CentOS下oracle11gR2静默安装

步骤：
1、上传oracle安装包
linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

2、检查依赖库

rpm -q binutils | grep "not installed"
rpm -q compat-libstdc++-33 | grep "not installed"
rpm -q elfutils-libelf | grep "not installed"
rpm -q elfutils-libelf-devel | grep "not installed"
rpm -q expat | grep "not installed"
rpm -q gcc | grep "not installed"
rpm -q gcc -c++ | grep "not installed"
rpm -q binutils | grep "not installed"
rpm -q glibc | grep "not installed"
rpm -q glibc-common | grep "not installed"
rpm -q glibc-devel | grep "not installed"
rpm -q glibc-headers | grep "not installed"
rpm -q libaio | grep "not installed"
rpm -q libaio-devel | grep "not installed"
rpm -q libgcc | grep "not installed"
rpm -q libstdc++ | grep "not installed"
rpm -q libstdc++-devel | grep "not installed"
rpm -q make | grep "not installed"
rpm -q pdksh | grep "not installed"
rpm -q sysstat | grep "not installed"
rpm -q binutils | grep "not installed"
rpm -q unixODBC | grep "not installed"
rpm -q unixODBC-devel | grep "not installed"

若出现哪些依赖库没有安装，使用”yum install [依赖库]“进行安装

一般缺少依赖包： 

    compat-libstdc++-33

    elfutils-libelf-devel

    libaio-devel

    pdksh

    unixODBC

    unixODBC-devel

    pdksh可能安装不了，需另外单独下载，传到服务器上，加上执行权限，进行安装

 

chmod 777 pdksh-5.2.14-37.el5_8.1.x86_64.rpm 

 

 

rpm -ivh pdksh-5.2.14-37.el5_8.1.x86_64.rpm

   下载pdksh,地址：http://vdisk.weibo.com/s/uqs9yi2YuoqLL?from=page_100505_profile&wvr=6

 

 

3、创建用户和用户组

groupadd oinstall
groupadd dba
groupadd asmadmin
groupadd asmdba
useradd -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba oracle -d /home/oracle
passwd oracle

4、为oracle设置内核参数

vi /etc/sysctl .conf

# 在底部追加以下内容
net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1
fs. file -max = 6815744
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
# 使配置立即生效
sysctl -p

vi /etc/security/limits .conf
# 在底部追加以下内容
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536

5、新建oracle目录

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/
chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01

6、设置oracle环境变量

vi .bash_profile
export PATHTH=$PATH:HOME /bin
export ORACLE_BASE= /u01
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE /oracle
export ORACLE_SID=LED
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME /bin :$ORACLE_HOME /Apache/Apache/bin
# export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
# export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:ORACLE_HOME/lib
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8
# export ORA_NLS10=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/data
unset USERNAME
umask 022

7、解压缩oracle安装文件

su - root
mv linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip /home/oracle/linux .x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
mv linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip /home/oracle/linux .x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
cd /home/oracle
chmod 777 *.zip
su - oracle
unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip -d /u01
unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip -d /u01
cd /u01/database
export DISTRIB=` pwd `

8、修改数据库安装响应文件

cd /u01/database/response
vi db_install.rsp

# 需要更改的参数，其他尽量不要更改，若非要更改请了解参数含义
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION= /u01/app/oracle/oraInventory
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN,zh_TW
ORACLE_HOME= /u01/app/oracle/product/11 .2.0 /dbhome_1
ORACLE_BASE= /u01/app/oracle
oracle. install .db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle. install .db.isCustomInstall= true
oracle. install .db.DBA_GROUP=dba
oracle. install .db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall

9、调整swap空间大小

su - root
# 查看swap大小
free -m
# 增加交换分区文件及大小，如果要增加2G大小的交换分区，则命令写法如下，其中的 count 等于想要的块大小。
dd if = /dev/zero of= /home/swap bs=1024 count=2048000
# 设置交换文件
mkswap /home/swap
# 立即启用交换分区文件
swapon /home/swap
# 如果要在引导时自动启用，则编辑 /etc/fstab 文件，添加行
/home/swap swap swap defaults 0 0

10、开始静默安装

su - oracle
cd /u01/database
. /runInstaller -silent -force -responseFile /u01/database/response/db_install .rsp

# 安装成功会出现
[oracle@iZ94dzd0zvxZ database]$ The following configuration scripts need to be executed as the "root" user.
#!/bin/sh
#Root scripts to run
/u01/oraInventory/orainstRoot .sh
/u01/oracle/root .sh
To execute the configuration scripts:
         1. Open a terminal window
         2. Log in as "root"
         3. Run the scripts
         4. Return to this window and hit "Enter" key to continue
Successfully Setup Software.

这一步操作最容易出错，在执行安装脚本时就会报错，经反复测试，只要保证以下规律就能出现”Successfully Setup Software“，
在执行此步操作时，最好再次执行下以下命令:

cd /u01/database
export DISTRIB=` pwd `

oracle静默安装时会需找此变量，另外附加个安装成功的db_install.rsp的响应文件，点击下载

11、在root用户下运行脚本

cd /u01/oraInventory/
. /orainstRoot .sh
cd /u01/oracle/
. /root .sh

12、静默配置监听

# 切换到oracle用户
su - oracle
# 执行监听的响应文件安装
$ORACLE_HOME /bin/netca /silent /responsefile /u01/database/response/netca .rsp
# 查看是否已经生成listener.ora和sqlnet.ora监听文件
ll $ORACLE_HOME /network/admin/ *.ora
# 检查监听启动状态
lsnrctl status

13、静默建库

vi /u01/database/response/dbca .rsp

#以下参数必须设置
[CREATEDATABASE]
GDBNAME = "ORCL.LK"
TEMPLATENAME = "General_Purpose.dbc"
#以下参数不设置则使用默认值,建议设置
CHARACTERSET = "utf8"
TOTALMEMORY = "1024"

执行静默安装

$ORACLE_HOME /bin/dbca -silent -responseFile /u01/database/response/dbca .rsp
Enter SYS user password:
Enter SYSTEM user password:

由于没有更改dbca.rsp文件中的SYS和SYSTEM的密码，所以oracle缺省密码分别为chang_on_install和manager

14、检查建库实列

ps -ef | grep ora_ | grep - v grep | wc -l
ps -ef | grep ora_ | grep - v grep

监听、进程正常，启动成功。关于创建用户、表空间和分配权限，请点击。

创建Oracle表空间，临时表空间，用户名

 

CREATE SMALLFILE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TQBAY_TEMP TEMPFILE '/bosyun/u01/oradata/orcl11g/TQBAY_TEMP' SIZE 2048M AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 512M MAXSIZE UNLIMITED EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL UNIFORM SIZE 1M;
   
CREATE SMALLFILE TABLESPACE TQBAY_DATA DATAFILE '/bosyun/u01/oradata/orcl11g/TQBAY_DATA' SIZE 2048M AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 512M MAXSIZE UNLIMITED LOGGING EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT AUTO;
   
CREATE USER 用户名 PROFILE "DEFAULT" IDENTIFIED BY 密码 DEFAULT TABLESPACE TQBAY_DATA TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TQBAY_TEMP ACCOUNT UNLOCK;
   
GRANT CONNECT TO 用户名 WITH ADMIN OPTION;
GRANT DBA TO 用户名;
GRANT RESOURCE TO 用户名;

 

 

 

FAQ:

FAQ1：[FATAL] [INS-13013] Target environment do not meet some mandatory requirements

解决安装是：安装命令中加入选项-ignorePrereq

 

FAQ2: LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/home/oracle/oracle10g/dbs/initoms

今天连接Oracle数据库的时候，发现数据没启动，利用startup命令，出现错误提示如下：

SQL> startup

ORA-01078: failure in processing system   parameters

LRM-00109: could not open parameter file   '/oracle/10g/dbs/init10g.ora'

 

按提示查找相关目录的文件，果然不存在。

到网上查了一下资料。得到如果有用信息：是因为在oracle10g中，oracle默认将使用spfile启动数据库，如果spfile不存在，则就会出现上述错误。

解决方法：

将$ORACLE_BASE/admin/你的数据库名称/pfile/init.ora.628201264542（这串数字未必一样）

copy到$ORACLE_HOME/dbs目录下，并改名为你的数据库实例名即可。

例如：上面提示找不到init10g.ora这个文件，就改成 init10g.ora

参考命令：

export $ORACLE_HOME --输出使用中的环境变量Home

cat /home/oracle/.bash_profile --或.bashrc文件，务必确定$ORACLE_HOME的值与当前使用的一致

（我就遇到过不一致的）

mv $ORACLE_BASE/admin/orcl/pfile/init.ora.628201264542 /oracle/10g/dbs/init10g.ora  

--复制文件到指定目录

sqlplus "/as sysdba"

startup

 搞定！

 

FAQ3: SQL> shutdown immediate;

           ORA-01507: database not mounted

[oracle@iZ286r3394hZ orcl11g]$ ps -ef | grep oracle
oracle   29729     1  0 10:17 ?        00:00:00 /bosyun/u01/app/oracle/bin/tnsl
nr LISTENER -inherit
root     30074 30038  0 10:34 pts/0    00:00:00 su - oracle
oracle   30075 30074  0 10:34 pts/0    00:00:00 -bash
oracle   30831     1  0 10:37 ?        00:00:00 ora_pmon_orcl11g
oracle   30833     1  0 10:37 ?        00:00:01 ora_vktm_orcl11g
oracle   30837     1  0 10:37 ?        00:00:00 ora_gen0_orcl11g
oracle   30839     1  0 10:37 ?        00:00:00 ora_diag_orcl11g
oracle   30841     1  0 10:37 ?        00:00:00 ora_dbrm_orcl11g
oracle   30843     1  0 10:37 ?        00:00:00 ora_psp0_orcl11g
oracle   30845     1  0 10:37 ?        00:00:00 ora_dia0_orcl11g
oracle   30847     1  0 10:37 ?        00:00:00 ora_mman_orcl11g
oracle   30849     1  0 10:37 ?        00:00:00 ora_dbw0_orcl11g
oracle   30851     1  0 10:37 ?        00:00:00 ora_lgwr_orcl11g
oracle   30853     1  0 10:37 ?        00:00:00 ora_ckpt_orcl11g
oracle   30855     1  0 10:37 ?        00:00:00 ora_smon_orcl11g
oracle   30857     1  0 10:37 ?        00:00:00 ora_reco_orcl11g
oracle   30859     1  0 10:37 ?        00:00:00 ora_mmon_orcl11g
oracle   30861     1  0 10:37 ?        00:00:00 ora_mmnl_orcl11g
oracle   30863     1  0 10:37 ?        00:00:00 ora_d000_orcl11g
oracle   30865     1  0 10:37 ?        00:00:00 ora_s000_orcl11g
oracle   30971     1  0 10:37 ?        00:00:00 ora_qmnc_orcl11g
oracle   30986     1  0 10:37 ?        00:00:00 ora_cjq0_orcl11g
oracle   30988     1  0 10:37 ?        00:00:00 ora_q000_orcl11g
oracle   30990     1  0 10:37 ?        00:00:00 ora_q001_orcl11g
oracle   31041     1  0 10:47 ?        00:00:00 ora_smco_orcl11g
oracle   31043     1  0 10:47 ?        00:00:00 ora_w000_orcl11g
oracle   31285 30075  0 10:56 pts/0    00:00:00 ps -ef
oracle   31286 30075  0 10:56 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto oracle

[oracle@iZ286r3394hZ orcl11g]$ kill -9 30831
[oracle@iZ286r3394hZ orcl11g]$ ps -ef | grep oracle
oracle   29729     1  0 10:17 ?        00:00:00 /bosyun/u01/app/oracle/bin/tnsls
nr LISTENER -inherit
root     30074 30038  0 10:34 pts/0    00:00:00 su - oracle
oracle   30075 30074  0 10:34 pts/0    00:00:00 -bash
oracle   31293 30075  0 10:57 pts/0    00:00:00 ps -ef
oracle   31294 30075  0 10:57 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto oracle

[oracle@iZ286r3394hZ orcl11g]$ ipcs -s

------ Semaphore Arrays --------
key        semid      owner      perms      nsems

[oracle@iZ286r3394hZ orcl11g]$ ipcs -mp

------ Shared Memory Creator/Last-op PIDs --------
shmid      owner      cpid       lpid

[oracle@iZ286r3394hZ orcl11g]$ ps -ef | grep ora_
oracle   31300 30075  0 10:58 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto ora_
[oracle@iZ286r3394hZ orcl11g]$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL> connect / as sysdba
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1068937216 bytes
Fixed Size                  2220200 bytes
Variable Size             616566616 bytes
Database Buffers          444596224 bytes
Redo Buffers                5554176 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.