.setDefaultLookAndFeelDecorated(true);
SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
SubstanceImageWatermark watermark = new SubstanceImageWatermark(LAF_Local_4.class.getResourceAsStream("001.bmp"));
watermark.setKind(ImageWatermarkKind.APP_CENTER);
watermark.setOpacity((float) 0.7);
SubstanceLookAndFeel.setSkin(new OfficeBlue2007Skin().withWatermark(watermark));
try {
new LAF_Local_3().setVisible(true);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
});
}
在用上面的代码之前，应将substance.jar包导入工程中，注意是工程中。可以在src的同根目录下新建一个lib文件夹，将substance.jar包放入其中。右击工程，在弹出菜单的最下面一行有个Properties选项，左击该选项，在弹出的对话框的左面板有个Java Build Path的选项，左击该选项，此时对话框右面板变更，在对话框的最右边的面板有个Add Jar选项，将substance导入，接下来确定即可。
本人对Substance的了解有限，只能做些表面功夫。而一个好的界面仅有皮肤是不够的，内容及其布局的安排才是真功夫，所以本人觉得界面的美化，还需要加深对布局管理器、面板的了解，这有这样才能做出好看而实用的界面。另外使用第三方的jar包美化界面会出现bug，如：本人在做连连看时用到了substance.jar包，当改变Jtable中的数据时，其框架大小就会初始化，需要将相关值重新设置，这或许就是使用它的代价吧。