C++中当 vector 中的数据类型为基本类型时我们调用std::sort函数很容易实现 vector中数据成员的升序和降序排序,然而当vector中的数据类型为自定义结构体类型时,我们该怎样实现升序与降序排列呢?
方法1:重载运算符
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <functional>
using namespace std;
struct TItem
{
int m_i32Type;
int m_i32ID;
bool operator <(const TItem& rhs) const // 升序排序时必须写的函数
{
return m_i32Type < rhs.m_i32Type;
}
bool operator >(const TItem& rhs) const // 降序排序时必须写的函数
{
return m_i32Type > rhs.m_i32Type;
}
};
int main()
{
vector<TItem> stItemVec;
TItem stItem1;
stItem1.m_i32Type = 1;
stItem1.m_i32ID = 1;
TItem stItem2;
stItem2.m_i32Type = 2;
stItem2.m_i32ID = 2;
TItem stItem3;
stItem3.m_i32Type = 3;
stItem3.m_i32ID = 3;
TItem stItem4;
stItem4.m_i32Type = 2;
stItem4.m_i32ID = 4;
stItemVec.push_back(stItem1);
stItemVec.push_back(stItem2);
stItemVec.push_back(stItem3);
stItemVec.push_back(stItem4);
// 升序排序
sort(stItemVec.begin(), stItemVec.end(), less<TItem>());
// 或者sort(ctn.begin(), ctn.end()); 默认情况为升序
for (size_t i = 0; i < stItemVec.size(); i++)
printf("type: %d, id: %d\n", stItemVec[i].m_i32Type, stItemVec[i].m_i32ID);
printf("--\n");
// 降序排序
sort(stItemVec.begin(), stItemVec.end(), greater<TItem>());
for (size_t i = 0; i < stItemVec.size(); i++)
printf("type: %d, id: %d\n", stItemVec[i].m_i32Type, stItemVec[i].m_i32ID);
return 0;
}
方法2:全局的比较函数
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <functional>
using namespace std;
struct TItem
{
int m_i32Type;
int m_i32ID;
};
bool lessmark(const TItem& stItem1, const TItem& stItem2)
{
return stItem1.m_i32Type < stItem2.m_i32Type;
}
bool greatermark(const TItem& stItem1, const TItem& stItem2)
{
return stItem1.m_i32Type > stItem2.m_i32Type;
}
int main()
{
vector<TItem> stItemVec;
TItem stItem1;
stItem1.m_i32Type = 1;
stItem1.m_i32ID = 1;
TItem stItem2;
stItem2.m_i32Type = 2;
stItem2.m_i32ID = 2;
TItem stItem3;
stItem3.m_i32Type = 3;
stItem3.m_i32ID = 3;
TItem stItem4;
stItem4.m_i32Type = 2;
stItem4.m_i32ID = 4;
stItemVec.push_back(stItem1);
stItemVec.push_back(stItem2);
stItemVec.push_back(stItem3);
stItemVec.push_back(stItem4);
sort(stItemVec.begin(), stItemVec.end(), lessmark); //升序排序
for (size_t i = 0; i < stItemVec.size(); i++)
printf("type: %d, id: %d\n", stItemVec[i].m_i32Type, stItemVec[i].m_i32ID);
printf("--\n");
sort(stItemVec.begin(), stItemVec.end(), greatermark); //降序排序
for (size_t i = 0; i < stItemVec.size(); i++)
printf("type: %d, id: %d\n", stItemVec[i].m_i32Type, stItemVec[i].m_i32ID);
return 0;
}
方法3:函数对象
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <functional>
using namespace std;
struct TItem
{
int m_i32Type;
int m_i32ID;
};
class CompLess
{
public:
bool operator ()(const TItem& stItem1, const TItem& stItem2)
{
return stItem1.m_i32Type < stItem2.m_i32Type;
}
};
class CompGreater
{
public:
bool operator ()(const TItem& stItem1, const TItem& stItem2)
{
return stItem1.m_i32Type > stItem2.m_i32Type;
}
};
int main()
{
vector<TItem> stItemVec;
TItem stItem1;
stItem1.m_i32Type = 1;
stItem1.m_i32ID = 1;
TItem stItem2;
stItem2.m_i32Type = 2;
stItem2.m_i32ID = 2;
TItem stItem3;
stItem3.m_i32Type = 3;
stItem3.m_i32ID = 3;
TItem stItem4;
stItem4.m_i32Type = 2;
stItem4.m_i32ID = 4;
stItemVec.push_back(stItem1);
stItemVec.push_back(stItem2);
stItemVec.push_back(stItem3);
stItemVec.push_back(stItem4);
sort(stItemVec.begin(), stItemVec.end(), CompLess()); //升序排序
for (size_t i = 0; i < stItemVec.size(); i++)
printf("type: %d, id: %d\n", stItemVec[i].m_i32Type, stItemVec[i].m_i32ID);
printf("--\n");
sort(stItemVec.begin(), stItemVec.end(), CompGreater()); //降序排序
for (size_t i = 0; i < stItemVec.size(); i++)
printf("type: %d, id: %d\n", stItemVec[i].m_i32Type, stItemVec[i].m_i32ID);
return 0;
}
/*
结果如下:
type: 1, id: 1
type: 2, id: 2
type: 2, id: 4
type: 3, id: 3
--
type: 3, id: 3
type: 2, id: 2
type: 2, id: 4
type: 1, id: 1
可以看出vector的sort的稳定的。
*/
问题:
1,示例代码中只有>和<关系处理,==关系是如何推导出来的?
2,排序时要移动元素,效率怎样?
3,如果自定义结构定义在一个类的内部,使用函数对象进行排序,这个函数对象可以作为类的成员函数吗?
4,在上面的例子中,vector中存放的都是结构(对象)本身,如果存放的是结构指针,该如何排序呢?此时只能通过全局的比较函数或者函数对象来做,且比较函数的参数要是指针类型的,如下:
(1)全局的比较函数
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <functional>
using namespace std;
struct TItem
{
int m_i32Type;
int m_i32ID;
};
bool CompLess(const TItem* pstItem1, const TItem* pstItem2)
{
return pstItem1->m_i32Type < pstItem2->m_i32Type;
}
bool CompGreater(const TItem* pstItem1, const TItem* pstItem2)
{
return pstItem1->m_i32Type > pstItem2->m_i32Type;
}
int main()
{
vector<TItem*> stItemVec;
TItem stItem1;
stItem1.m_i32Type = 1;
stItem1.m_i32ID = 1;
TItem stItem2;
stItem2.m_i32Type = 2;
stItem2.m_i32ID = 2;
TItem stItem3;
stItem3.m_i32Type = 3;
stItem3.m_i32ID = 3;
TItem stItem4;
stItem4.m_i32Type = 2;
stItem4.m_i32ID = 4;
stItemVec.push_back(&stItem1);
stItemVec.push_back(&stItem2);
stItemVec.push_back(&stItem3);
stItemVec.push_back(&stItem4);
sort(stItemVec.begin(), stItemVec.end(), CompLess); //升序排序
for (size_t i = 0; i < stItemVec.size(); i++)
printf("type: %d, id: %d\n", stItemVec[i]->m_i32Type, stItemVec[i]->m_i32ID);
printf("--\n");
sort(stItemVec.begin(), stItemVec.end(), CompGreater); //降序排序
for (size_t i = 0; i < stItemVec.size(); i++)
printf("type: %d, id: %d\n", stItemVec[i]->m_i32Type, stItemVec[i]->m_i32ID);
return 0;
}
(2)函数对象
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <functional>
using namespace std;
struct TItem
{
int m_i32Type;
int m_i32ID;
};
class CompLess
{
public:
bool operator ()(const TItem* pstItem1, const TItem* pstItem2)
{
return pstItem1->m_i32Type < pstItem2->m_i32Type;
}
};
class CompGreater
{
public:
bool operator ()(const TItem* pstItem1, const TItem* pstItem2)
{
return pstItem1->m_i32Type > pstItem2->m_i32Type;
}
};
int main()
{
vector<TItem*> stItemVec;
TItem stItem1;
stItem1.m_i32Type = 1;
stItem1.m_i32ID = 1;
TItem stItem2;
stItem2.m_i32Type = 2;
stItem2.m_i32ID = 2;
TItem stItem3;
stItem3.m_i32Type = 3;
stItem3.m_i32ID = 3;
TItem stItem4;
stItem4.m_i32Type = 2;
stItem4.m_i32ID = 4;
stItemVec.push_back(&stItem1);
stItemVec.push_back(&stItem2);
stItemVec.push_back(&stItem3);
stItemVec.push_back(&stItem4);
sort(stItemVec.begin(), stItemVec.end(), CompLess()); //升序排序
for (size_t i = 0; i < stItemVec.size(); i++)
printf("type: %d, id: %d\n", stItemVec[i]->m_i32Type, stItemVec[i]->m_i32ID);
printf("--\n");
sort(stItemVec.begin(), stItemVec.end(), CompGreater()); //降序排序
for (size_t i = 0; i < stItemVec.size(); i++)
printf("type: %d, id: %d\n", stItemVec[i]->m_i32Type, stItemVec[i]->m_i32ID);
return 0;
}
推荐使用函数对象。